Records of Wu 10: Biographies of Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Jiang Qin, Zhou Tai, Chen Wu, Dong Xi, Gan Ning, Ling Tong, Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang and Ding Feng

Records of Wu 10: Biographies of Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Jiang Qin, Zhou Tai, Chen Wu, Dong Xi, Gan Ning, Ling Tong, Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang and Ding Feng

Cheng Pu

程普

Cheng Pu, courtesy name Demou, was a man of Tuyin in Youbeiping Commandery. He first served as a clerk of the province and commandery; he had a fine bearing and a head for strategy, and was skilled in responding to others. He followed Sun Jian on campaign, attacking the Yellow Turbans at Wan and Deng and defeating Dong Zhuo at Yangren, and in attacking cities and fighting in the field he was wounded.

程普字德謀，右北平土垠人也。初爲州郡吏，有容貌計略，善於應對。從孫堅征伐，討黃巾於宛、鄧，破董卓於陽人，攻城野戰，身被創夷。

When Sun Jian died, he again followed Sun Ce in Huainan, went with him to attack Lujiang and took it, and returned to cross the river eastward with him. When Sun Ce reached Hengjiang and Dangli, defeated Zhang Ying, Yu Mi and others, and went on to take Moling, Hushu, Jurong and Qu'e, Cheng Pu distinguished himself every time, and his command was increased by two thousand troops and fifty horses. Advancing, they crushed Wucheng, Shimu, Bomen, Lingchuan and Yuhang, and Cheng Pu's merit was the greatest. When Sun Ce entered Kuaiji, he made Cheng Pu Chief Commandant of Wu Commandery, with his seat at Qiantang.

堅薨，復隨孫策在淮南，從攻廬江，拔之，還俱東渡。策到橫江、當利，破張英、于麋等，轉下秣陵、湖熟、句容、曲阿，普皆有功，增兵二千，騎五十匹。進破烏程、石木、波門、陵傳、餘杭，普功爲多。策入會稽，以普爲吳郡都尉，治錢唐。

He was later transferred to Chief Commandant of Danyang and stationed at Shicheng. He went on to attack the bandits of Xuancheng, Jing, Anwu, Lingyang and Chungu, and defeated them all. Sun Ce once attacked Zu Lang and was closely surrounded; Cheng Pu and a single horseman shielded and defended Sun Ce, galloping and shouting loudly as he charged the enemy with his spear. The enemy broke, and Sun Ce followed him out. He was later appointed General of the Household Who Sweeps Away Bandits and took charge of Lingling as Prefect. He followed the campaign against Liu Xun at Xunyang, advanced to attack Huang Zu at Shayi, and returned to guard Shicheng.

後徙丹楊都尉，居石城。復討宣城、涇、安吳、陵陽、春穀諸賊，皆破之。策甞攻祖郎，大爲所圍，普與一騎共蔽扞策，驅馬疾呼，以矛突賊，賊披，策因隨出。後拜盪寇中郎將，領零陵太守，從討劉勳於尋陽，進攻黃祖於沙羨，還鎮石城。

When Sun Ce died, together with Zhang Zhao and others he assisted Sun Quan, going round the three commanderies and subduing those who would not submit. He also joined the campaign against Jiangxia, and on the way back, passing through Yuzhang, he separately attacked Le'an. When Le'an was pacified, he replaced Taishi Ci in guarding Haihun. With Zhou Yu he served as Commander of the Left and of the Right, defeated Lord Cao at Wulin, and advanced further to attack Nan Commandery, driving Cao Ren away. He was appointed Assistant General and took charge of Jiangxia as Prefect, with his seat at Shayi, and was granted the revenue of four counties.

策薨，與張昭等共輔孫權，遂周旋三郡，平討不服。又從征江夏，還過豫章，別討樂安。樂安平定，代太史慈備海昏，與周瑜爲左右督，破曹公於烏林，又進攻南郡，走曹仁。拜裨將軍，領江夏太守，治沙羨，食四縣。

Of the generals who had come forward earliest, Cheng Pu was the oldest, and people of the time all called him Lord Cheng. He loved to give and was fond of gentlemen of learning. When Zhou Yu died, he replaced him as Prefect of Nan Commandery. When Sun Quan divided Jing Province and gave part of it to Liu Bei, Cheng Pu returned to take charge of Jiangxia again; he was promoted to General Who Sweeps Away Bandits and died. When Sun Quan assumed the imperial title, he posthumously reviewed Cheng Pu's merits and enfeoffed his son Cheng Zi as a village marquis.

先出諸將，普最年長，時人皆呼程公。性好施與，喜士大夫。周瑜卒，代領南郡太守。權分荊州與劉備，普復還領江夏，遷盪寇將軍，卒。¹權稱尊號，追論普功，封子咨爲亭侯。

Huang Gai

黃蓋

Huang Gai, courtesy name Gongfu, was a man of Quanling in Lingling Commandery. He first served as a commandery clerk, was nominated as Filial and Incorrupt, and was summoned to the office of one of the Excellencies. When Sun Jian raised a loyalist army, Huang Gai followed him. After Sun Jian had crushed the mountain bandits in the south and driven off Dong Zhuo in the north, he appointed Huang Gai Major of a Separate Command. When Sun Jian died, Huang Gai followed Sun Ce and Sun Quan, fighting everywhere in armor, treading on blades and storming cities.

黃蓋字公覆，零陵泉陵人也。¹初爲郡吏，察孝廉，辟公府。孫堅舉義兵，蓋從之。堅南破山賊，北走董卓，拜蓋別部司馬。堅薨，蓋隨策及權，擐甲周旋，蹈刃屠城。

Since the various Shanyue tribes would not submit, Huang Gai was always put in charge of any county troubled by bandits. The clerks of Shicheng County were especially hard to control, so Huang Gai appointed two chief clerks and had them divide the supervision of the various sections between them. He issued an instruction saying, “I, your magistrate, am lacking in virtue; I gained office only through military merit and have no name as a civil official. Now the bandits are not yet suppressed and there are military affairs to attend to, so I entrust all the paperwork to the two chief clerks. You are to supervise the sections and correct any errors. Whatever the two chief clerks decide, when a matter comes in, I will approve it and send it out. Should there be any deceit, I will never punish it with the whip or the rod, so let each of you give it your whole heart, and do not be the first before the others to be made an example.”

諸山越不賔，有寇難之縣，輙用蓋爲守長。石城縣吏，特難檢御，蓋乃署兩掾，分主諸曹。教曰：「令長不德，徒以武功爲官，不以文吏爲稱。今賊寇未平，有軍旅之務，一以文書委付兩掾，當檢攝諸曹，糾擿謬誤。兩掾所署，事入諾出，若有姦欺，終不加以鞭杖，宜各盡心，無爲衆先。」

At first they all feared his authority and did their duties respectfully day and night. But as time went on the clerks, thinking Huang Gai never looked at the documents, gradually began to accept private requests. Huang Gai for his part disliked slackness among those outside his view, and from time to time he made inspections, finding several cases in which each of the two chief clerks had failed to uphold the law. He then invited all the clerks, gave them wine and food, and brought out the cases to question them. The two chief clerks, with nothing to say, both knocked their heads on the ground and begged forgiveness. Huang Gai said, “I told you before that I would never punish you with the whip or the rod. I am not deceiving you.”

初皆怖威，夙夜恭職；久之，吏以蓋不視文書，漸容人事。蓋亦嫌外懈怠，時有所省，各得兩掾不奉法數事。乃悉請諸掾吏，賜酒食，因出事詰問。兩掾辭屈，皆叩頭謝罪。蓋曰：「前已相勑，終不以鞭杖相加，非相欺也。」

And he had them put to death. The whole county trembled. He was later transferred to Chief of Chungu and Magistrate of Xunyang. In all he governed nine counties, and wherever he was, order was restored. When he was promoted to Chief Commandant of Danyang, he held down the strong and supported the weak, and the Shanyue came to him in submission.

遂殺之。縣中震慄。後轉春穀長，尋陽令。凡守九縣，所在平定。遷丹楊都尉，抑彊扶弱，山越懷附。

Huang Gai was stern and resolute in appearance and good at caring for his men, so whenever he went on campaign his soldiers all vied to be first. During the Jian'an era he followed Zhou Yu to resist Lord Cao at the Red Cliffs and proposed the fire attack; the account is in the Biography of Zhou Yu. He was appointed General of the Household of Martial Vanguard. When the Man and Yi tribes of Wuling rebelled and attacked the walled towns, Huang Gai was put in charge as Prefect. At the time the commandery troops numbered only five hundred. Judging that he could not match the enemy, he opened the city gates, and when half the rebels had come in, he attacked them and took several hundred heads; the rest all fled and went back to their settlements.

蓋姿貌嚴毅，善於養衆，每所征討，士卒皆爭爲先。建安中，隨周瑜拒曹公於赤壁，建策火攻，語在〈瑜傳〉。¹拜武鋒中郎將。武陵蠻夷反亂，攻守城邑，乃以蓋領太守。時郡兵才五百人，自以不敵，因開城門，賊半入，乃擊之，斬首數百，餘皆奔走，盡歸邑落。

He executed the ringleaders and chiefs and pardoned those who had merely followed them. From spring to summer the rebellion was entirely suppressed, and the marquises and chieftains of the remote settlements of Ba, Li, You and Dan all changed their ways, turned to loyalty, and came with due ceremony asking for audience, so the commandery was at last cleared. Later, when Yiyang County in Changsha was attacked by mountain bandits, Huang Gai again suppressed them. He was additionally made Lieutenant General, and died of illness while in office.

