Xing Zhen 邢貞
| Occupation | ROfficial · Minister of Ceremonies NOfficial · Minister of Ceremonies | Faction | Wei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R6 |
Profile
Xing Zhen was an official of Wei. When the state of Wei was first established, as Capital Commandant (zhongwei) he quarreled over ceremonial precedence with Cheng Yu, the Minister of the Guards. In the 2nd year of Huangchu (221), as Minister of Ceremonies, he went to Wu bearing the imperial tally, appointed Sun Quan General-in-Chief, enfeoffed him as King of Wu and granted him the Nine Bestowments. The edict included in the Biography of the Lord of Wu describes him as Envoy Bearing the Tally, Minister of Ceremonies and Marquis of Gaoping. Records, Wei 14 §20Records, Wei 2 §21 · 27Records, Wu 2 §35
On this occasion, when Xing Zhen passed through the gate without getting down from his carriage, Zhang Zhao rebuked him, and when Xing Zhen showed an arrogant manner, Xu Sheng was indignant and shed tears. Xing Zhen said that the generals and ministers of Jiangdong were not men who would long remain beneath others. He has no biography of his own in Chen Shou's main text. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 82 of the 120 chapters, and his name is not in its chapter title; he is portrayed as the Wei envoy who goes to enfeoff Sun Quan as King of Wu. Records, Wu 7 §7–8Records, Wu 10 §84Romance, Ch. 82 §12 · 16–18
In the Records
According to the account of Cheng Yu in the Biographies of Cheng, Guo, Dong, Liu, Jiang and Liu in Records of Wei 14, Cheng Yu was hard and fierce by nature and often at odds with others. When the state of Wei was established, Cheng Yu became Minister of the Guards, but he was dismissed after quarreling over ceremonial precedence with the Capital Commandant Xing Zhen. Cheng Yu became Minister of the Guards again after Emperor Wen took the throne. Records, Wei 14 §20
According to the Annals of Emperor Wen in Records of Wei 2, in the autumn, in the 8th month of the 2nd year of Huangchu (221), Sun Quan sent an envoy to present a memorial and also sent back Yu Jin and others. On the day dingsi, Cao Pi sent the Minister of Ceremonies Xing Zhen bearing the imperial tally to appoint Sun Quan General-in-Chief, enfeoff him as King of Wu and grant him the Nine Bestowments. Records, Wei 2 §21 · 27
The Biography of the Lord of Wu in Records of Wu 2 says that after Emperor Wen of Wei took the throne, Sun Quan sent envoys declaring himself a vassal and sent back Yu Jin and others, and it includes the edict of the 11th month. The edict, enfeoffing Sun Quan as King of Wu, said that it sent Xing Zhen, Envoy Bearing the Tally, Minister of Ceremonies and Marquis of Gaoping, to give him the seal and ribbon, the patent of appointment, Gold Tiger Tallies Nos. 1 to 5 and the left halves of the Bamboo Envoy Tallies Nos. 1 to 10, and made him, as General-in-Chief bearing the tally, supervise Jiao Province and concurrently handle the affairs of Governor of Jing Province. It then had him return the seal and ribbon, tally and patent of his former posts of General of Agile Cavalry and Marquis of Nanchang, and granted him the Nine Bestowments. Records, Wu 2 §32–33 · 35–36
According to the account of Zhang Zhao in the Biographies of Zhang, Gu, Zhuge and Bu in Records of Wu 7, in the 2nd year of Huangchu of Wei the envoy Xing Zhen was sent to appoint Sun Quan King of Wu, and Xing Zhen passed through the gate without getting down from his carriage. When Zhang Zhao said to Xing Zhen that the law is carried out without exception precisely because the rites admit no disrespect, and asked whether he dared to exalt himself because he thought Jiangnan was small and weak and had not even an inch of blade, Xing Zhen at once hastily got down from his carriage. Records, Wu 7 §7–8
