Records of Wei 17: Biographies of Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Yu Jin, Zhang He and Xu Huang

Records of Wei 17: Biographies of Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Yu Jin, Zhang He and Xu Huang

Zhang Liao

張遼

Zhang Liao, courtesy name Wenyuan, was a man of Mayi County in Yanmen Commandery. He was originally a descendant of Nie Yi, but his family had changed their surname to escape a feud. As a young man he became a commandery clerk. At the end of the Han, Ding Yuan, the Inspector of Bing Province, summoned Zhang Liao as an Assistant Officer because his martial strength surpassed other men's, and sent him with troops to the capital. He Jin sent him north of the Yellow River to recruit soldiers, and he gathered over a thousand men. When he returned, He Jin had fallen, so he and his troops came under Dong Zhuo. When Dong Zhuo fell, he and his troops came under Lü Bu, and he was promoted to Chief Commandant of Cavalry.

張遼字文遠，雁門馬邑人也。本聶壹之後，以避怨變姓。少爲郡吏。漢末，并州刺史丁原以遼武力過人，召爲從事，使將兵詣京都。何進遣詣河北募兵，得千餘人。還，進敗，以兵屬董卓。卓敗，以兵屬呂布，遷騎都尉。

When Lü Bu was defeated by Li Jue, Zhang Liao followed Lü Bu in his flight east to Xu Province and served concurrently as Chancellor of Lu; he was then twenty-eight years old. When Taizu defeated Lü Bu at Xiapi, Zhang Liao surrendered with his men. He was appointed General of the Household and granted the rank of Marquis Within the Pass. He won merit in battle many times and was promoted to Deputy General. After Yuan Shao was defeated, Zhang Liao was sent separately to pacify the counties of Lu. With Xiahou Yuan he besieged Chang Xi in Donghai. After several months their grain ran out, and there was talk of withdrawing the army. Zhang Liao said to Xiahou Yuan, “For the past several days, each time I have made the rounds of the siege lines, Chang Xi has kept fixing his eyes on me.

布爲李傕所敗，從布東奔徐州，領魯相，時年二十八。太祖破呂布於下邳，遼將其衆降，拜中郎將，賜爵關內侯。數有戰功，遷裨將軍。袁紹破，別遣遼定魯國諸縣。與夏侯淵圍昌豨於東海，數月糧盡，議引軍還，遼謂淵曰：「數日已來，每行諸圍，豨輒屬目視遼。

Moreover, the arrows they shoot at us have grown ever sparser. This must mean that Chang Xi is wavering in his plans, and so he is not fighting hard. I would like to lure him into talking with me. Perhaps he can be won over?” So he sent a man to say to Chang Xi, “Lord Cao has issued a command and has had me, Zhang Liao, convey it.” Chang Xi did indeed come down and talk with Zhang Liao. Zhang Liao persuaded him, saying, “Taizu is divinely martial and is now winning over the four quarters by his virtue. Those who submit first will receive great rewards.” Chang Xi then agreed to surrender. Zhang Liao thereupon went alone up Sangong Mountain, entered Chang Xi's home, and paid his respects to his wife and children.

又其射矢更稀，此必豨計猶豫，故不力戰。遼欲挑與語，儻可誘也？」乃使謂豨曰：「公有命，使遼傳之。」豨果下與遼語，遼爲説「太祖神武，方以德懷四方，先附者受大賞。」豨乃許降。遼遂單身上三公山，入豨家，拜妻子。

Chang Xi was delighted and went with him to see Taizu. Taizu sent Chang Xi back and rebuked Zhang Liao, saying, “This is no way for a great general to behave.” Zhang Liao apologized and said, “Because Your Excellency's majesty and good faith are renowned throughout the four seas, and because I was carrying out your sacred orders, I knew Chang Xi would not dare to harm me.” He followed Taizu in attacking Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang at Liyang, won merit, and became acting General of the Firm Core. He followed Taizu in attacking Yuan Shang at Ye, but Yuan Shang held firm and the city did not fall. When Taizu returned to Xu, he had Zhang Liao and Yue Jin take Yinan and move its people south of the Yellow River.

豨歡喜，隨詣太祖。太祖遣豨還，責遼曰：「此非大將法也。」遼謝曰：「以明公威信著於四海，遼奉聖旨，豨必不敢害故也。」從討袁譚、袁尙於黎陽，有功，行中堅將軍。從攻尙於鄴，尙堅守不下。太祖還許，使遼與樂進拔陰安，徙其民河南。

He again followed Taizu in attacking Ye. When Ye fell, Zhang Liao separately overran Zhao and Changshan, and induced the various bandits along the mountains, as well as Sun Qing and others of the Black Mountain, to surrender. He followed Taizu in attacking Yuan Tan. When Yuan Tan was defeated, he led a separate force to overrun the coast and crushed the Liaodong bandit Liu Yi and others. When he returned to Ye, Taizu came out in person to welcome Zhang Liao, drew him up to ride in the same carriage, and made him General Who Sweeps Away Bandits. He again struck Jing Province separately and pacified the counties of Jiangxia. He came back and garrisoned Linying, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Capital Neighborhood. He followed Taizu on the campaign against Yuan Shang at Liucheng, where they suddenly ran into the barbarians. Zhang Liao urged Taizu to give battle, and his spirit was so fierce that Taizu admired it and handed Zhang Liao the command banner he himself was holding. They then attacked and routed the enemy, and beheaded the chanyu Tadun.

復從攻鄴，鄴破，遼別徇趙國、常山，招降緣山諸賊及黑山孫輕等。從攻袁譚，譚破，別將徇海濱，破遼東賊柳毅等。還鄴，太祖自出迎遼，引共載，以遼爲蕩寇將軍。復別擊荊州，定江夏諸縣，還屯臨潁，封都亭侯。從征袁尙於柳城，卒與虜遇，遼勸太祖戰，氣甚奮，太祖壯之，自以所持麾授遼。遂擊，大破之，斬單于蹋頓。¹

At this time Jing Province had not yet been pacified, so Zhang Liao was sent again to garrison Changshe. As they were about to set out, some men in the army plotted a mutiny. In the night alarm broke out, fires were set, and the whole army was in an uproar. Zhang Liao said to those around him, “Do not move. The entire camp has not rebelled. There must be some troublemakers who want to throw everyone into confusion, that is all.” He then ordered the army that those who were not in rebellion should sit quietly where they were. Zhang Liao, with several dozen of his personal guards, stood in the middle of the camp. After a while things settled down, and he at once seized the ringleader and killed him.

時荊州未定，復遣遼屯長社。臨發，軍中有謀反者，夜驚亂起火，一軍盡擾。遼謂左右曰：「勿動。是不一營盡反，必有造變者，欲以動亂人耳。」乃令軍中，其不反者安坐。遼將親兵數十人，中陳而立。有頃定，即得首謀者殺之。

When Chen Lan and Mei Cheng rebelled with the six counties of Di, Taizu sent Yu Jin, Zang Ba and others to attack Mei Cheng, and had Zhang Liao direct Zhang He, Niu Gai and others in attacking Chen Lan. Mei Cheng pretended to surrender to Yu Jin, and Yu Jin went back. Mei Cheng then took his followers to join Chen Lan, and they moved into Mount Qian. In the Qian region stands Mount Tianzhu, high and steep for more than twenty li; its paths were dangerous and narrow, with barely a footpath getting through, and Chen Lan and the others fortified themselves on top. When Zhang Liao wanted to advance, his generals said, “Our troops are few and the road is dangerous. It will be hard to push deep into the mountains.”