誅討魁帥，附從者赦之。自春訖夏，寇亂盡平，諸幽邃巴、醴、由、誕邑侯君長，皆改操易節，奉禮請見，郡境遂清。後長沙益陽縣爲山賊所攻，蓋又平討。加偏將軍，病卒于官。

In office Huang Gai made decisions promptly and nothing was left pending, and the people of the state remembered him fondly. When Sun Quan ascended the throne, he posthumously reviewed his merits and granted his son Huang Bing the rank of Marquis Within the Pass.

蓋當官決斷，事無留滯，國人思之。¹及權踐阼，追論其功，賜子柄爵關內侯。

Han Dang

韓當

Han Dang, courtesy name Yigong, was a man of Lingzhi in Liaoxi Commandery. Skilled with bow and horse and physically strong, he won Sun Jian's favor and followed him on campaign everywhere; many times he braved danger, broke into the enemy's ranks and took captives, and he became Major of a Separate Command. When Sun Ce crossed the river eastward, Han Dang followed him in subduing the three commanderies; he was promoted to Colonel Who Scales First and given two thousand troops and fifty horses. He joined the campaign against Liu Xun and the defeat of Huang Zu, then returned to attack Poyang and took charge of Le'an as its Chief, and the Shanyue feared and submitted to him.

韓當字義公，遼西令支人也。¹以便弓馬，有膂力，幸於孫堅，從征伐周旋，數犯危難，陷敵擒虜，爲別部司馬。²及孫策東渡，從討三郡，遷先登校尉，授兵二千，騎五十匹。從征劉勳，破黃祖，還討鄱陽，領樂安長，山越畏服。

Later, as General of the Household, he joined Zhou Yu and others in resisting and defeating Lord Cao, and together with Lü Meng he took Nan Commandery by surprise. He was promoted to Lieutenant General and took charge of Yongchang as Prefect. In the campaign of Yidu he joined Lu Xun, Zhu Ran and others in attacking the Shu army at Zhuoxiang and inflicted a great defeat on it; he was transferred to General of Majestic Ardor and enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village. When Cao Zhen attacked Nan Commandery, Han Dang held the southeast. Commanding in the field, he urged his officers and men to hold firm with one heart, and he also showed respect and deference to the supervising commanders and officials and obeyed the laws and ordinances, and Sun Quan thought well of him.

後以中郎將與周瑜等拒破曹公，又與呂蒙襲取南郡，遷偏將軍，領永昌太守。宜都之役，與陸遜、朱然等共攻蜀軍於涿鄉，大破之，徙威烈將軍，封都亭侯。曹真攻南郡，當保東南。在外爲帥，厲將士同心固守，又敬望督司，奉遵法令，權善之。

In the second year of Huangwu he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Shicheng, promoted to General of Illustrious Martiality and took charge of Guanjun as Prefect, and later was also given the title of Area Commander. Leading ten thousand death-defying troops and Jiefan troops, he attacked the bandits of Danyang and defeated them. He then fell ill and died, and his son Han Zong inherited the marquisate and took command of his troops.

黃武二年，封石城侯，遷昭武將軍，領冠軍太守，後又加都督之號。將敢死及解煩兵萬人，討丹楊賊，破之。會病卒，子綜襲侯領兵。

That year, when Sun Quan campaigned against Shiyang, he left Han Zong, who was in mourning, to guard Wuchang, but Han Zong was debauched and lawless. Although Sun Quan did not call him to account for his father's sake, Han Zong was inwardly afraid; carrying his father's coffin and leading his mother, his household and several thousand men and women of his retinue, he fled to Wei. Wei made him a general and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Guangyang. He raided the border many times, killing and harming the people, and Sun Quan constantly gnashed his teeth over him. In the campaign of Dongxing, Han Zong led the vanguard; the army was defeated and he was killed. Zhuge Ke cut off his head and sent it to be presented at Sun Quan's temple.

其年，權征石陽，以綜有憂，使守武昌，而綜淫亂不軌。權雖以父故不問，綜內懷懼，¹載父喪，將母家屬部曲男女數千人奔魏。魏以爲將軍，封廣陽侯。數犯邊境，殺害人民，權常切齒。東興之役，綜爲前鋒，軍敗身死，諸葛恪斬送其首，以白權廟。

Jiang Qin

蔣欽

Jiang Qin, courtesy name Gongyi, was a man of Shouchun in Jiujiang Commandery. When Sun Ce attacked Yuan Shu, Jiang Qin followed him and served in attendance. When Sun Ce crossed the river eastward, he was appointed Major of a Separate Command and given troops. He fought alongside Sun Ce everywhere and pacified the three commanderies, and also joined in pacifying Yuzhang. He was appointed Commandant of Geyang and then served as Chief of three counties in turn, suppressing bandits, and was promoted to Chief Commandant of the Western Region. When the bandits of Ye in Kuaiji, Lü He, Qin Lang and others, rose in revolt, Jiang Qin led troops against them and captured Lü He and Qin Lang, and five counties were pacified. He was transferred to General of the Household Who Suppresses the Yue, with Jingju and Zhaoyang as his fief.

蔣欽字公弈，九江壽春人也。孫策之襲袁術，欽隨從給事。及策東渡，拜別部司馬，授兵。與策周旋，平定三郡，又從定豫章。調授葛陽尉，歷三縣長，討平盜賊，遷西部都尉。會稽冶賊呂合、秦狼等爲亂，欽將兵討擊，遂禽合、狼，五縣平定，徙討越中郎將，以涇拘、昭陽爲奉邑。

When He Qi attacked the bandits of Yi, Jiang Qin commanded ten thousand troops and joined forces with He Qi, and the bandits of Yi were pacified. He joined the campaign against Hefei, and when the Wei general Zhang Liao attacked Sun Quan north of the ford, Jiang Qin fought hard and distinguished himself. He was promoted to General Who Sweeps Away Bandits and took charge as Commander at Ruxu. Later he was recalled to the capital and appointed Protector of the Army of the Right at Jin, in charge of hearing lawsuits.

賀齊討黝賊，欽督萬兵，與齊并力，黝賊平定。從征合肥，魏將張遼襲權於津北，欽力戰有功，遷盪寇將軍，領濡須督。後召還都，拜津右護軍，典領辭訟。

Sun Quan once entered the inner quarters of his house and found that his mother had coarse bed curtains and a plain pale-blue coverlet, while his wife and concubines wore cloth skirts. Sun Quan sighed in admiration that, though of high rank, he kept to frugality, and at once ordered the palace workshops to make a brocade coverlet for his mother and to replace her curtains, and had the clothes of his wife and concubines all made of embroidered brocade.

權甞入其堂內，母踈帳縹被，妻妾布裙。權歎其在貴守約，即勑御府爲母作錦被，改易帷帳，妻妾衣服悉皆錦繡。

Earlier, when Jiang Qin was garrisoned at Xuancheng, he had once gone to attack the bandits of Yuzhang. Xu Sheng, Magistrate of Wuhu, arrested one of Jiang Qin's garrison officers and memorialized asking to behead him, but Sun Quan refused on the grounds that Jiang Qin was far away. From then on Xu Sheng felt uneasy toward Jiang Qin. When Lord Cao came out to Ruxu, Jiang Qin and Lü Meng together directed the dispositions of the armies. Xu Sheng was always afraid that Jiang Qin would use some affair to harm him, but Jiang Qin constantly praised his good qualities. Xu Sheng came to admire his virtue, and those who discussed the matter thought it admirable.

初，欽屯宣城，甞討豫章賊。蕪湖令徐盛收欽屯吏，表斬之，權以欽在遠不許，盛由是自嫌於欽。曹公出濡須，欽與呂蒙持諸軍節度。盛常畏欽因事害己，而欽每稱其善。盛旣服德，論者美焉。¹

When Sun Quan attacked Guan Yu, Jiang Qin led the naval forces into the Mian River, and on the way back he fell ill and died. Sun Quan put on plain mourning clothes and held lamentations for him, and gave two hundred households of the people of Wuhu and two hundred qing of fields to Jiang Qin's wife and children. His son Jiang Yi was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xuancheng; he led troops against Liu Bei with distinction, then returned and hurried to Nan Commandery, where he fought against Wei and died on the battlefield. Jiang Yi had no son, so his younger brother Jiang Xiu took command of the troops, but later he committed a crime and lost his inheritance.

權討關羽，欽督水軍入沔，還，道病卒。權素服舉哀，以蕪湖民二百戶、田二百頃，給欽妻子。子壹封宣城侯，領兵拒劉備有功，還赴南郡，與魏交戰，臨陣卒。壹無子，弟休領兵，後有罪失業。

Zhou Tai

周泰

Zhou Tai, courtesy name Youping, was a man of Xiacai in Jiujiang Commandery. Together with Jiang Qin he followed Sun Ce as one of his close attendants, serving him respectfully, and fought in many battles with distinction. When Sun Ce entered Kuaiji, he appointed him Major of a Separate Command and gave him troops. Sun Quan loved his character and asked to have him for himself. When Sun Ce attacked the mountain bandits of six counties, Sun Quan stayed at Xuancheng; the soldiers guarding him numbered fewer than a thousand, and he was still careless and had not built a stockade, when several thousand mountain bandits suddenly arrived.

周泰字幼平，九江下蔡人也。與蔣欽隨孫策爲左右，服事恭敬，數戰有功。策入會稽，署別部司馬，授兵。權愛其爲人，請以自給。策討六縣山賊，權住宣城，使士自衞，不能千人，意尚忽略，不治圍落，而山賊數千人卒至。

Sun Quan had only just mounted his horse when the bandits' blades were already clashing on either side of him, and one struck his saddle; none of his men could steady themselves. Only Zhou Tai, roused to fury, threw himself forward to protect Sun Quan, with courage and spirit far beyond other men, and thanks to Zhou Tai those around him were all able to join the fight. When the bandits had scattered, he had twelve wounds on his body and revived only after a long while. Had it not been for Zhou Tai that day, Sun Quan would have been in mortal danger. Sun Ce was deeply grateful and appointed him Chief of Chungu. Later he joined the attack on Wan and the campaign against Jiangxia, and on the way back through Yuzhang he was again appointed, as Chief of Yichun. In every place he held office, he received its taxes as his income.