According to the account of Xu Sheng in the Biographies of Cheng, Huang, Han, Jiang, Zhou, Chen, Dong, Gan, Ling, Xu, Pan and Ding in Records of Wu 10, when Sun Quan went out to the Duting pavilion to receive Xing Zhen, Xing Zhen showed an arrogant manner. Zhang Zhao was already angry, and Xu Sheng too, indignant, turned to his colleagues and said that they had failed to exert themselves and risk their lives to annex Xu and Luo and swallow Ba and Shu for the state, and had made their lord enter into a covenant with Xing Zhen, and asked whether this was not a disgrace, with tears streaming down his face. Hearing this, Xing Zhen told his party that since the generals and ministers of Jiangdong were like this, they were not men who would long remain beneath others. Records, Wu 10 §84
The Biography of the Lord of Wu records that in the same year Sun Quan sent the Chief Commandant Zhao Zi as envoy to Wei, and that the Wei emperor asked what kind of sovereign the King of Wu was. Chen Shou's main text does not record Xing Zhen's courtesy name, place of origin or death. Records, Wu 2 §39Records, Wei 14 §20Records, Wei 2 §27Records, Wu 7 §7–8Records, Wu 10 §84
In the Romance
In Chapter 82 of the Romance, when the Shu army invades, Sun Quan follows the plan of the Palace Grandee Zhao Zi, writes a memorial declaring himself a subject and sends him to Wei. Before Cao Pi, Zhao Zi calls Sun Quan a sovereign intelligent and clear-sighted, benevolent and wise, of grand ambition and strategy, and answers without hesitation, and Cao Pi exclaims that the saying about one who goes as envoy to the four quarters without disgracing his ruler's command fits him. Cao Pi then at once issues an edict ordering the Minister of Ceremonies Xing Zhen to take the patent of appointment, enfeoff Sun Quan as King of Wu and grant him the Nine Bestowments. Romance, Ch. 82 §8–12
The Grandee Liu Ye remonstrates that Sun Quan has asked to surrender because he fears the might of the Shu army, so Wu should be attacked now, and that granting him the rank of king would be like giving wings to a tiger, but Cao Pi dismisses this, saying that he will watch Wu and Shu fight each other. Cao Pi finally has Xing Zhen, together with Zhao Zi, carry the patent and the Nine Bestowments straight to Eastern Wu. Romance, Ch. 82 §13–15
Despite Gu Yong's remonstrance that he should not accept a title from the Wei emperor, Sun Quan says that the Duke of Pei too accepted a title from Xiang Yu, and leads the officials out of the city to welcome the envoy. Xing Zhen, relying on his status as envoy of the Son of Heaven from the superior state, does not get down from his carriage even after passing through the gate. When Zhang Zhao, in a great rage, rebukes him, saying that the rites admit no disrespect and the law admits no laxity, so how dare he give himself airs, Xing Zhen hastily gets down from his carriage, greets Sun Quan and enters the city with their carriages side by side. Romance, Ch. 82 §16–17
Just then Xu Sheng wails aloud behind the carriage, saying that they have failed to exert themselves and risk their lives to annex Wei and swallow Shu for their lord, and have made their lord accept a title from another, and asks whether this is not a disgrace. Hearing this, Xing Zhen sighs that since the generals and ministers of Jiangdong are like this, they will never long remain beneath others. After receiving the title, Sun Quan has fine jade, bright pearls and other treasures sent as thanks for the favor. Romance, Ch. 82 §17–18
Where the Romance differs
Zhao Zi's mission: In Chapter 82 of the Romance, Cao Pi, impressed by Zhao Zi's answers at the audience where he presents the memorial, sends Xing Zhen, and Xing Zhen goes to Eastern Wu together with Zhao Zi. In the Biography of the Lord of Wu in the Records, after Sun Quan was enfeoffed as King of Wu he sent the Chief Commandant Zhao Zi as envoy to Wei in the same year, and the Wei emperor asked what kind of sovereign the King of Wu was. There is no statement that Xing Zhen went together with Zhao Zi. Romance, Ch. 82 §12 · 15Records, Wu 2 §35 · 39
Why Xing Zhen was sent: In Chapter 82 of the Romance, Cao Pi, impressed by Zhao Zi's answers, at once issues the edict. The Annals of Emperor Wen in the Records record that when Sun Quan sent an envoy to present a memorial and sent back Yu Jin and others, Xing Zhen was sent on the day dingsi. Romance, Ch. 82 §12Records, Wei 2 §27