陳蘭、梅成以氐六縣叛，太祖遣于禁、臧霸等討成，遼督張郃、牛蓋等討蘭。成僞降禁，禁還。成遂將其衆就蘭，轉入灊山。灊中有天柱山，高峻二十餘里，道險狹，步徑裁通，蘭等壁其上。遼欲進，諸將曰：「兵少道險，難用深入。」

Zhang Liao said, “This is what is meant by ‘one against one, the brave man gets ahead.’” He advanced to the foot of the mountain, pitched camp and attacked, beheading Chen Lan and Mei Cheng and capturing all their followers. When Taizu assessed the generals' merits, he said, “Climbing the heavenly mountain and treading the steep heights to take Chen Lan and Mei Cheng was the achievement of the General Who Sweeps Away Bandits.” He increased Zhang Liao's fief and granted him the tally of authority.

遼曰：「此所謂一與一，勇者得前耳。」遂進到山下安營，攻之，斬蘭成首，盡虜其衆。太祖論諸將功，曰：「登天山，履峻險，以取蘭成，蕩寇功也。」增邑，假節。

After Taizu returned from his campaign against Sun Quan, he had Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Li Dian and others garrison Hefei with over seven thousand men. When Taizu set out against Zhang Lu, he gave a directive to the Protector of the Army Xue Ti, writing on the edge of its case: “Open when the enemy arrives.” Soon after, Sun Quan besieged Hefei with a hundred thousand men, and together they opened the directive. It said: “If Sun Quan arrives, Generals Zhang and Li are to go out and fight. General Yue is to guard the Protector of the Army and must not join the fighting.” All the generals were puzzled.

太祖旣征孫權還，使遼與樂進、李典等將七千餘人屯合肥。太祖征張魯，教與護軍薛悌，署函邊曰「賊至乃發」。俄而權率十萬衆圍合肥，乃共發教，教曰：「若孫權至者，張李將軍出戰；樂將軍守護軍，勿得與戰。」諸將皆疑。

Zhang Liao said, “The Duke is far away on campaign. By the time relief arrives, they will certainly have destroyed us. That is why the directive tells us to strike them before their encirclement is complete, and break their rising momentum so as to steady our men's hearts; only then can we hold. Success or failure turns on this one battle. What do you gentlemen doubt?” Li Dian also agreed with Zhang Liao. So that night Zhang Liao called for men bold enough to follow him and got eight hundred. He slaughtered oxen to feast the officers and men, and the next day they fought a great battle. At dawn Zhang Liao put on his armor, took up his halberd, and was first to break into the enemy lines, killing several dozen men and beheading two officers. Shouting his own name at the top of his voice, he charged through the ramparts and reached the foot of Sun Quan's banner.

遼曰：「公遠征在外，比救至，彼破我必矣。是以教指及其未合逆擊之，折其盛勢，以安衆心，然後可守也。成敗之機，在此一戰，諸君何疑？」李典亦與遼同。於是遼夜募敢從之士，得八百人，椎牛饗將士，明日大戰。平旦，遼被甲持戟，先登陷陳，殺數十人，斬二將，大呼自名，衝壘入，至權麾下。

Sun Quan was greatly alarmed, and his men did not know what to do. He fled up onto a high mound and defended himself with a long halberd. Zhang Liao shouted at Sun Quan to come down and fight, but Sun Quan did not dare to move. Then, seeing how few men Zhang Liao had with him, Sun Quan gathered his troops and surrounded Zhang Liao several layers deep. Zhang Liao cut at the encirclement to left and right and drove straight ahead in a furious attack. The ring broke open, and Zhang Liao got out with several dozen of his own men. The rest cried out, “General, are you abandoning us?” Zhang Liao went back again, broke through the encirclement, and brought out the rest of his men. Sun Quan's men and horses were all swept aside, and none dared stand against him.

權大驚，衆不知所爲，走登高冢，以長戟自守。遼叱權下戰，權不敢動，望見遼所將衆少，乃聚圍遼數重。遼左右麾圍，直前急擊，圍開，遼將麾下數十人得出，餘衆號呼曰：「將軍棄我乎！」遼復還突圍，拔出餘衆。權人馬皆披靡，無敢當者。

From dawn they fought until midday, and the men of Wu lost heart. Zhang Liao's side went back and put their defenses in order; the men's hearts were at last at ease, and all the generals were won over. Sun Quan besieged Hefei for more than ten days, but could not take the city, so he withdrew. Zhang Liao led the armies in pursuit and very nearly captured Sun Quan. Taizu greatly admired Zhang Liao and appointed him General Who Conquers the East. In the twenty-first year of Jian'an, Taizu again campaigned against Sun Quan. On reaching Hefei, he went round the places where Zhang Liao had fought and sighed for a long time. He then increased Zhang Liao's troops, left many armies there, and moved him to garrison Juchao.

自旦戰至日中，吳人奪氣，還修守備，衆心乃安，諸將咸服。權守合肥十餘日，城不可拔，乃引退。遼率諸軍追擊，幾復獲權。太祖大壯遼，拜征東將軍。¹建安二十一年，太祖復征孫權，到合肥，循行遼戰處，嘆息者良久。乃增遼兵，多留諸軍，徙屯居巢。

When Guan Yu besieged Cao Ren at Fancheng, Sun Quan happened to declare himself a vassal, so Zhang Liao and the other armies were all summoned back to relieve Cao Ren. Before Zhang Liao arrived, Xu Huang had already defeated Guan Yu and the siege of Cao Ren was lifted. Zhang Liao met Taizu at Mobei. When Zhang Liao's army arrived, Taizu rode out in his hand-drawn carriage to greet and reward him, and Zhang Liao went back to garrison Chen Commandery. When Emperor Wen took the throne as King, Zhang Liao was transferred to General of the Front. His elder brother Zhang Fan and one of his sons were given separate fiefs as full marquises. When Sun Quan rebelled again, Zhang Liao was sent back to garrison Hefei, and his rank was raised to Marquis of a Chief District.

關羽圍曹仁於樊，會權稱籓，召遼及諸軍悉還救仁。遼未至，徐晃已破關羽，仁圍解。遼與太祖會摩陂。遼軍至，太祖乘輦出勞之，還屯陳郡。文帝即王位，轉前將軍。¹分封兄汎及一子列侯。孫權復叛，遣遼還屯合肥，進遼爵都鄕侯。

His mother was given a carriage, and troops and horses were provided to escort Zhang Liao's family to his post. It was ordered that when his mother arrived, Zhang Liao should go out to meet her with an escort and attendants. The officers and officials of all the armies under his command lined the road and bowed, and those who watched thought it a great honor. When Emperor Wen ascended the imperial throne, he enfeoffed Zhang Liao as Marquis of Jinyang and added a thousand households to his fief, making twenty-six hundred households in all. In the second year of Huangchu, Zhang Liao came to court at the palace in Luoyang. Emperor Wen received him in the Jianshi Hall and asked him in person how he had defeated Wu. The Emperor sighed, turned to those around him, and said, “This man too is a Shao Hu of old.”