權始得上馬，而賊鋒刃已交於左右，或斫中馬鞌，衆莫能自定。惟泰奮擊，投身衞權，膽氣倍人，左右由泰並能就戰。賊旣解散，身被十二創，良久乃蘇。是日無泰，權幾危殆。策深德之，補春穀長。後從攻皖，及討江夏，還過豫章，復補宜春長，所在皆食其征賦。

He joined the campaign against Huang Zu with distinction. Later, with Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu, he resisted Lord Cao at the Red Cliffs and attacked Cao Ren at Nan Commandery. When Jing Province was pacified, he led troops to garrison Cen. When Lord Cao came out to Ruxu, Zhou Tai again hastened to attack him, and Lord Cao withdrew. He was left in command at Ruxu and appointed General Who Pacifies Caitiffs. At that time Zhu Ran, Xu Sheng and others were all under his command, and none of them would submit to him. Sun Quan made a special tour of inspection to the fort at Ruxu, gathered all the generals, and held a great drinking feast.

從討黃祖有功。後與周瑜、程普拒曹公於赤壁，攻曹仁於南郡。荊州平定，將兵屯岑。曹公出濡須，泰復赴擊，曹公退，留督濡須，拜平虜將軍。時朱然、徐盛等皆在所部，並不伏也，權特爲案行至濡須鄔，因會諸將，大爲酣樂。

Sun Quan himself went round pouring wine, and when he came to Zhou Tai he ordered him to take off his robe. Sun Quan pointed with his own hand at each of his scars and asked how it had come about, and Zhou Tai each time recalled the place of the old battle in answer. When he had finished, Sun Quan had him dress again, and they feasted merrily through the night. The next day Sun Quan sent an envoy to present him with an imperial canopy. After this Xu Sheng and the others submitted.

權自行酒到泰前，命泰解衣，權手自指其創痕，問以所起。泰輒記昔戰鬬處以對，畢，使復服，歡讌極夜。其明日，遣使者授以御蓋。¹於是盛等乃伏。

Later, when Sun Quan had defeated Guan Yu and wished to advance and take Shu, he appointed Zhou Tai Prefect of Hanzhong and General Who Displays Might, and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Lingyang. He died during the Huangwu era.

後權破關羽，欲進圖蜀，拜泰漢中太守、奮威將軍，封陵陽侯。黃武中卒。

His son Zhou Shao commanded the troops as Chief Commandant of Cavalry. When Cao Ren came out to Ruxu, he fought with distinction; he also joined the attack that defeated Cao Xiu and was promoted to Assistant General. He died in the second year of Huanglong. His younger brother Zhou Cheng took command of the troops and inherited the marquisate.

子邵以騎都尉領兵。曹仁出濡須，戰有功，又從攻破曹休，進位裨將軍，黃龍二年卒。弟承領兵襲侯。

Chen Wu

陳武

Chen Wu, courtesy name Zilie, was a man of Songzi in Lujiang Commandery. When Sun Ce was at Shouchun, Chen Wu went to pay his respects; he was then eighteen years old and seven feet seven inches tall. He followed Sun Ce across the river and distinguished himself in the campaigns, and was appointed Major of a Separate Command. When Sun Ce defeated Liu Xun and gained many men of Lujiang, he picked out the best of them and made Chen Wu their commander, and wherever they went no one could stand before them. When Sun Quan took charge of affairs, he was transferred to command the Five Regiments. He was kind, generous and fond of giving, and many people from his home district and travelers from afar attached themselves to him.

陳武字子烈，廬江松滋人。孫策在壽春，武往脩謁，時年十八，長七尺七寸，因從渡江，征討有功，拜別部司馬。策破劉勳，多得廬江人，料其精銳，乃以武爲督，所向無前。及權統事，轉督五校。仁厚好施，鄉里遠方客多依託之。

He was especially close to and loved by Sun Quan, who visited his house many times. His merits accumulated, and he was promoted to Lieutenant General. In the twentieth year of Jian'an he joined the attack on Hefei and died fighting with reckless courage. Sun Quan mourned him and attended his funeral in person.

尤爲權所親愛，數至其家。累有功勞，進位偏將軍。建安二十年，從擊合肥，奮命戰死。權哀之，自臨其葬。¹

His son Chen Xiu had a martial bearing. At nineteen Sun Quan summoned him, encouraged him, appointed him Major of a Separate Command and gave him five hundred troops. At that time many of the new recruits were deserting or defecting, but Chen Xiu cared for his men so well that he won their hearts and did not lose a single one. Sun Quan thought him remarkable and appointed him Colonel. At the end of the Jian'an era, when the descendants of meritorious officials were recognized, Chen Xiu was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village and made Commander of the Jiefan troops. He died in the first year of Huanglong.

子脩有武風，年十九，權召見獎厲，拜別部司馬，授兵五百人。時諸新兵多有逃叛，而脩撫循得意，不失一人。權奇之，拜爲校尉。建安末，追錄功臣後，封脩都亭侯，爲解煩督。黃龍元年卒。

Chen Biao, Son by a Secondary Wife

庶子　陳表

His younger brother Chen Biao, courtesy name Wen'ao, was Chen Wu's son by a secondary wife. He was well known from his youth, and together with Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan, Zhang Xiu and others he served in the Eastern Palace, and they were all close friends. The Master of Writing Ji Yan was also on good terms with Chen Biao. Later, when Ji Yan was convicted of a crime, people of the time all looked to protect themselves, and even those who had trusted him deeply spoke coldly of him; Chen Biao alone did not, and scholars respected him for this. He was transferred to Cadet of the Heir Apparent's Household and appointed Chief Commandant Who Aids Rectitude. After his elder brother Chen Xiu died, Chen Biao's mother was unwilling to serve Chen Xiu's mother, and Chen Biao said to his mother, “My elder brother has unfortunately died young. Since I now manage the family's affairs, I must serve my father's principal wife.

弟表，字文奧，武庶子也，少知名，與諸葛恪、顧譚、張休等並侍東宮，皆共親友。尚書曁豔亦與表善，後豔遇罪，時人咸自營護，信厚言薄，表獨不然，士以此重之。徙太子中庶子，拜翼正都尉。兄脩亡後，表母不肯事脩母，表謂其母曰：「兄不幸早亡，表統家事，當奉嫡母。

If, for my sake, you can bend your feelings and submit to and obey her, that is my dearest wish. If you cannot, then you must simply move out and live apart.” Such was Chen Biao's fairness in matters of great principle. As a result the two mothers were moved and came to live in harmony. Because his father had died on the battlefield, Chen Biao asked to be employed as a general, and he commanded five hundred troops. Wanting to win the strength of his fighting men, he treated them with all his heart, and the soldiers all loved and followed him and gladly risked their lives for him. At that time someone stole government property, and suspicion fell on Shi Ming, a soldier of the Wunan corps.

母若能爲表屈情，承順嫡母者，是至願也；若母不能，直當出別居耳。」表於大義公正如此。由是二母感寤雍穆。表以父死敵場，求用爲將，領兵五百人。表欲得戰士之力，傾意接待，士皆愛附，樂爲用命。時有盜官物者，疑無難士施明。

Shi Ming was by nature strong and fierce; he was arrested and interrogated with the utmost cruelty, but he would rather die than confess, and the Commandant of Justice reported this. Because Chen Biao was good at winning the hearts of stalwart men, Sun Quan issued an edict handing Shi Ming over to Chen Biao to get at the truth in his own way. Chen Biao at once broke off his fetters, had him bathed and his clothes changed, laid out a generous spread of wine and food, and entertained him warmly to win him over. Shi Ming then confessed and named all his accomplices in full. Chen Biao reported the circumstances. Sun Quan found this remarkable, and to preserve Chen Biao's good name he specially pardoned Shi Ming and executed his confederates.

明素壯悍，收考極毒，惟死無辭，廷尉以聞。權以表能得健兒之心，詔以明付表，使自以意求其情實。表便破械沐浴，易其衣服，厚設酒食，歡以誘之。明乃首服，具列支黨。表以狀聞。權奇之，欲全其名，特爲赦明，誅戮其黨。

Chen Biao was promoted to Commander of the Right Division of the Wunan corps and enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village, continuing the former rank. Chen Biao declined it all and asked that it be passed to Chen Xiu's son Chen Yan, but Sun Quan would not allow it. In the third year of Jiahe, when Zhuge Ke took charge of Danyang as Prefect to suppress the Shanyue, Chen Biao was put in charge as Chief Commandant of Xin'an, to act in concert with Zhuge Ke. Earlier, Chen Biao had been granted two hundred exempted households, located in Xin'an County in Kuaiji. When Chen Biao inspected these people, he found that all of them would make good soldiers, so he submitted a memorial declining them and asking that they be returned to the government to fill out the ranks of the elite troops.

遷表爲無難右部督，封都亭侯，以繼舊爵。表皆陳讓，乞以傳脩子延，權不許。嘉禾三年，諸葛恪領丹楊太守，討平山越，以表領新安都尉，與恪參勢。初，表所受賜復人得二百家，在會稽新安縣。表簡視其人，皆堪好兵，乃上疏陳讓，乞以還官，充足精銳。

An edict said, “The late general had merit in the service of the state, and the state rewarded him with this. How can you decline it?” Chen Biao then declared, “Now, in ridding the state of its enemies and avenging my father, men are what matter most. To waste these strong and able men as servants is not my wish.” And he picked them all out to fill his ranks. The local authorities reported this, and Sun Quan greatly commended him. An order was sent down to the commanderies and counties to select weak people from the regular registered households to take their place. In his three years in office Chen Biao widely received those who surrendered and gained more than ten thousand soldiers.