Title: Chapter 82 of the Romance calls him 'Taichang qing (Minister of Ceremonies) Xing Zhen'. The Annals of Emperor Wen in the Records write 'Taichang (Minister of Ceremonies) Xing Zhen', and the edict in the Biography of the Lord of Wu writes 'Envoy Bearing the Tally, Minister of Ceremonies and Marquis of Gaoping'. Romance, Ch. 82 §12Records, Wei 2 §27Records, Wu 2 §35
Not getting down from his carriage: Chapter 82 of the Romance adds the reason that Xing Zhen, relying on his status as envoy of the Son of Heaven from the superior state, does not get down from his carriage even after passing through the gate. The account of Zhang Zhao in the Records says only that Xing Zhen passed through the gate without getting down from his carriage, and the account of Xu Sheng records that Xing Zhen showed an arrogant manner. The place where Sun Quan received Xing Zhen is outside the city in the Romance and the Duting pavilion in the account of Xu Sheng. Romance, Ch. 82 §16Records, Wu 7 §7Records, Wu 10 §84
Xu Sheng's words: In Chapter 82 of the Romance, Xu Sheng wails aloud behind the carriage, saying that they failed to annex Wei and swallow Shu and so made their lord accept a title from another. In the account of Xu Sheng in the Records, Xu Sheng turns to his colleagues and says that they failed to annex Xu and Luo and swallow Ba and Shu and so made their lord enter into a covenant with Xing Zhen, and sheds tears. Xing Zhen's remark is a sigh in the Romance, and in the Records it is something he said to his party. Romance, Ch. 82 §17–18Records, Wu 10 §84
His time as Capital Commandant: The account of Cheng Yu in the Records includes the episode in which, when the state of Wei was established, the Capital Commandant Xing Zhen quarreled over ceremonial precedence with Cheng Yu, the Minister of the Guards, and Cheng Yu was dismissed. In the Romance, Xing Zhen appears only in Chapter 82, and this episode does not occur. Records, Wei 14 §20Romance, Ch. 82 §12
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
- LEA3533−2
- STR3131±0
- INT5555±0
- POL4842−6
- CHA3838±0
- VIR3838±0
- ADP4545±0
- SCH4542−3
- DIP4242±0
- DIS4038−2
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.
10 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Minister of Ceremonies and envoyWei 2 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Minister of Ceremonies and envoyCh. 82 §15
RNo direct record — estimated from his civil postWei 2 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his civil postCh. 82 §15
RHearing Xu Sheng weep, judged that Jiangdong would not long remain beneath othersWu 10 §84
NHearing Xu Sheng's words, sighed that Jiangdong would not long remain beneath othersCh. 82 §18
RNo direct record — estimated from his service as Capital Commandant and Minister of CeremoniesWei 2 §27Wei 14 §20
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 82 §12
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as envoyWei 2 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as envoyCh. 82 §16
REntering Wu, did not get down from his carriage and showed an arrogant mannerWu 7 §7Wu 10 §84
NRelying on being the superior state's envoy, did not get down from his carriage even after passing through the gateCh. 82 §16Ch. 82 §17
RHastily got down from his carriage when Zhang Zhao rebuked himWu 7 §7Wu 7 §8
NHastily got down from his carriage and greeted Sun Quan when Zhang Zhao rebuked himCh. 82 §17
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of Ceremonies, in charge of ritesWei 2 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 82 §12
RInvested Sun Quan as King of Wu bearing the imperial tally, but was rebuked by Zhang Zhao over the ritesWei 2 §27Wu 7 §7
NCarried the patent and the Nine Bestowments to Wu, but was rebuked for his arroganceCh. 82 §15Ch. 82 §17
RNo direct record — estimated from his official careerWei 2 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as envoyCh. 82 §15
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (1)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Wei · Romance · Romance ch. 82 「命太常卿邢贞赍册封孙权为吴王」 · Q124413201
Related events (1)
- Sun Quan Submits to Wei and Receives the Nine Bestowments 221 · Appears (Romance scene)
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).