給遼母輿車，及兵馬送遼家詣屯，敕遼母至，導從出迎。所督諸軍將吏皆羅拜道側，觀者榮之。文帝踐阼，封晉陽侯，增邑千戸，並前二千六百戸。黃初二年，遼朝洛陽宮，文帝引遼會建始殿，親問破吳意狀。帝嘆息顧左右曰：「此亦古之召虎也。」

A mansion was built for him, and a hall was specially built for his mother. The foot soldiers who had answered his call for volunteers and followed him in defeating the Wu army were all made Rapid as Tigers guards. Sun Quan again declared himself a vassal. Zhang Liao went back to garrison Yongqiu, where he fell ill. The Emperor sent the Palace Attendant Liu Ye with the imperial physicians to examine him, and Rapid as Tigers guards sent to ask after his condition followed one after another along the road. When his illness did not improve, the Emperor brought Zhang Liao to his traveling residence, came in person in his carriage, took him by the hand, and gave him a robe of his own; and the Grand Provisioner sent him food from the imperial table every day.

爲起第舍，又特爲遼母作殿，以遼所從破吳軍應募步卒，皆爲虎賁。孫權復稱籓。遼還屯雍丘，得疾。帝遣侍中劉曄將太醫視疾，虎賁問消息，道路相屬。疾未瘳，帝迎遼就行在所，車駕親臨，執其手，賜以御衣，太官日送御食。

When he had recovered a little, he returned to his post. Sun Quan rebelled again, and the Emperor sent Zhang Liao by boat with Cao Xiu to Hailing, to face the Yangtze. Sun Quan feared him greatly and ordered his generals, “Though Zhang Liao is ill, he cannot be withstood. Be careful!” That year Zhang Liao and the other generals defeated Sun Quan's general Lü Fan. Zhang Liao's illness grew grave, and he died at Jiangdu. The Emperor wept for him and gave him the posthumous name Marquis Gang. His son Zhang Hu succeeded him. In the sixth year, the Emperor, recalling what Zhang Liao and Li Dian had achieved at Hefei, issued an edict: “In the battle of Hefei, Zhang Liao and Li Dian with eight hundred foot soldiers defeated a hundred thousand of the enemy. Since ancient times, in all the history of warfare, such a thing has never happened.

疾小差，還屯。孫權復叛，帝遣遼乘舟，與曹休至海陵，臨江。權甚憚焉，敕諸將：「張遼雖病，不可當也，愼之！」是歳，遼與諸將破權將呂範。遼病篤，遂薨於江都。帝爲流涕，諡曰剛侯。子虎嗣。六年，帝追念遼典在合肥之功，詔曰：「合肥之役，遼典以步卒八百，破賊十萬，自古用兵，未之有也。

It has left the enemy disheartened to this day. They may truly be called the claws and fangs of the state. Let a hundred households be divided from the fiefs of Zhang Liao and of Li Dian, and let one son of each be granted the rank of Marquis Within the Pass.” Zhang Hu became Lieutenant General and died. His son Zhang Tong succeeded him.

使賊至今奪氣，可謂國之爪牙矣。其分遼典邑各百戸，賜一子爵關內侯。」虎爲偏將軍，薨。子統嗣。

Yue Jin

樂進

Yue Jin, courtesy name Wenqian, was a man of Weiguo County in Yangping Commandery. He was small in stature, but for his boldness and fierce spirit he followed Taizu and became an aide at his headquarters. He was sent back to his home commandery to recruit troops and gathered over a thousand men, and on his return became Acting Major of the Army and Commandant Who Breaks Formations. He followed Taizu in attacking Lü Bu at Puyang, Zhang Chao at Yongqiu and Qiao Rui at Ku; in each he was first up the walls and won merit, and he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangchang Neighborhood. He followed Taizu in campaigning against Zhang Xiu at Anzhong and in besieging Lü Bu at Xiapi, where he defeated a subordinate commander; he attacked Sui Gu at Shequan and Liu Bei at Pei, and defeated them all. He was appointed Colonel Who Punishes Bandits.

樂進字文謙，陽平衞國人也。容貌短小，以膽烈從太祖，爲帳下吏。遣還本郡募兵，得千餘人，還爲軍假司馬、陷陳都尉。從擊呂布於濮陽，張超於雍丘，橋蕤於苦，皆先登有功，封廣昌亭侯。從征張繡於安衆，圍呂布於下邳，破別將，擊眭固於射犬，攻劉備於沛，皆破之，拜討寇校尉。

He crossed the Yellow River and attacked Huojia. After returning, he followed Taizu in attacking Yuan Shao at Guandu, fought hard, and beheaded Yuan Shao's general Chunyu Qiong. He followed Taizu in attacking Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang at Liyang, beheaded their senior general Yan Jing, and became acting General of Roaming Cavalry. He attacked the Yellow Turbans separately, defeated them, and pacified Lean Commandery. He followed Taizu in besieging Ye. When Ye was taken, he followed Taizu in attacking Yuan Tan at Nanpi, where he was first over the walls and entered by Yuan Tan's east gate. When Yuan Tan was defeated, he separately attacked Yongnu and took it. In the eleventh year of Jian'an, Taizu memorialized the Emperor of Han, praising Yue Jin together with Yu Jin and Zhang Liao: “Their martial strength is great and their plans are thorough and complete. They are loyal by nature and steadfast in character, holding firmly to integrity and duty. Whenever they go into battle or attack, they always lead from the front. They charge fiercely into strong positions, and there is no stronghold they cannot take. They take up the drumsticks themselves and beat the drums, and their hands never tire.

渡河攻獲嘉，還，從擊袁紹於官渡，力戰，斬紹將淳于瓊。從擊譚尙於黎陽，斬其大將嚴敬，行遊擊將軍。別擊黃巾，破之，定樂安郡。從圍鄴，鄴定，從擊袁譚於南皮，先登，入譚東門。譚敗，別攻雍奴，破之。建安十一年，太祖表漢帝，稱進及于禁、張遼曰：「武力旣弘，計略周備，質忠性一，守執節義，每臨戰攻，常爲督率，奮強突固，無堅不陷，自援枹鼓，手不知倦。

Moreover, when sent out on separate campaigns they command their armies well: when they care for their men there is harmony, they carry out orders without transgression, and when facing the enemy they make decisions without a single lapse. In weighing their merits and recording their services, each deserves to be distinguished with favor.” Thereupon Yu Jin was made General of Tigerish Might, Yue Jin General Who Breaks Assaults, and Zhang Liao General Who Sweeps Away Bandits.

又遣別征，統御師旅，撫衆則和，奉令無犯，當敵制決，靡有遺失。論功紀用，宜各顯寵。」於是禁爲虎威；進，折衝；遼，蕩寇將軍。

Yue Jin campaigned separately against Gao Gan. He entered Shangdang by the northern road and circled around to come out behind him. Gao Gan and the others went back to hold Huguan, and Yue Jin fought them repeatedly, taking many heads. Gao Gan held firm and the place did not fall until Taizu came to campaign in person, and then it was taken. When Taizu campaigned against Guan Cheng and stationed his army at Chunyu, he sent Yue Jin and Li Dian to attack him. Guan Cheng was defeated and fled, escaping to an island in the sea, and the coast was pacified. Since Jing Province had not yet submitted, Yue Jin was sent to garrison Yangdi. Later he followed Taizu in pacifying Jing Province and stayed behind to garrison Xiangyang. He attacked Guan Yu, Su Fei and others and put them all to flight, and the Man and Yi tribes of the mountains and valleys in the counties of Nan Commandery came to Yue Jin and surrendered.