詔曰：「先將軍有功於國，國家以此報之，卿何得辭焉？」表乃稱曰：「今除國賊，報父之仇，以人爲本。空枉此勁銳以爲僮僕，非表志也。」皆輒料取以充部伍。所在以聞，權甚嘉之。下郡縣，料正戶羸民以補其處。表在官三年，廣開降納，得兵萬餘人。

When the task was done and he was due to leave, the people of Poyang under Wu Ju and others happened to rise in revolt, attacking and capturing the walled towns, and the subordinate counties were thrown into turmoil. Chen Biao at once crossed the boundary to attack them, and Wu Ju, defeated, surrendered. Lu Xun appointed Chen Biao Lieutenant General and raised his enfeoffment to Marquis of a Chief District, and he garrisoned Zhangkeng in the north. He died at thirty-four. He had spent all his family wealth on supporting his soldiers, so on the day of his death his wife and children were left standing without a roof over them, and the Heir Apparent Sun Deng built a house for them. His son Chen Ao, at seventeen, was appointed Major of a Separate Command and given four hundred troops.

事捷當出，會鄱陽民吳遽等爲亂，攻沒城郭，屬縣搖動，表便越界赴討，遽以破敗，遂降。陸遜拜表偏將軍，進封都鄉侯，北屯章阬。年三十四卒。家財盡於養士，死之日，妻子露立，太子登爲起屋宅。子敖年十七，拜別部司馬，授兵四百人。

When Chen Ao died, Chen Xiu's son Chen Yan in turn became Major in his place. Chen Yan's younger brother Chen Yong became a general and was enfeoffed as a marquis. As for Shi Ming, moved by Chen Biao, he reformed his conduct and became a good man, and in the end became a valiant commander and rose to the rank of general.

敖卒，脩子延復爲司馬代敖。延弟永，將軍，封侯。始施明感表，自變行爲善，遂成健將，致位將軍。

Dong Xi

董襲

Dong Xi, courtesy name Yuandai, was a man of Yuyao in Kuaiji Commandery. He was eight feet tall and surpassed other men in martial strength. When Sun Ce entered the commandery, Dong Xi welcomed him at Gaoqian Pavilion; Sun Ce saw him, thought him impressive, and on arriving made him Bandit Officer of his headquarters staff. At that time Huang Longluo and Zhou Bo, long-standing bandits of Shanyin, had gathered a following of several thousand. Sun Ce went out in person to attack them, and Dong Xi himself cut off the heads of Huang Longluo and Zhou Bo. On his return he was appointed Major of a Separate Command, given several thousand troops, and promoted to Chief Commandant Who Displays Martial Prowess. He followed Sun Ce to attack Wan, then to attack Liu Xun at Xunyang and Huang Zu at Jiangxia.

董襲字元代，會稽餘姚人，長八尺，武力過人。¹孫策入郡，襲迎於高遷亭，策見而偉之，到署門下賊曹。時山陰宿賊黃龍羅、周勃聚黨數千人，策自出討，襲身斬羅、勃首，還拜別部司馬，授兵數千，遷揚武都尉。從策攻皖，又討劉勳於尋陽，伐黃祖於江夏。

When Sun Ce died and Sun Quan, still young, first took charge of affairs, the Dowager Consort was anxious about it. She summoned Zhang Zhao, Dong Xi and others and asked whether Jiangdong could be kept safe. Dong Xi answered, “Jiangdong has the natural strength of mountains and rivers, and the kindness of His Excellency the General Who Attacks Rebels (Sun Ce) lives on among the people. The General Who Punishes Caitiffs (Sun Quan) has inherited the foundation, and great and small alike obey his commands; Zhang Zhao handles the many affairs, and we are his claws and fangs. This is a time when we have both the advantages of terrain and the harmony of men. There is nothing at all to worry about.” Everyone admired the boldness of his words.

策薨，權年少，初統事，太妃憂之，引見張昭及襲等，問江東可保安不，襲對曰：「江東地勢有山川之固，而討逆明府恩德在民。討虜承基，大小用命，張昭秉衆事，襲等爲爪牙，此地利人和之時也，萬無所憂。」衆皆壯其言。

When the Poyang bandits under Peng Hu and others numbered tens of thousands, Dong Xi, Ling Tong, Bu Zhi and Jiang Qin each attacked them separately. Wherever Dong Xi went he broke them at once; Peng Hu and his men scattered and fled at the mere sight of his banners, and within ten days they were all suppressed. He was appointed Colonel Who Awes the Yue and promoted to Lieutenant General.

鄱陽賊彭虎等衆數萬人，襲與凌統、步隲、蔣欽各別分討。襲所向輒破，虎等望見旌旗，便散走，旬日盡平，拜威越校尉，遷偏將軍。

In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Sun Quan attacked Huang Zu. Huang Zu had two mengchong assault ships moored crosswise guarding either side of Miankou, anchored by stones tied to great hawsers of palm fiber. On board were a thousand men who shot crossbows in crossfire, and arrows fell like rain, so that the army could not advance. Dong Xi and Ling Tong both served in the vanguard, each leading a hundred death-defying men, every man wearing two suits of armor. Riding in large barges, they charged in among the assault ships. Dong Xi himself cut the two hawsers with his sword, the assault ships drifted crosswise with the current, and the main army at last advanced.

建安十三年，權討黃祖。祖橫兩蒙衝挾守沔口，以栟閭大紲繫石爲矴，上有千人，以弩交射，飛矢雨下，軍不得前。襲與凌統俱爲前部，各將敢死百人，人被兩鎧，乘大舸船，突入蒙衝裏。襲身以刀斷兩紲，蒙衝乃橫流，大兵遂進。

Huang Zu then opened the gates and fled, and the soldiers pursued and beheaded him. The next day there was a great feast, and Sun Quan raised his cup to Dong Xi and said, “Today's gathering is owed to your feat in cutting the hawsers.”

祖便開門走，兵追斬之。明日大會，權舉觴屬襲曰：「今日之會，斷紲之功也。」

When Lord Cao came out to Ruxu, Dong Xi followed Sun Quan there, and Sun Quan had Dong Xi command a five-storied tower ship stationed at Ruxukou. During the night a violent storm suddenly blew up and the tower ship began to capsize. His attendants scattered into small fast boats and begged Dong Xi to get off. Dong Xi said angrily, “I have received the general's charge to guard against the enemy here. How could I abandon it and go? Anyone who says this again will be beheaded!” After that no one dared to press him. That night the ship broke up and Dong Xi died. Sun Quan changed into mourning clothes to attend the laying-out of his body, and provided for the family very generously.

曹公出濡須，襲從權赴之，使襲督五樓船住濡須口。夜卒暴風，五樓船傾覆，左右散走舸，乞使襲出。襲怒曰：「受將軍任，在此備賊，何等委去也，敢復言此者斬！」於是莫敢干。其夜船敗，襲死。權改服臨殯，供給甚厚。

Gan Ning

甘寧

Gan Ning, courtesy name Xingba, was a man of Linjiang in Ba Commandery. In his youth he was full of vigor and fond of the life of a knight-errant; he gathered around him reckless young men and became their leader. They went about in a band, carrying bows and crossbows, with feathers on their backs and bells at their belts, so that when people heard the bells they knew at once it was Gan Ning. When he met people, or dealt with the senior officials of the towns, he made friends and made merry with those who received him generously; otherwise he let his followers loose to seize their goods and committed robbery and violence within the officials' jurisdictions, leaving the officials to bear the blame when the crimes came to light. So it went on for more than twenty years.

甘寧字興霸，巴郡臨江人也。¹少有氣力，好游俠，招合輕薄少年，爲之渠帥；羣聚相隨，挾持弓弩，負毦帶鈴，民聞鈴聲，即知是寧。²人與相逢，及屬城長吏，接待隆厚者乃與交歡；不爾，即放所將奪其資貨，於長吏界中有所賊害，作其發負，至二十餘年。

Then he stopped raiding and robbing and read a good deal of the works of the various philosophers. He went to take refuge with Liu Biao and lived in Nanyang, but was not given any advancement. Later he moved on to attach himself to Huang Zu, but Huang Zu too treated him as an ordinary man.

止不攻劫，頗讀諸子，乃往依劉表，因居南陽，不見進用，後轉託黃祖，祖又以凡人畜之。¹

So he came over to Wu. Zhou Yu and Lü Meng both recommended him, and Sun Quan treated him with special favor, on a par with his long-serving officials. Gan Ning presented a plan, saying, “The fortunes of Han are waning day by day, and Cao Cao grows ever more arrogant; in the end he will become a usurper. The land of southern Jing has favorable terrain of hills and mountains, and its rivers and streams flow through everywhere; truly it is the western bulwark of our state. I have observed Liu Biao: his thinking does not reach far, and his sons are inferior; they are not men who can carry on his enterprise and hand down his foundation. Your Lordship should plan to take it early, and must not plan for it later than Cao Cao.

於是歸吳。周瑜、呂蒙皆共薦達，孫權加異，同於舊臣。寧陳計曰：「今漢祚日微，曹操彌憍，終爲篡盜。南荊之地，山陵形便，江川流通，誠是國之西勢也。寧已觀劉表，慮旣不遠，兒子又劣，非能承業傳基者也。至尊當早規之，不可後操圖之。

The plan for taking it should be to seize Huang Zu first. Huang Zu is now old and very far gone in his dotage; his money and grain are both running short; those around him deceive and manipulate him and devote themselves to profit, squeezing the officers and soldiers, who resent it in their hearts. His ships and war equipment have been neglected and not repaired, farming is left undone, and his army has neither discipline nor order. If Your Lordship goes now, he can certainly be defeated. Once Huang Zu's army is crushed, we can advance west to the beat of drums and hold the Chu passes in the west; our position will grow ever greater, and we can then gradually plan to take Ba and Shu.”