進別征高幹，從北道入上黨，回出其後。幹等還守壺關，連戰斬首。幹堅守未下，會太祖自征之，乃拔。太祖征管承，軍淳于，遣進與李典擊之。承破走，逃入海島，海濱平，荊州未服，遣屯陽翟。後從平荊州，留屯襄陽，擊關羽、蘇非等，皆走之，南郡諸縣山谷蠻夷詣進降。

He also attacked Liu Bei's Chief of Linju, Du Pu, and Chief of Jingyang, Liang Da, and crushed them both. Later he followed Taizu on the campaign against Sun Quan, and Yue Jin was granted the tally of authority. When Taizu went back, he left Yue Jin with Zhang Liao and Li Dian to garrison Hefei, and increased his fief by five hundred households, making twelve hundred households in all. Because Yue Jin had won merit many times, five hundred households were divided off and one of his sons was enfeoffed as a full marquis. Yue Jin was promoted to General of the Right. He died in the twenty-third year of Jian'an and was given the posthumous name Marquis Wei.

又討劉備臨沮長杜普、旌陽長梁大，皆大破之。後從征孫權，假進節。太祖還，留進與張遼、李典屯合肥，增邑五百，並前凡千二百戸。以進數有功，分五百戸，封一子列侯；進遷右將軍。建安二十三年薨，諡曰威侯。

His son Yue Chen succeeded him. Yue Chen was decisive and resolute, with his father's air, and rose in office to Inspector of Yang Province. When Zhuge Dan rebelled, he fell on Yue Chen in a surprise attack and killed him. An edict mourned and lamented him, posthumously conferred on him the office of Minister of the Guards, and gave him the posthumous name Marquis Min. His son Yue Zhao succeeded him.

子綝嗣。綝果毅有父風，官至揚州刺史。諸葛誕反，掩襲殺綝，詔悼惜之，追贈衞尉，諡曰愍侯。子肇嗣。

Yu Jin

于禁

Yu Jin, courtesy name Wenze, was a man of Juping County in Taishan Commandery. When the Yellow Turbans rose, Bao Xin gathered a band of followers, and Yu Jin joined him. When Taizu took charge of Yan Province, Yu Jin went to him with his comrades and became a squad commander under the general Wang Lang. Wang Lang thought him extraordinary and recommended him as a man whose talents were fit for a great general. Taizu summoned him, talked with him, and appointed him Major of the Army, sending him with troops to Xu Province. He attacked Guangwei and took it, and was appointed Commandant Who Breaks Formations.

于禁字文則，泰山鉅平人也。黃巾起，鮑信招合徒衆，禁附從焉。及太祖領兗州，禁與其黨俱詣爲都伯，屬將軍王朗。朗異之，薦禁才任大將軍。太祖召見與語，拜軍司馬，使將兵詣徐州，攻廣威，拔之，拜陷陳都尉。

He followed Taizu in attacking Lü Bu at Puyang, separately destroyed two of Lü Bu's camps south of the city, and also led a separate force that defeated Gao Ya at Xuchang. He followed Taizu in attacking Shouzhang, Dingtao and Lihu and in besieging Zhang Chao at Yongqiu, and all of them were taken. He followed Taizu on the campaign against the Yellow Turbans Liu Pi, Huang Shao and others, and was stationed at Banliang. When Huang Shao and the others made a night raid on Taizu's camp, Yu Jin led his own troops against them, routed them, beheaded Huang Shao and others, and took the surrender of all their followers. He was promoted to Colonel Who Pacifies the Caitiffs. He followed Taizu in besieging Qiao Rui at Ku and beheaded Qiao Rui and three other commanders.

從討呂布於濮陽，別破布二營於城南，又別將破高雅於須昌。從攻壽張、定陶、離狐，圍張超於雍丘，皆拔之。從征黃巾劉辟、黃邵等，屯版梁，邵等夜襲太祖營，禁帥麾下擊破之，斬邵等，盡降其衆。遷平虜校尉。從圍橋蕤於苦，斬蕤等四將。

He followed Taizu to Wan and received the surrender of Zhang Xiu. When Zhang Xiu rebelled again, Taizu fought him without success; his army was defeated and returned to Wuyin. At this time the army was in disorder, and everyone was making his way by back roads to find Taizu. Yu Jin alone kept the several hundred men under his command together, fighting as he withdrew, and though some were killed or wounded they did not break apart. When the enemy's pursuit slackened a little, Yu Jin calmly put his ranks in order and came back beating his drums. Before reaching Taizu, he saw a dozen or more men on the road, wounded and naked, running away. When Yu Jin asked them why, they said, “We were robbed by the Qingzhou soldiers.”

從至宛，降張繡。繡復叛，太祖與戰不利，軍敗，還舞陰。是時軍亂，各間行求太祖，禁獨勒所將數百人，且戰且引，雖有死傷不相離。虜追稍緩，禁徐整行隊，鳴鼓而還。未至太祖所，道見十餘人被創裸走，禁問其故，曰：「爲靑州兵所劫。」

Earlier, when the Yellow Turbans surrendered, they had been named the Qingzhou soldiers. Taizu treated them leniently, and on that pretext they dared to go plundering. Yu Jin was angry and ordered his men, “The Qingzhou soldiers belong to Lord Cao just as we do, and yet they turn to banditry!” He then attacked them and charged them with their crimes. The Qingzhou soldiers hurried off to Taizu and made their own complaint. When Yu Jin arrived, he first set up his camp and ramparts and did not go at once to pay his respects to Taizu. Someone said to Yu Jin, “The Qingzhou soldiers have already accused you. You should hurry to Lord Cao and explain yourself.”

初，黃巾降，號靑州兵，太祖寛之，故敢因緣爲略。禁怒，令其衆曰：「靑州兵同屬曹公，而還爲賊乎！」乃討之，數之以罪。靑州兵遽走詣太祖自訴。禁旣至，先立營壘，不時謁太祖。或謂禁：「靑州兵已訴君矣，宜促詣公辨之。」

Yu Jin said, “The enemy is now behind us and could catch up at any moment. If we do not first make preparations, how can we meet them? Besides, Lord Cao is wise and discerning. What use will slander and complaints be?” Only when he had calmly dug his trenches and finished setting up camp did he go in to see Taizu, and he gave a full account of what had happened. Taizu was pleased and said to Yu Jin, “In the disaster at the Yu River I was in dire straits. General, amid the chaos you kept your army in order, punished the violent, and fortified your ramparts, showing a steadfastness that nothing could shake. Even the famous generals of old could not surpass this!” He then recorded all of Yu Jin's past merits and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Yishou Neighborhood.

禁曰：「今賊在後，追至無時，不先爲備，何以待敵？且公聰明，譖訴何緣！」徐鑿塹安營訖，乃入謁，具陳其狀。太祖悅，謂禁曰：「淯水之難，吾其急也，將軍在亂能整，討暴堅壘，有不可動之節，雖古名將，何以加之！」於是録禁前後功，封益壽亭侯。

He again followed Taizu in attacking Zhang Xiu at Rang and capturing Lü Bu at Xiapi, and separately joined Shi Huan and Cao Ren in attacking Sui Gu at Shequan, defeating and beheading him.

復從攻張繡於穰，禽呂布於下邳，別與史渙、曹仁攻眭固於射犬，破斬之。

When Taizu first campaigned against Yuan Shao, Yuan Shao's army was strong, and Yu Jin asked to lead the vanguard. Taizu admired this and sent two thousand foot soldiers for Yu Jin to command, holding Yanjin against Yuan Shao, while Taizu led his army back to Guandu. Liu Bei rebelled and seized Xu Province, and Taizu went east to campaign against him. Yuan Shao attacked Yu Jin, but Yu Jin held firm and Yuan Shao could not take his position. Yu Jin, together with Yue Jin and others, then led five thousand foot and horse against Yuan Shao's detached camps. Going southwest from Yanjin along the Yellow River as far as the two counties of Ji and Huojia, they burned more than thirty fortified settlements, took several thousand heads and as many captives, and received the surrender of more than twenty of Yuan Shao's officers, including He Mao and Wang Mo.

太祖初征袁紹，紹兵盛，禁願爲先登。太祖壯之，乃遣步卒二千人，使禁將，守延津以拒紹，太祖引軍還官渡。劉備以徐州叛，太祖東征之。紹攻禁，禁堅守，紹不能拔。復與樂進等將步騎五千，擊紹別營，從延津西南緣河至汲、獲嘉二縣，焚燒保聚三十餘屯，斬首獲生各數千，降紹將何茂、王摩等二十餘人。

Taizu again had Yu Jin lead a separate force to garrison Yuanwu, and Yu Jin attacked and destroyed Yuan Shao's detached camp at Dushi Ford. He was promoted to Deputy General and later followed Taizu back to Guandu. Taizu and Yuan Shao faced each other with lines of camps, and each built earthen mounds opposite the other. Yuan Shao's men shot arrows into the camp, killing and wounding many soldiers, and the army was afraid. Yu Jin took charge of defending the earthen mounds and fought hard, his spirit rising all the higher. When Yuan Shao was defeated, Yu Jin was promoted to Lieutenant General. Ji Province was pacified. When Chang Xi rebelled again, Yu Jin was sent to campaign against him. Yu Jin advanced swiftly and attacked Chang Xi, and Chang Xi, who was an old friend of Yu Jin's, came to him and surrendered.

太祖復使禁別將屯原武，擊紹別營於杜氏津，破之。遷裨將軍，後從還官渡。太祖與紹連營，起土山相對。紹射營中，士卒多死傷，軍中懼。禁督守土山，力戰，氣益奮。紹破，遷偏將軍。冀州平。昌豨復叛，遣禁征之。禁急進攻豨；豨與禁有舊，詣禁降。

All the generals thought that since Chang Xi had already surrendered, he should be sent to Taizu. But Yu Jin said, “Do you gentlemen not know Lord Cao's standing order? Those who surrender only after being besieged are not to be pardoned. To uphold the law and carry out orders is the duty of one who serves his superior. Though Chang Xi is an old friend, how can I fail in my duty?” He went in person to take his leave of Chang Xi and, shedding tears, beheaded him. At this time Taizu was encamped at Chunyu. When he heard of it, he sighed and said, “That Chang Xi surrendered not to me but to Yu Jin — was this not fate?”

諸將皆以爲豨已降，當送詣太祖，禁曰：「諸君不知公常令乎！圍而後降者不赦。夫奉法行令，事上之節也。豨雖舊友，禁可失節乎！」自臨與豨決，隕涕而斬之。是時太祖軍淳于，聞而嘆曰：「豨降不詣吾而歸禁，豈非命耶！」

Taizu thought all the more highly of Yu Jin. When Donghai was pacified, Yu Jin was appointed General of Tigerish Might. Later Yu Jin, with Zang Ba and others, attacked Mei Cheng, while Zhang Liao, Zhang He and others attacked Chen Lan. When Yu Jin arrived, Mei Cheng surrendered with more than three thousand followers. But after surrendering he rebelled again, and his followers fled to Chen Lan. Zhang Liao and the others were locked in a standoff with Chen Lan and ran short of food; Yu Jin kept supplies coming to them in an unbroken stream, and Zhang Liao was at last able to behead Chen Lan and Mei Cheng. Yu Jin's fief was increased by two hundred households, making twelve hundred households in all. At this time Yu Jin, Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Zhang He and Xu Huang were all famous generals. Whenever Taizu went on campaign, they took turns leading the army's vanguard on the way out and covering the rear on the way back. Yu Jin kept strict discipline in his army, and when he captured enemy goods and property he kept nothing for himself; for this reason his rewards were especially generous.

益重禁。¹東海平，拜禁虎威將軍。後與臧霸等攻梅成，張遼、張郃等討陳蘭。禁到，成舉衆三千餘人降。旣降復叛，其衆奔蘭。遼等與蘭相持，軍食少，禁運糧前後相屬，遼遂斬蘭成。增邑二百戸，並前千二百戸。是時，禁與張遼、樂進、張郃、徐晃俱爲名將，太祖每征伐，咸遞行爲軍鋒，還爲後拒；而禁持軍嚴整，得賊財物，無所私入，由是賞賜特重。

Yet because he governed those beneath him by the law, he did not greatly win the hearts of his officers and men. Taizu had long been displeased with Zhu Ling and wished to take his camp from him. Because Yu Jin carried authority and weight, he sent Yu Jin with a few dozen horsemen, bearing a written order, to go straight to Zhu Ling's camp and take over his army; neither Zhu Ling nor his men dared to move. Zhu Ling was then made a Commander under Yu Jin, and the whole host was awed into submission. Such was the dread in which he was held. He was promoted to General of the Left and granted the tally and axe, and five hundred households were split from his fief to enfeoff one of his sons as a full marquis.

然以法御下，不甚得士衆心。太祖常恨朱靈，欲奪其營。以禁有威重，遣禁將數十騎，賫令書，徑詣靈營奪其軍，靈及其部衆莫敢動；乃以靈爲禁部下督，衆皆震服，其見憚如此。遷左將軍，假節鉞，分邑五百戸，封一子列侯。

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an, while Taizu was at Chang'an, he had Cao Ren attack Guan Yu at Fan and also sent Yu Jin to help Cao Ren. In autumn there were heavy, prolonged rains; the Han River overflowed, the water stood several zhang deep even on level ground, and the seven armies of Yu Jin and the others were all submerged. Yu Jin climbed to high ground with his generals and gazed out over the water, but there was nowhere to escape to. Guan Yu came on large boats to attack Yu Jin and the others, and Yu Jin at last surrendered; only Pang De refused to bend his principles and died. When Taizu heard of it, he grieved and sighed for a long time and said, “I have known Yu Jin for thirty years. Who would have thought that, facing danger and meeting hardship, he would fall short of Pang De!”

建安二十四年，太祖在長安，使曹仁討關羽於樊，又遣禁助仁。秋，大霖雨，漢水溢，平地水數丈，禁等七軍皆沒。禁與諸將登高望水，無所回避，羽乘大船就攻禁等，禁遂降，惟龐德不屈節而死。太祖聞之，哀嘆者久之，曰：「吾知禁三十年，何意臨危處難，反不如龐德邪！」

It happened that Sun Quan captured Guan Yu and took over his host, and so Yu Jin found himself in Wu once more. When Emperor Wen ascended the throne, Sun Quan declared himself a vassal and sent Yu Jin back. When the Emperor received Yu Jin in audience, his beard and hair had turned white and his face was haggard; weeping, he knocked his head on the ground. The Emperor comforted and reassured him with the old stories of Xun Linfu and Meng Mingshi, and appointed him General Who Pacifies Distant Lands. Intending to send him as an envoy to Wu, he first had him go north to Ye to pay his respects at the Gao Mausoleum. The Emperor had arranged beforehand for scenes to be painted in the mausoleum hall: Guan Yu victorious in battle, Pang De in his fury, and Yu Jin surrendering.