圖之之計，宜先取黃祖。祖今年老，昏耄已甚，財穀並乏，左右欺弄，務於貨利，侵求吏士，吏士心怨，舟船戰具頓廢不脩，怠於耕農，軍無法伍。至尊今往，其破可必。一破祖軍，鼓行而西，西據楚關，大勢彌廣，即可漸規巴蜀。」

Sun Quan took this deeply to heart. Zhang Zhao, who was present at the gathering, objected: “The land of Wu is unsettled and anxious. If the army really sets out, I fear it will surely lead to disorder.” Gan Ning said to Zhang Zhao, “The state has entrusted you with the responsibility of Xiao He. If you, staying behind to keep watch, worry about disorder, how can you hope to emulate the men of old?” Sun Quan raised his cup of wine toward Gan Ning and said, “Xingba, this year’s punitive campaign is like this wine: I resolutely entrust it to you. You need only exert yourself to devise the plans and make sure we defeat Huang Zu; then the achievement will be yours. Why mind what Chief Clerk Zhang says?” Sun Quan then went west, and indeed captured Huang Zu and took all his officers and men. He then gave Gan Ning troops and had him garrison Dangkou.

權深納之。張昭時在坐，難曰：「吳下業業，若軍果行，恐必致亂。」寧謂昭曰：「國家以蕭何之任付君，君居守而憂亂，奚以希慕古人乎？」權舉酒屬寧曰：「興霸，今年行討，如此酒矣，決以付卿。卿但當勉建方略，令必克祖，則卿之功，何嫌張長史之言乎。」權遂西，果禽祖，盡獲其士衆。遂授寧兵，屯當口¹

Later he followed Zhou Yu in resisting and defeating Lord Cao at Wulin. When they attacked Cao Ren at Nan Commandery and could not take it, Gan Ning proposed a plan to advance directly first and seize Yiling; he went and immediately gained the city, then entered and held it. At that time he had only a few hundred soldiers under him, and even with those he had newly gained, they barely reached a thousand. Cao Ren had five or six thousand men besiege Gan Ning. Gan Ning was attacked for several days; the enemy set up high towers and rained arrows into the city. His officers and men were all afraid; only Gan Ning talked and laughed as calmly as ever.

後隨周瑜拒破曹公於烏林。攻曹仁於南郡，未拔，寧建計先徑進取夷陵，往即得其城，因入守之。時手下有數百兵，并所新得，僅滿千人。曹仁乃令五六千人圍寧。寧受攻累日，敵設高樓，雨射城中，士衆皆懼，惟寧談笑自若。

He sent a messenger to report to Zhou Yu, and Zhou Yu, following Lü Meng’s plan, led the generals to break the siege. Later Gan Ning followed Lu Su to hold Yiyang and resist Guan Yu. Guan Yu claimed to have thirty thousand men; he personally selected five thousand elite soldiers and sent them to a shallow ford more than ten li upstream of the county, saying he meant to cross by night. Lu Su deliberated with his generals. Gan Ning, who had three hundred soldiers at that time, said, “Give me another five hundred men and I will go and face him. I guarantee that when Guan Yu hears me so much as cough, he will not dare to cross the water; and if he does cross, he will be my captive.”

遣使報瑜，瑜用呂蒙計，帥諸將解圍。後隨魯肅鎮益陽，拒關羽。羽號有三萬人，自擇選銳士五千人，投縣上流十餘里淺瀨，云欲夜涉渡。肅與諸將議。寧時有三百兵，乃曰：「可復以五百人益吾，吾往對之，保羽聞吾欬唾，不敢涉水，涉水即是吾禽。」

Lu Su then selected a thousand soldiers to add to Gan Ning’s force, and Gan Ning went there by night. When Guan Yu heard of this, he halted and did not cross, but built a camp of brushwood; to this day the place is called Guan Yu’s Rapids. Sun Quan praised Gan Ning’s achievement, appointed him Prefect of Xiling, and put him in charge of the two counties of Yangxin and Xiazhi.

肅便選千兵益寧，寧乃夜往。羽聞之，住不渡，而結柴營，今遂名此處爲關羽瀨。權嘉寧功，拜西陵太守，領陽新、下雉兩縣。

Later he took part in the attack on Wan and was made Commander of the Wall Assault. Holding a length of silk in his hand, Gan Ning climbed the wall himself, leading the officers and men, and in the end they broke the city and captured Zhu Guang. When merit was reckoned, Lü Meng ranked first and Gan Ning second, and he was appointed General Who Breaks Assaults.

後從攻皖，爲升城督。寧手持練，身緣城，爲吏士先，卒破獲朱光。計功，呂蒙爲最。寧次之，拜折衝將軍。

Later, when Lord Cao came out to Ruxu, Gan Ning became Commander of the Vanguard and received orders to sally out and strike the enemy’s forward camp. Sun Quan specially bestowed rice, wine, and many dishes, and Gan Ning apportioned the food among the hundred-odd men under him. When they had finished eating, Gan Ning first poured wine into a silver bowl and drank two bowls himself, then poured some and gave it to his commander. The commander lay prostrate and would not take it at once. Gan Ning drew his bare blade, laid it across his knees, and rebuked him: “You enjoy the recognition of our Supreme Lord—how does that compare with Gan Ning?

後曹公出濡須，寧爲前部督，受勑出斫敵前營。權特賜米酒衆殽，寧乃料賜手下百餘人食。食畢，寧先以銀盌酌酒，自飲兩盌，乃酌與其都督。都督伏，不肯時持。寧引白削置膝上，呵謂之曰：「卿見知於至尊，孰與甘寧？

Even Gan Ning does not begrudge his life—why should you alone begrudge yours?” Seeing the sternness in Gan Ning’s face, the commander at once rose, bowed, and took the wine in his turn, and then poured a silver bowl of wine for each of the soldiers. At the second watch of the night, with gags in their mouths, they sallied out and struck the enemy. The enemy was thrown into alarm and confusion and then withdrew. Gan Ning was held in even greater esteem, and his troops were increased by two thousand men.

甘寧尚不惜死，卿何以獨惜死乎？」都督見寧色厲，即起拜待酒次，通酌兵各一銀盌。至二更時，銜枚出斫敵。敵驚動，遂退。寧益貴重，增兵二千人。¹

Although Gan Ning was coarse, fierce, and fond of killing, he was open and forthright and had strategic sense; he made light of wealth and respected his men, and he generously looked after his stalwart soldiers, who in turn gladly gave their lives for him. In the twentieth year of Jian'an, he took part in the attack on Hefei. An epidemic broke out and the army had already been withdrawn; only the thousand-odd Tiger Guards attending the carriage, together with Lü Meng, Jiang Qin, Ling Tong, and Gan Ning, were with Sun Quan north of Xiaoyaojin. Zhang Liao spied on them and learned of this, and at once led foot and horse in a sudden attack.

寧雖麤猛好殺，然開爽有計略，輕財敬士，能厚養健兒，健兒亦樂爲用命。建安二十年，從攻合肥，會疫疾，軍旅皆已引出，唯車下虎士千餘人，并呂蒙、蔣欽、凌統及寧，從權逍遙津北。張遼覘望知之，即將步騎奄至。

Gan Ning drew his bow and shot at the enemy, fighting to the death alongside Ling Tong and the others. In a harsh voice he demanded to know why the drums and pipes were not playing; his spirit was stalwart and resolute, and Sun Quan especially praised him for it.

寧引弓射敵，與統等死戰。寧厲聲問鼓吹何以不作，壯氣毅然，權尤嘉之。¹

A kitchen boy of Gan Ning’s once committed an offense and fled to Lü Meng for refuge. Lü Meng, fearing that Gan Ning would kill him, did not return him at once. Later, when Gan Ning brought gifts to pay his respects to Lü Meng’s mother and they were about to go up into the hall together, Lü Meng brought out the kitchen boy and returned him to Gan Ning. Gan Ning promised Lü Meng he would not kill him. A short while later, back at his boat, he tied the boy to a mulberry tree and shot him dead with his own bow. When this was done, he ordered the boatmen to add more mooring lines to the boat, took off his clothes, and lay down in the boat. Lü Meng was furious; he beat the drums to muster his troops, intending to go to the boat and attack Gan Ning.

寧厨下兒曾有過，走投呂蒙。蒙恐寧殺之，故不即還。後寧齎禮禮蒙母，臨當與升堂，乃出厨下兒還寧。寧許蒙不殺。斯須還船，縛置桑樹，自挽弓射殺之。畢，勑船人更增舸纜，解衣卧船中。蒙大怒，擊鼓會兵，欲就船攻寧。

Gan Ning heard of this but deliberately stayed lying down and did not get up. Lü Meng’s mother came out barefoot and remonstrated with Lü Meng: “Our Supreme Lord treats you like his own flesh and blood and has entrusted you with great affairs. How can you want to attack and kill Gan Ning out of private anger? On the day Gan Ning dies, even if our Supreme Lord does not call you to account, you will have broken the law as a subject.” Lü Meng had always been utterly filial; on hearing his mother’s words, his anger at once melted away. He went himself to Gan Ning’s boat and called to him with a laugh, “Xingba, my old mother is waiting to dine with you. Come up quickly!” Gan Ning wept and sobbed, saying, “I have wronged you.” He went back with Lü Meng to see his mother, and they feasted happily all day.