會孫權禽羽，獲其衆，禁復在吳。文帝踐阼，權稱籓，遣禁還。帝引見禁，鬚髮皓白，形容憔悴，泣涕頓首。帝慰諭以荀林父、孟明視故事，¹拜爲安遠將軍。欲遣使吳，先令北詣鄴謁高陵。帝使豫於陵屋畫關羽戰克、龐德憤怒、禁降服之狀。

When Yu Jin saw them, shame and resentment made him fall ill, and he died. His son Yu Gui succeeded him and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yishou Neighborhood. Yu Jin was given the posthumous title Marquis Li (the Harsh).

禁見，慚恚發病薨。子圭嗣，封益壽亭侯。諡禁曰厲侯。

Zhang He

張郃

Zhang He, courtesy name Junyi, was a man of Mao County in Hejian. At the end of the Han he answered the call for recruits to fight the Yellow Turbans, became an Army Major, and served under Han Fu. When Han Fu was defeated, he took his troops over to Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao made Zhang He a Colonel and had him hold off Gongsun Zan. When Gongsun Zan was crushed, Zhang He's merits were many, and he was promoted to General of the Household Who Pacifies the State. When Taizu and Yuan Shao faced each other at Guandu, Yuan Shao sent his general Chunyu Qiong and others to oversee the supply convoys and camp at Wuchao, and Taizu led his troops in person to strike them swiftly.

張郃字雋乂，河間鄚人也。漢末應募討黃巾，爲軍司馬，屬韓馥。馥敗，以兵歸袁紹。紹以郃爲校尉，使拒公孫瓚。瓚破，郃功多，遷寧國中郎將。太祖與袁紹相拒於官渡，¹紹遣將淳于瓊等督運屯烏巢，太祖自將急擊之。

Zhang He urged Yuan Shao, “Lord Cao's troops are elite. If they go, they are sure to crush Chunyu Qiong and the others; and if Chunyu Qiong and the others are crushed, General, your cause is lost. You should lead troops to their rescue at once.” Guo Tu said, “Zhang He's plan is wrong. Better to attack their main camp; then they will be forced by circumstance to turn back. This way the danger resolves itself without our going to the rescue.” Zhang He said, “Lord Cao's camp is strong; if we attack it we are certain not to take it. And if Chunyu Qiong and the others are captured, all of us will end up as prisoners.” Yuan Shao sent only light cavalry to rescue Chunyu Qiong, and attacked Taizu's camp with his main force, but could not take it.

郃説紹曰：「曹公兵精，往必破瓊等；瓊等破，則將軍事去矣，宜急引兵救之。」郭圖曰：「郃計非也。不如攻其本營，勢必還，此爲不救而自解也。」郃曰：「曹公營固，攻之必不拔，若瓊等見禽，吾屬盡爲虜矣。」紹但遣輕騎救瓊，而以重兵攻太祖營，不能下。

Taizu did indeed crush Chunyu Qiong and the others, and Yuan Shao's army collapsed. Guo Tu, ashamed, slandered Zhang He in turn: “Zhang He rejoices at our army's defeat and speaks insolently.” Zhang He took fright and so went over to Taizu.

太祖果破瓊等，紹軍潰。圖慚，又更譖郃曰：「郃快軍敗，出言不遜。」郃懼，乃歸太祖。¹

Taizu was overjoyed to gain Zhang He and said to him, “Long ago Wu Zixu did not see the truth in time and brought ruin upon himself. How much better to do as Weizi did in leaving Yin, or as Han Xin did in going over to the Han!” He appointed Zhang He Lieutenant General and enfeoffed him as Marquis of a Chief Village. He gave him troops and had him join the attack on Ye, which was taken. He also followed the campaign against Yuan Tan in Bohai, and, leading a separate force, besieged Yongnu and routed the enemy there. He followed the campaign against Liucheng, serving with Zhang Liao as the vanguard, and for his merit was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Di.

太祖得郃甚喜，謂曰：「昔子胥不早寤，自使身危，豈若微子去殷、韓信歸漢邪？」拜郃偏將軍，封都亭侯。授以衆，從攻鄴，拔之。又從擊袁譚於渤海，別將軍圍雍奴，大破之。從討柳城，與張遼俱爲軍鋒，以功遷平狄將軍。

On a separate expedition he campaigned in Donglai and attacked Guan Cheng, and with Zhang Liao he also attacked Chen Lan, Mei Cheng and others and defeated them. He followed the campaign that crushed Ma Chao and Han Sui south of the Wei River. He besieged Anding and received the surrender of Yang Qiu. With Xiahou Yuan he attacked the Fu bandit Liang Xing and the Di of Wudu. He also defeated Ma Chao and put down Song Jian. When Taizu campaigned against Zhang Lu, he first sent Zhang He in command of the armies to attack Dou Mao, the Di king of Xinghe. When Taizu entered Hanzhong from San Pass, he again sent Zhang He ahead in command of five thousand foot soldiers to open the road.

別征東萊，討管承，又與張遼討陳蘭、梅成等，破之。從破馬超、韓遂於渭南。圍安定，降楊秋。與夏侯淵討鄜賊梁興及武都氐。又破馬超，平宋建。太祖征張魯，先遣郃督諸軍討興和氐王竇茂。太祖從散關入漢中，又先遣郃督步卒五千於前通路。

When they reached Yangping, Zhang Lu surrendered. As Taizu went back, he left Zhang He with Xiahou Yuan and others to hold Hanzhong against Liu Bei. Zhang He, commanding the armies on a separate expedition, received the surrender of the two commanderies of Badong and Baxi and moved their people to Hanzhong. He advanced to Dangqu, but was checked by Liu Bei's general Zhang Fei and withdrew to Nanzheng. He was appointed General Who Sweeps Away Bandits. Liu Bei camped at Yangping, and Zhang He camped at Guangshi. Liu Bei divided more than ten thousand picked troops into ten detachments and launched a fierce night attack on Zhang He.

至陽平，魯降，太祖還，留郃與夏侯淵等守漢中，拒劉備。郃別督諸軍，降巴東、巴西二郡，徙其民於漢中。進軍宕渠，爲備將張飛所拒，引還南鄭。拜蕩寇將軍。劉備屯陽平，郃屯廣石。備以精卒萬餘，分爲十部，夜急攻郃。

Zhang He led his personal guards into hand-to-hand fighting, and Liu Bei could not prevail. Later Liu Bei set fire to the outer palisade at Zouma Valley. Xiahou Yuan went to put out the fire, met Liu Bei on another road, and fought him, so close that they crossed short blades. Xiahou Yuan was killed in the end, and Zhang He returned to Yangping. At that time, having just lost their commander in chief, they feared that Liu Bei would take advantage of it, and the three armies all blanched. Xiahou Yuan's Major, Guo Huai, then issued an order to the host: “General Zhang is a famous general of the state, one whom Liu Bei fears. Things are urgent today; no one but General Zhang can steady us.”