寧聞之，故卧不起。蒙母徒跣出諫蒙曰：「至尊待汝如骨肉，屬汝以大事，何有以私怒而欲攻殺甘寧？寧死之日，縱至尊不問，汝是爲臣下非法。」蒙素至孝，聞母言，即豁然意釋，自至寧舩，笑呼之曰：「興霸，老母待卿食，急上！」寧涕泣歔欷曰：「負卿。」與蒙俱還見母，歡宴竟日。

When Gan Ning died, Sun Quan grieved deeply for him. His son Gan Gui was banished to Kuaiji for a crime and died not long afterward.

寧卒，權痛惜之。子瓌，以罪徙會稽，無幾死。

Ling Tong

凌統

Ling Tong, courtesy name Gongji, was a man of Yuhang County in Wu Commandery. His father, Ling Cao, was a gallant with a daring spirit. When Sun Ce first rose, he followed him on every campaign, always foremost in the army, treading on the spearpoints. As acting Chief of Yongping he pacified and governed the Shanyue, so that the wicked and crafty held back their hands, and he was promoted to Colonel Who Smashes Bandits. When Sun Quan took command of the army, Ling Cao followed him to attack Jiangxia. Entering Xiakou, he was first to scale the defenses and broke their vanguard; advancing alone in a light boat, he was struck by a stray arrow and died.

凌統字公績，吳郡餘杭人也。父操，輕俠有膽氣，孫策初興，每從征伐，常冠軍履鋒。守永平長，平治山越，姦猾斂手，遷破賊校尉。及權統軍，從討江夏。入夏口，先登，破其前鋒，輕舟獨進，中流矢死。

Ling Tong was fifteen, and many of those around Sun Quan spoke in his praise. Sun Quan, also because Ling Cao had died in the service of the state, appointed Ling Tong Major of a Separate Command and acting Chief Commandant Who Smashes Bandits, and had him take over his father’s troops. Later he followed an attack on mountain bandits. Sun Quan broke the Bao stockade and returned first, and ten thousand men remained in the Ma stockade; Ling Tong stayed with the Commander Zhang Yi and others to besiege them, fixing a day for the assault. Before that day, Ling Tong met the Commander Chen Qin to drink. Chen Qin was hard, brave, and headstrong; since he was presiding over the drinking, he bullied the whole company and imposed penalty cups without regard to what was proper.

統年十五，左右多稱述者，權亦以操死國事，拜統別部司馬，行破賊都尉，使攝父兵。後從擊山賊，權破保屯先還，餘麻屯萬人，統與督張異等留攻圍之，克日當攻。先期，統與督陳勤會飲酒，勤剛勇任氣，因督祭酒，陵轢一坐，舉罰不以其道。

Ling Tong resented his insolence, rebuked him to his face, and would not do his bidding. Chen Qin angrily cursed Ling Tong and even his father Ling Cao; Ling Tong only wept and made no reply, and the company broke up and left. Emboldened by drink, Chen Qin behaved violently and insulted Ling Tong again on the road. Ling Tong could not bear it; he drew his blade and cut Chen Qin, who died a few days later. When the time came to attack the stockade, Ling Tong said, “Only death can atone for my crime.” He then led and urged on his soldiers, exposing himself to arrows and stones, and the side he was assigned collapsed at once; the generals took advantage of the victory and crushed the enemy. On his return he gave himself up to the Army Judge. Sun Quan admired his resolve and let him redeem his crime with his merit.

統疾其侮慢，面折不爲用。勤怒詈統，及其父操，統流涕不荅，衆因罷出。勤乘酒凶悖，又於道路辱統。統不忍，引刀斫勤，數日乃死。及當攻屯，統曰：「非死無以謝罪。」乃率厲士卒，身當矢石，所次一面，應時披壞，諸將乘勝，遂大破之。還，自拘於軍正。權壯其果毅，使得以功贖罪。

Later, when Sun Quan again campaigned against Jiangxia, Ling Tong led the vanguard. He rode in a single boat with several dozen stalwart soldiers he was close to, always keeping several dozen li ahead of the main army. Entering the Right River, he beheaded Huang Zu’s general Zhang Shuo and captured everyone on the boats. He returned to report this to Sun Quan, who led the army forward at double speed, gathering both by water and by land. At that time Lü Meng defeated Huang Zu’s navy while Ling Tong was first to assault his city, and so they won a great victory. Sun Quan made Ling Tong Chief Commandant Who Carries On Valor. With Zhou Yu and others he resisted and defeated Lord Cao at Wulin, then attacked Cao Ren, and was promoted to Colonel. Though he was with the army, he kept close to worthy men and received scholars well; he made light of wealth and valued righteousness, and had the bearing of a man of national distinction.

後權復征江夏，統爲前鋒，與所厚健兒數十人共乘一船，常去大兵數十里。行入右江，斬黃祖將張碩，盡獲船人。還以白權，引軍兼道，水陸並集。時呂蒙敗其水軍，而統先搏其城，於是大獲。權以統爲承烈都尉，與周瑜等拒破曹公於烏林，遂攻曹仁，遷爲校尉。雖在軍旅，親賢接士，輕財重義，有國士之風。

He also took part in breaking Wan and was appointed General of the Household Who Sweeps Away Bandits, concurrently serving as Chancellor of Pei. With Lü Meng and others he went west and took three commanderies, and on returning from Yiyang he followed the expedition to Hefei as Commander of the Right Division. At that time Sun Quan was withdrawing the army and the vanguard had already set out when the Wei general Zhang Liao and others suddenly descended north of the ford. Sun Quan sent men to call back the forward troops, but they had already gone far and could not arrive in time. Ling Tong led three hundred of his closest men into the encirclement and helped and shielded Sun Quan as he broke out. The enemy had already wrecked the bridge, and only two planks still connected it; Sun Quan whipped on his horse and galloped across, while Ling Tong turned back to fight again. His men were all killed and he himself was wounded, but he killed several dozen of the enemy, and only when he judged that Sun Quan had escaped did he withdraw.

又從破皖，拜盪寇中郎將，領沛相。與呂蒙等西取三郡，反自益陽，從往合肥，爲右部督。時權徹軍，前部已發，魏將張遼等奄至津北。權使追還前兵，兵去已遠，勢不相及，統率親近三百人陷圍，扶扞權出。敵已毀橋，橋之屬者兩版，權策馬驅馳，統復還戰，左右盡死，身亦被創，所殺數十人，度權已免，乃還。

With the bridge broken and the road cut off, Ling Tong made his way stealthily in his armor. Sun Quan, already aboard his boat, was astonished and overjoyed to see him. Ling Tong grieved that none of his close followers had returned and was overcome with sorrow. Sun Quan wiped his tears with his own sleeve and said, “Gongji, the dead are gone. As long as you are here, why worry that we lack men?” He appointed him Lieutenant General and doubled his original troops.

橋敗路絕，統被甲潛行。權旣御船，見之驚喜。統痛親近無反者，悲不自勝。權引袂拭之，謂曰：「公績，亡者已矣，苟使卿在，何患無人？」¹拜偏將軍，倍給本兵。

At that time someone recommended Sheng Xian of the same commandery to Sun Quan, saying that his firm character and great integrity surpassed Ling Tong’s. Sun Quan said, “For now, it will be enough if he is as good as Ling Tong.” Later Sheng Xian was summoned and arrived at night. Ling Tong had already gone to bed, but on hearing of it he straightened his clothes, went out the gate, took Sheng Xian by the hand, and brought him in. Such was his love of good men and freedom from envy.

時有薦同郡盛暹於權者，以爲梗槩大節有過於統，權曰：「且令如統足矣。」後召暹夜至，時統已卧，聞之，攝衣出門，執其手以入。其愛善不害如此。

Ling Tong held that many of the people in the mountains were still sturdy and fierce and could be won over with awe and kindness. Sun Quan had him go east to register them and to subdue them, and ordered the subordinate cities to give Ling Tong whatever he requested first and report it afterward. Ling Tong had always loved his men, and they admired him in turn. He gained more than ten thousand picked troops. Passing through his home county, he entered the gate of the county office on foot, and when he met the senior officials he carried three tablets in the fold of his robe, showing them every courtesy; toward his relatives and old friends his kindness grew ever warmer. When the work was done and he was about to set out, he fell ill and died, at the age of forty-nine.

統以山中人尚多壯悍，可以威恩誘也，權令東占且討之，命勑屬城，凡統所求，皆先給後聞。統素愛士，士亦慕焉。得精兵萬餘人，過本縣，步入寺門，見長吏懷三版，恭敬盡禮，親舊故人，恩意益隆。事畢當出，會病卒，時年四十九。

When Sun Quan heard of it, he struck his couch and sat up, unable to contain his grief. For several days he reduced his meals, and whenever Ling Tong was mentioned he shed tears. He had Zhang Cheng compose an inscription and a eulogy for him.

權聞之，拊牀起坐，哀不能自止，數日減膳，言及流涕，使張承爲作銘誄。

His two sons, Ling Lie and Ling Feng, were each only a few years old. Sun Quan took them into the palace and raised them, loving and treating them just as he did his own sons. When guests came to see him, he would call the boys and show them, saying, “These are my tiger cubs.” When they reached eight or nine, he had Ge Guang teach them to read and had them ride horses once every ten days. Recording Ling Tong’s merits posthumously, he enfeoffed Ling Lie as a Village Marquis and returned his father’s former troops to him. Later Ling Lie was dismissed for an offense, and Ling Feng in turn inherited the rank and commanded the troops.

二子烈、封，年各數歲，權內養於宮，愛待與諸子同，賔客進見，呼示之曰：「此吾虎子也。」及八九歲，令葛光教之讀書，十日一令乘馬，追錄統功，封烈亭侯，還其故兵。後烈有罪免，封復襲爵領兵。¹

Xu Sheng

徐盛

Xu Sheng, courtesy name Wenxiang, was a man of Ju County in Langya. When disorder broke out he took up residence in Wu as a newcomer and became known for his courage. When Sun Quan took charge of affairs, he made him Major of a Separate Command, gave him five hundred troops, and had him serve as acting Chief of Chaisang to resist Huang Zu. Huang Zu’s son Huang She once led several thousand men downriver to attack Xu Sheng. At that time Xu Sheng had fewer than two hundred officers and men, yet he fought back and wounded more than a thousand of Huang She’s officers and men. Then he opened the gates, sallied out to fight, and crushed them.