郃率親兵搏戰，備不能克。其後備於走馬谷燒都圍，淵救火，從他道與備相遇，交戰，短兵接刃。淵遂沒，郃還陽平。¹當是時，新失元帥，恐爲備所乘，三軍皆失色。淵司馬郭淮乃令衆曰：「張將軍，國家名將，劉備所憚；今日事急，非張將軍不能安也。」

So they chose Zhang He as commander of the army. Zhang He came out, marshaled the troops and settled the formations; the generals all accepted Zhang He's orders, and the hearts of the host at last grew steady. Taizu, at Chang'an, sent an envoy to grant Zhang He the tally. Taizu at length came to Hanzhong in person, but Liu Bei held the high mountains and did not dare to fight. Taizu then withdrew the armies from Hanzhong, and Zhang He went back to garrison Chencang.

遂推郃爲軍主。郃出，勒兵安陳，諸將皆受郃節度，衆心乃定。太祖在長安，遣使假郃節。太祖遂自至漢中，劉備保高山不敢戰。太祖乃引出漢中諸軍，郃還屯陳倉。

When Emperor Wen became King, he made Zhang He General of the Left and raised his rank to Marquis of a Chief District. When he ascended the throne, he raised his fief to Marquis of Mao. By edict Zhang He was ordered to join Cao Zhen in attacking the Lushui Hu and the Eastern Qiang of Anding; then Zhang He and Cao Zhen were both summoned to court at the palace in Xu, after which he was sent south with Xiahou Shang to attack Jiangling. Commanding the armies on a separate expedition, Zhang He crossed the Yangtze and took the fortified camp on the sandbar. When Emperor Ming came to the throne, he was sent south to garrison Jing Province, and together with Sima Yi (King Xuan) he attacked Liu A and other detached generals of Sun Quan, pursued them as far as Qikou, fought them and defeated them.

文帝即王位，以郃爲左將軍，進爵都鄕侯。及踐阼，進封鄚侯。詔郃與曹眞討安定盧水胡及東羌，召郃與眞並朝許宮，遣南與夏侯尙擊江陵。郃別督諸軍渡江，取洲上屯塢。明帝即位，遣南屯荊州，與司馬宣王擊孫權別將劉阿等，追至祁口，交戰，破之。

Zhuge Liang came out at Mount Qi. Zhang He was given the added rank of Specially Advanced and sent in command of the armies to resist Zhuge Liang's general Ma Su at Jieting. Ma Su relied on the steep ground of the southern hills and did not come down to hold the town. Zhang He cut off his route to water, attacked, and routed him utterly. The commanderies of Nanan, Tianshui and Anding rebelled in support of Zhuge Liang, but Zhang He defeated and pacified them all. An edict said: “The rebel Zhuge Liang, with the host of Ba and Shu, stood against our army of roaring tigers. You, General, donned stout armor and took up keen weapons, and wherever you went you conquered and pacified. We commend you highly.

諸葛亮出祁山。加郃位特進，遣督諸軍，拒亮將馬謖於街亭。謖依阻南山，不下據城。郃絶其汲道，擊，大破之。南安、天水、安定郡反應亮，郃皆破平之。詔曰：「賊亮以巴蜀之衆，當虓虎之師。將軍被堅執鋭，所向克定，朕甚嘉之。

Your fief shall be increased by a thousand households, making four thousand three hundred with those you held before.” When Sima Yi was fitting out a fleet in Jing Province, meaning to go down the Mian into the Yangtze to attack Wu, Zhang He was ordered by edict to lead the armies of Guanzhong there and take his orders. He reached Jing Province, but it was winter and the water was shallow, so the large ships could not sail; he went back and garrisoned Fangcheng. When Zhuge Liang came out again and pressed hard against Chencang, the Emperor summoned Zhang He by post-horse to the capital. The Emperor went in person to the city of Henan, held a banquet to see Zhang He off, sent thirty thousand soldiers of the Northern and Southern Armies, and detached men of the Martial Guard and the Tiger Rapid Guard to escort Zhang He. He then asked Zhang He, “If you, General, arrive late, will Zhuge Liang not already have taken Chencang?”

益邑千戸，並前四千三百戸。」司馬宣王治水軍於荊州，欲順沔入江伐吳，詔郃督關中諸軍往受節度。至荊州，會冬水淺，大船不得行，乃還屯方城。諸葛亮復出，急攻陳倉，帝驛馬召郃到京都。帝自幸河南城，置酒送郃，遣南北軍士三萬及分遣武衞、虎賁使衞郃，因問郃曰：「遲將軍到，亮得無已得陳倉乎！」

Zhang He knew that Zhuge Liang's army was far from home and short of grain and could not keep up the attack for long. He answered, “By the time I arrive, Zhuge Liang will already have fled. Counting on my fingers, I reckon that Zhuge Liang's provisions will not last ten days.” Zhang He pressed on day and night to Nanzheng, and Zhuge Liang withdrew. By edict Zhang He was recalled to the capital and appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry Who Conquers the West.

郃知亮縣軍無穀，不能久攻，對曰：「比臣未到，亮已走矣；屈指計亮糧不至十日。」郃晨夜進至南鄭，亮退。詔郃還京都，拜征西車騎將軍。

Zhang He understood the workings of change and was skilled at siting camps and formations. When he assessed the course of a battle and the lie of the land, everything went as he had calculated, and everyone from Zhuge Liang down feared him. Though Zhang He was a military man, he loved and delighted in Confucian scholars. He once recommended Bei Zhan, a man of his own county, as learned in the classics and upright in conduct. An edict said: “Of old, when Zhai Zun was a general, he memorialized for the appointment of a Grandee of the Five Classics, and in the midst of his army he sang the elegant odes and played pitch-pot with the students. Now you, General, command troops in the field while keeping the court at heart. We commend your intention, and now raise Bei Zhan to be an Academician.”

郃識變數，善處營陳，料戰勢地形，無不如計，自諸葛亮皆憚之。郃雖武將而愛樂儒士，嘗薦同鄕卑湛經明行修，詔曰：「昔祭遵爲將，奏置五經大夫，居軍中，與諸生雅歌投壺。今將軍外勒戎旅，內存國朝。朕嘉將軍之意，今擢湛爲博士。」

When Zhuge Liang came out again at Mount Qi, Zhang He was ordered by edict to lead the generals west to Lueyang. When Zhuge Liang turned back to hold Mount Qi, Zhang He pursued him as far as Mumen and fought Zhuge Liang's army. A flying arrow struck Zhang He in the right knee, and he died. He was given the posthumous title Marquis Zhuang (the Valiant). His son Zhang Xiong succeeded him. Because Zhang He had won merit in campaign after campaign, Emperor Ming divided his fief and enfeoffed four of Zhang He's sons as full marquises. His youngest son was granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes.

諸葛亮復出祁山，詔郃督諸將西至略陽，亮還保祁山，郃追至木門，與亮軍交戰，飛矢中郃右膝，薨，¹諡曰壯侯。子雄嗣。郃前後征伐有功，明帝分郃戸，封郃四子列侯。賜小子爵關內侯。

Xu Huang

徐晃

Xu Huang, courtesy name Gongming, was a man of Yang County in Hedong. He became a commandery clerk, and for his merit in following Yang Feng, General of Chariots and Cavalry, against bandits he was appointed Chief Commandant of Cavalry. When Li Jue and Guo Si threw Chang'an into turmoil, Xu Huang persuaded Yang Feng to return to Luoyang with the Emperor, and Yang Feng followed his plan. When the Emperor crossed the Yellow River and reached Anyi, Xu Huang was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village. When they arrived at Luoyang, Han Xian and Dong Cheng quarreled day after day, and Xu Huang urged Yang Feng to go over to Taizu. Yang Feng was ready to follow this advice but later changed his mind. When Taizu attacked Yang Feng at Liang, Xu Huang at last went over to Taizu.