徐盛字文嚮，琅邪莒人也。遭亂，客居吳，以勇氣聞。孫權統事，以爲別部司馬，授兵五百人，守柴桑長，拒黃祖。祖子射，甞率數千人下攻盛。盛時吏士不滿二百，與相拒擊，傷射吏士千餘人。已乃開門出戰，大破之。

Huang She then vanished and raided no more. Sun Quan made Xu Sheng a Colonel and Magistrate of Wuhu. He again won merit attacking the bandits of Mount Nan'a in Lincheng, and was transferred to General of the Household, commanding the troops of the colonels.

射遂絕迹不復爲寇。權以爲校尉、蕪湖令。復討臨城南阿山賊有功，徙中郎將，督校兵。

When Lord Cao came out to Ruxu, Xu Sheng followed Sun Quan to resist him. Once Wei sent out a large force to Hengjiang, and Xu Sheng went with the other generals to attack it. At that time he was aboard a mengchong assault ship when a violent wind drove the ship under the enemy’s bank. The generals were afraid and none would go out, but Xu Sheng alone led his troops ashore, charged, and cut down the enemy; the enemy broke and fled, and some were killed or wounded. When the wind stopped he returned, and Sun Quan greatly admired him.

曹公出濡須，從權禦之。魏甞大出橫江，盛與諸將俱赴討。時乘蒙衝，遇迅風，船落敵岸下，諸將恐懼，未有出者，盛獨將兵，上突斫敵，敵披退走，有所傷殺，風止便還，權大壯之。

When Sun Quan declared himself a vassal of Wei, Wei sent Xing Zhen to invest Sun Quan as King of Wu. Sun Quan went out to the Capital Pavilion to await Xing Zhen, who wore an arrogant look. Zhang Zhao was already angry, and Xu Sheng, indignant, turned to his colleagues and said, “Because we, Xu Sheng and the rest, have not been able to exert ourselves and risk our lives to annex Xu and Luo and swallow Ba and Shu for our state, our lord must make a covenant with Xing Zhen—is this not a disgrace!” And his tears streamed down. Hearing this, Xing Zhen said to his party, “When the generals and ministers of Jiangdong are like this, they will not long remain beneath anyone.”

及權爲魏稱藩，魏使邢貞拜權爲吳王。權出都亭候貞，貞有驕色，張昭旣怒，而盛忿憤，顧謂同列曰：「盛等不能奮身出命，爲國家并許洛，吞巴蜀，而令吾君與貞盟，不亦辱乎！」因涕泣橫流。貞聞之，謂其旅曰：「江東將相如此，非久下人者也。」

Later he was promoted to General Who Establishes Martial Might and enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village, serving concurrently as Prefect of Lujiang, and was granted Lincheng County as his fief. When Liu Bei halted at Xiling, Xu Sheng attacked and took his various encampments, winning merit wherever he went. When Cao Xiu came out to Dongkou, Xu Sheng crossed the river with Lü Fan and Quan Cong to resist and hold the line. They met a great wind and many of the men on the boats were lost, but Xu Sheng gathered the remaining troops and faced Cao Xiu across the river. Cao Xiu sent troops and officers to attack Xu Sheng’s boats, but Xu Sheng held off the many with the few, the enemy could not prevail, and both sides withdrew their armies. He was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East and enfeoffed as Marquis of Wuhu.

後遷建武將軍，封都亭侯，領廬江太守，賜臨城縣爲奉邑。劉備次西陵，盛攻取諸屯，所向有功。曹休出洞口，盛與呂範、全琮渡江拒守。遭大風，船人多喪，盛收餘兵，與休夾江。休使兵將就船攻盛，盛以少禦多，敵不能克，各引軍退。遷安東將軍，封蕪湖侯。

Later Emperor Wen of Wei came out in great force, intending to cross the river. Xu Sheng proposed a plan to build a wall starting from Jianye, put up fences, set false towers on top of the wall, and float boats in the river. The generals thought it useless, but Xu Sheng would not listen and insisted on building it. When Emperor Wen reached Guangling and gazed at the wall, he was astonished: it stretched for several hundred li, and the river was also running very high, so he withdrew his army. Only then were the generals won over.

後魏文帝大出，有渡江之志，盛建計從建業築圍，作薄落，圍上設假樓，江中浮船。諸將以爲無益，盛不聽，固立之。文帝到廣陵，望圍愕然，彌漫數百里，而江水盛長，便引軍退。諸將乃伏。¹

He died during the Huangwu era. His son Xu Kai inherited his rank and commanded his troops.

黃武中卒。子楷，襲爵領兵。

Pan Zhang

潘璋

Pan Zhang, courtesy name Wengui, was a man of Fagan County in Dong Commandery. When Sun Quan was Chief of Yangxian, Pan Zhang first went to follow him. He was by nature unrestrained and dissolute and fond of drink. Though he lived in poverty, he liked to buy wine on credit, and whenever his creditors came to his door he would say he would repay them later when he was rich. Sun Quan found him remarkable and was fond of him, and had him recruit men; he gained over a hundred, and so Sun Quan made him an officer. He won merit fighting mountain bandits and was appointed Major of a Separate Command. Later he became Inspector of Villainy at the Great Market of Wu, and theft and banditry ceased. This made his name known, and he was promoted to Chief of Xi'an in Yuzhang.

潘璋字文珪，東郡發干人也。孫權爲陽羨長，始往隨權。性博蕩嗜酒，居貧，好賒酤，債家至門，輒言後豪富相還。權奇愛之，因使召募，得百餘人，遂以爲將。討山賊有功，署別部司馬。後爲吳大巿刺姧，盜賊斷絕，由是知名，遷豫章西安長。

While Liu Biao held Jing Province, the people had repeatedly suffered raids, but once Pan Zhang took office the raiders no longer entered the territory. When bandits rose in revolt in the neighboring county of Jianchang, he was transferred to take charge of Jianchang with the added title of Colonel of Martial Ferocity. He subdued and brought order to the lawless people, pacifying them all within a month; he gathered those who had scattered, obtained eight hundred men, and led them back to Jianye.

劉表在荊州，民數被寇，自璋在事，寇不入境。比縣建昌起爲賊亂，轉領建昌，加武猛校尉，討治惡民，旬月盡平，召合遺散，得八百人，將還建業。

During the Hefei campaign, when Zhang Liao suddenly descended, the generals were unprepared. Chen Wu was killed in the fighting, and Song Qian and Xu Sheng both broke and fled. Pan Zhang, who was positioned behind them, at once galloped forward, turned his horse across their path, and beheaded two of Song Qian’s and Xu Sheng’s soldiers who were fleeing, and the soldiers all turned back to fight. Sun Quan greatly admired him and appointed him Lieutenant General; he then took command of a hundred companies and was stationed at Banzhou.

合肥之役，張遼奄至，諸將不備，陳武鬬死，宋謙、徐盛皆披走，璋身次在後，便馳進，橫馬斬謙、盛兵走者二人，兵皆還戰。權甚壯之，拜偏將軍，遂領百校，屯半州。

When Sun Quan campaigned against Guan Yu, Pan Zhang and Zhu Ran cut off Guan Yu’s escape route, reaching Linju and stationing themselves at Jiashi. Pan Zhang’s subordinate, the Major Ma Zhong, captured Guan Yu, along with Guan Yu’s son Guan Ping, the Area Commander Zhao Lei, and others. Sun Quan at once split off the two counties of Wu and Zigui from Yidu to form Guling Commandery, appointed Pan Zhang its Prefect and General Who Spreads Awe, and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Liyang. When Gan Ning died, Pan Zhang also absorbed his army. When Liu Bei came out to Yiling, Pan Zhang joined forces with Lu Xun to resist him. Pan Zhang’s men beheaded Liu Bei’s Protector of the Army Feng Xi and others, and killed or wounded a great many, and Pan Zhang was appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Prefect of Xiangyang.

權征關羽，璋與朱然斷羽走道，到臨沮，住夾石。璋部下司馬馬忠禽羽，并羽子平、都督趙累等。權即分宜都巫、秭歸二縣爲固陵郡，拜璋爲太守、振威將軍，封溧陽侯。甘寧卒，又并其軍。劉備出夷陵，璋與陸遜并力拒之，璋部下斬備護軍馮習等，所殺傷甚衆，拜平北將軍、襄陽太守。

The Wei general Xiahou Shang and others besieged Nan Commandery, detaching thirty thousand men of their vanguard to build a pontoon bridge and cross onto Baili Islet. Zhuge Jin and Yang Can together gathered troops and went to the rescue, but did not know what to do, while the Wei soldiers crossed day after day without end. Pan Zhang said, “Wei’s momentum is just reaching its height and the river is shallow as well; we cannot yet give battle.” He then took the troops under his command fifty li upstream of the Wei forces, cut several million bundles of reeds, and bound them into great rafts, intending to send them downstream on fire to burn and wreck the pontoon bridge.

魏將夏侯尚等圍南郡，分前部三萬人作浮橋，渡百里洲上，諸葛瑾、楊粲並會兵赴救，未知所出，而魏兵日渡不絕。璋曰：「魏勢始盛，江水又淺，未可與戰。」便將所領，到魏上流五十里，伐葦數百萬束，縛作大筏，欲順流放火，燒敗浮橋。

Just as the rafts were finished and they were waiting for the water to rise to send them down, Xiahou Shang withdrew. Pan Zhang went downriver to guard Lukou. When Sun Quan assumed the imperial title, Pan Zhang was appointed General of the Right.

作筏適畢，伺水長當下，尚便引退。璋下備陸口。權稱尊號，拜右將軍。

Pan Zhang was coarse and fierce by nature, but his prohibitions and orders were strictly enforced, and he loved to achieve great deeds. The troops and horses he commanded numbered no more than a few thousand, yet wherever he was it always seemed like ten thousand. Whenever a campaign halted, he would at once set up an army market, and the other armies all relied on it to supply whatever they lacked. But he was extravagant by nature, and this grew worse in his later years, until his clothing and possessions overstepped his station. Some of his officers and soldiers who were wealthy he killed in order to seize their property, and he repeatedly failed to uphold the law. The supervising officials impeached him, but Sun Quan, valuing his merit, each time pardoned him and did not pursue it.

璋爲人麤猛，禁令肅然，好立功業，所領兵馬不過數千，而其所在常如萬人。征伐止頓，便立軍巿，他軍所無，皆仰取足。然性奢泰，末年彌甚，服物僭擬。吏兵富者，或殺取其財物，數不奉法。監司舉奏，權惜其功而輒原不問。

He died in the third year of Jiahe. His son Pan Ping was banished to Kuaiji for bad conduct. Pan Zhang’s wife was allowed to live in Jianye; she was granted fields and a house, and fifty client households were exempted from service for her.

嘉禾三年卒。子平，以無行徙會稽。璋妻居建業，賜田宅，復客五十家。

Ding Feng

丁奉

Ding Feng, courtesy name Chengyuan, was a man of Anfeng County in Lujiang. As a young man he became a junior officer for his valor and served under Gan Ning, Lu Xun, Pan Zhang, and others. He often followed them on campaign and was always foremost in the army in battle. Time and again he beheaded enemy generals and seized their flags, and was wounded in the process. He was gradually promoted to Lieutenant General. When Sun Liang took the throne, he became General Who Leads the Army and was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village.

丁奉字承淵，廬江安豐人也。少以驍勇爲小將，屬甘寧、陸遜、潘璋等。數隨征伐，戰鬬常冠軍。每斬將搴旗，身被創夷。稍遷偏將軍。孫亮即位，爲冠軍將軍，封都亭侯。

Wei sent Zhuge Dan, Hu Zun, and others to attack Dongxing, and Zhuge Ke led an army to resist them. The generals all said, “When the enemy hears that the Grand Tutor has come in person, they are sure to flee as soon as we land.” Ding Feng alone said, “Not so. They have mobilized their whole territory and come in great force with all the troops of Xu and Luo; they must have a settled plan—how would they go back empty-handed? Let us not count on the enemy failing to come, but on our having the means to defeat them.” When Zhuge Ke landed, Ding Feng, together with the generals Tang Zi, Lü Ju, Liu Zan, and others, went up by way of the west of the mountain.

魏遣諸葛誕、胡遵等攻東興，諸葛恪率軍拒之。諸將皆曰：「敵聞太傅自來，上岸必遁走。」奉獨曰：「不然。彼動其境內，悉許、洛兵大舉而來，必有成規，豈虛還哉？無恃敵之不至，恃吾有以勝之。」及恪上岸，奉與將軍唐咨、呂據、留贊等，俱從山西上。

Ding Feng said, “The armies are now advancing slowly. If the enemy seizes the advantageous ground, it will be hard to contend with them.” He then had the other armies make way and step off the road, and led the three thousand men under his banner straight ahead. There was a north wind at the time; Ding Feng raised sail and arrived in two days, and then occupied Xutang. The weather was cold and snowy, and the enemy generals were holding a grand drinking party. Seeing that their vanguard had few troops, Ding Feng said to his men, “Enfeoffment as marquises, ranks, and rewards—today is the day to win them!” He then had his soldiers take off their armor, put on their helmets, and carry short weapons.

奉曰：「今諸軍行遲，若敵據便地，則難與爭鋒矣。」乃辟諸軍使下道，帥麾下三千人徑進。時北風，奉舉帆二日至，遂據徐塘。天寒雪，敵諸將置酒高會，奉見其前部兵少，相謂曰：「取封侯爵賞，正在今日！」乃使兵解鎧著冑，持短兵。

The enemy laughed at them and made no preparations. Ding Feng let his troops loose to cut them down and crushed the enemy’s forward encampment. Just then Lü Ju and the others arrived, and the Wei army collapsed. He was promoted to General Who Exterminates Raiders and advanced in fief to Marquis of a Chief District.

敵人從而笑焉，不爲設備。奉縱兵斫之，大破敵前屯。會據等至，魏軍遂潰。遷滅寇將軍，進封都鄉侯。

When the Wei general Wen Qin came to surrender, Ding Feng was made General of Tiger Might and followed Sun Jun to Shouchun to receive him, and fought the enemy’s pursuing army at Gaoting. Mounted and wielding a spear, Ding Feng charged into their ranks, took several hundred heads, and captured their military equipment. He was advanced in fief to Marquis of Anfeng.

魏將文欽來降，以奉爲虎威將軍，從孫峻至壽春迎之，與敵追軍戰於高亭。奉跨馬持矛，突入其陣中，斬首數百，獲其軍器。進封安豐侯。

In the second year of Taiping, Wei’s Grand General Zhuge Dan held Shouchun and came over in surrender, and the people of Wei besieged him. Zhu Yi, Tang Zi, and others were sent to the rescue, and Ding Feng and Li Fei were also sent to break the siege. Ding Feng led the advance and was stationed at Lijiang; he fought hard and won merit, and was appointed General of the Left.

太平二年，魏大將軍諸葛誕據壽春來降，魏人圍之。遣朱異、唐咨等往救，復使奉與黎斐解圍。奉爲先登，屯於黎漿，力戰有功，拜左將軍。

When Sun Xiu took the throne, he plotted with Zhang Bu to execute Sun Chen. Zhang Bu said, “Though Ding Feng is no hand at official documents, his strategic sense surpasses others’, and he can make decisions on great matters.” Sun Xiu summoned Ding Feng and told him, “Sun Chen holds the power of the state and is about to commit treason. I wish to execute him together with you, General.” Ding Feng said, “The Chancellor’s brothers, friends, and partisans are very numerous, and I fear people’s loyalties are divided, so he cannot be subdued all at once. We can take advantage of the gathering for the La festival and have Your Majesty’s soldiers there to execute him.”

孫休即位，與張布謀，欲誅孫綝，布曰：「丁奉雖不能吏書，而計略過人，能斷大事。」休召奉告曰：「綝秉國威，將行不軌，欲與將軍誅之。」奉曰：「丞相兄弟友黨甚盛，恐人心不同，不可卒制，可因臘會，有陛下兵以誅之也。」

Sun Xiu adopted his plan and invited Sun Chen on the occasion of the gathering, and Ding Feng and Zhang Bu signaled with their eyes to the attendants, who beheaded him. Ding Feng was promoted to Grand General, with the added title of Protector-General of the Left and Right. In the second year of Yong'an, he was granted the Tally and took charge of Xu Province as Governor. In the sixth year, when Wei attacked Shu, Ding Feng led the armies toward Shouchun to create a show of rescuing Shu. When Shu fell, the army returned.

休納其計，因會請綝，奉與張布目左右斬之。遷大將軍，加左右都護。永安二年，假節領徐州牧。六年，魏伐蜀，奉率諸軍向壽春，爲救蜀之勢。蜀亡，軍還。

When Sun Xiu died, Ding Feng, together with the Chancellor Puyang Xing and others, followed Wan Yu’s advice and jointly welcomed and enthroned Sun Hao, and Ding Feng was promoted to Grand Marshal of the Right and Army Instructor of the Left. In the third year of Baoding, Sun Hao ordered Ding Feng and Zhuge Jing to attack Hefei. Ding Feng wrote a letter to the Jin general Shi Bao to sow discord about him, and Shi Bao was recalled because of it. In the first year of Jianheng, Ding Feng again led his forces to fortify Xutang and went on to attack Guyang of Jin. The people of Guyang learned of it and withdrew, so Ding Feng gained nothing.

休薨，奉與丞相濮陽興等從萬彧之言，共迎立孫皓，遷右大司馬左軍師。寶鼎三年，皓命奉與諸葛靚攻合肥。奉與晉大將石苞書，搆而間之，苞以徵還。建衡元年，奉復帥衆治徐塘，因攻晉穀陽。穀陽民知之，引去，奉無所獲。

Sun Hao was enraged and beheaded Ding Feng’s guides. In the third year, Ding Feng died. Being eminent and meritorious, he had gradually grown arrogant, and when someone slandered him, Sun Hao, going back to the earlier campaign, moved Ding Feng’s family to Linchuan. Ding Feng’s younger brother, also named Ding Feng (丁封), rose to the office of General of the Rear and died before his elder brother.

皓怒，斬奉導軍。三年，卒。奉貴而有功，漸以驕矜，或有毀之者，皓追以前出軍事，徙奉家於臨川。奉弟封，官至後將軍，先奉死。

Appraisal

評

Appraisal: All these generals were tiger-like servants of Jiangbiao, men whom the Sun family treated generously. Even with Pan Zhang’s lack of self-discipline, Sun Quan could forget his faults and remember his merits—fitting indeed that he held and secured the southeast! Chen Biao, a secondary son of a general’s family, flew wing to wing and stood level with the sons of the great and men of renown, rising above the crowd and excelling his peers—is that not admirable!

評曰：凡此諸將，皆江表之虎臣，孫氏之所厚待也。以潘璋之不脩，權能忘過記功，其保據東南，宜哉！陳表將家支庶，而與胄子名人比翼齊衡，拔萃出類，不亦美乎！