徐晃字公明，河東楊人也。爲郡吏，從車騎將軍楊奉討賊有功，拜騎都尉。李傕、郭汜之亂長安也，晃説奉，令與天子還洛陽，奉從其計。天子渡河至安邑，封晃都亭侯。及到洛陽，韓暹、董承日爭鬬，晃説奉令歸太祖；奉欲從之，後悔。太祖討奉於梁，晃遂歸太祖。

Taizu gave Xu Huang troops and had him attack the bandits of Quan and Yuanwu, whom he defeated, and he was appointed Assistant General. He followed the campaign against Lü Bu and, on a separate mission, received the surrender of Lü Bu's generals Zhao Shu, Li Zou and others. With Shi Huan he beheaded Sui Gu in Henei. He followed the campaign that crushed Liu Bei, then followed the campaign that crushed Yan Liang, taking Baima, and advanced to Yanjin, where he defeated Wen Chou; he was appointed Lieutenant General. With Cao Hong he attacked and defeated Zhu Bi, a bandit of Yinqiang, and with Shi Huan he attacked Yuan Shao's supply carts at Gushi. His merit was the greatest, and he was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village.

太祖授晃兵，使擊卷原武¹賊，破之，拜裨將軍。從征呂布，別降布將趙庶、李鄒等。與史渙斬眭固於河內。從破劉備，又從破顔良，拔白馬，進至延津，破文醜，拜偏將軍。與曹洪擊㶏強賊祝臂，破之，又與史渙擊袁紹運車於故市，功最多，封都亭侯。

When Taizu had besieged Ye and taken Handan, Han Fan, Magistrate of Yiyang, pretended to surrender his city but then held out against him, and Taizu sent Xu Huang to attack it. On arriving, Xu Huang shot arrows into the city carrying messages that set out the consequences of success and failure. Han Fan repented, and Xu Huang promptly accepted his surrender. Afterward he said to Taizu, “The two Yuans have not yet been crushed, and the cities that have not yet fallen are all listening closely. If we destroy Yiyang today, tomorrow they will all defend themselves to the death, and I fear there will be no settling Hebei.

太祖旣圍鄴，破邯鄲，易陽令韓範僞以城降而拒守，太祖遣晃攻之。晃至，飛矢城中，爲陳成敗。範悔，晃輒降之。旣而言於太祖曰：「二袁未破，諸城未下者傾耳而聽，今日滅易陽，明日皆以死守，恐河北無定時也。

I hope that you, Lord Cao, will accept Yiyang's surrender and show it to the other cities; then there will be none that do not submit at the first word of it.” Taizu approved. On a separate expedition he attacked Maocheng, laid an ambush and struck by surprise, and destroyed three encampments. He followed the campaign that crushed Yuan Tan at Nanpi, and attacked and overcame the rebel bandits of Pingyuan. He followed the campaign against Tadun and was appointed General Who Sweeps the Wilds. He followed the campaign in Jing Province and, garrisoning Fan on a separate mission, attacked the bandits of Zhonglu, Linju and Yicheng. With Man Chong he also attacked Guan Yu at Hanjin, and with Cao Ren he struck Zhou Yu at Jiangling.

願公降易陽以示諸城，則莫不望風。」太祖善之。別討毛城，設伏兵掩擊，破三屯。從破袁譚於南皮，討平原叛賊，克之。從征蹋頓，拜橫野將軍。從征荊州，別屯樊，討中廬、臨沮、宜城賊。又與滿寵討關羽於漢津，與曹仁擊周瑜於江陵。

In the fifteenth year he attacked rebels in Taiyuan, besieged and took Daling, and beheaded the rebel leader Shang Yao. When Han Sui, Ma Chao and others rebelled west of the passes, Xu Huang was sent to garrison Fenyin to keep Hedong calm; he was given oxen and wine and allowed to visit his ancestors' graves. When Taizu reached Tong Pass, he was worried that he might not be able to cross the river and summoned Xu Huang to ask his advice. Xu Huang said, “Lord Cao, you have massed your troops here, yet the rebels have not posted a separate guard at Puban; this shows they have no plan. If you now lend me picked troops to cross at the Puban Ford and go ahead of the army, I will cut them off from behind, and the rebels can be captured.”

十五年，討太原反者，圍大陵，拔之，斬賊帥商曜。韓遂、馬超等反關右，遣晃屯汾陰以撫河東，賜牛酒，令上先人墓。太祖至潼關，恐不得渡，召問晃。晃曰：「公盛兵於此，而賊不復別守蒲阪，知其無謀也。今假臣¹精兵渡蒲坂津，爲軍先置，以截其裏，賊可擒也。」

Taizu said, “Good.” He had Xu Huang cross the ford with four thousand foot and horse. Before the trench and palisade had been finished, the rebel Liang Xing attacked Xu Huang at night with more than five thousand foot and horse, but Xu Huang beat him off, and Taizu's army was able to cross. They went on to crush Ma Chao and the others, and Xu Huang was sent with Xiahou Yuan to pacify the Di of Yumi and Qian, after which they joined Taizu at Anding. When Taizu returned to Ye, he had Xu Huang and Xiahou Yuan put down the remaining bandits of Fu and Xiayang; they beheaded Liang Xing and received the surrender of more than three thousand households.

太祖曰：「善。」使晃以步騎四千人渡津。作塹柵未成，賊梁興夜將步騎五千餘人攻晃，晃擊走之，太祖軍得渡。遂破超等，使晃與夏侯淵平隃麋、汧諸氐，與太祖會安定。太祖還鄴，使晃與夏侯淵平鄜、夏陽餘賊，斬梁興，降三千餘戸。

He followed the campaign against Zhang Lu. Xu Huang was sent on a separate mission to attack the mountain Di of Du, Qiuyi and elsewhere, and all of them surrendered. He was promoted to General Who Pacifies Bandits. He lifted the siege around General Zhang Shun. He attacked more than thirty encampments of the bandit Chen Fu and others and destroyed them all.

從征張魯。別遣晃討攻櫝、仇夷諸山氐，皆降之。遷平寇將軍。解將軍張順圍。擊賊陳福等三十餘屯，皆破之。

When Taizu returned to Ye, he left Xu Huang with Xiahou Yuan to resist Liu Bei at Yangping. Liu Bei sent Chen Shi and more than ten camps to cut the plank road at Maming Pavilion. Xu Huang went on a separate expedition and routed them; the enemy threw themselves into the mountain gorges, and many died. When Taizu heard of it he was delighted; he granted Xu Huang the tally and issued an order: “This plank road is the steep and vital throat of Hanzhong. Liu Bei meant to cut it off from within and without in order to take Hanzhong. With a single stroke, General, you have overturned the enemy's plan. This is the best of the best.”

太祖還鄴，留晃與夏侯淵拒劉備於陽平。備遣陳式等十餘營絶馬鳴閣道，晃別征破之，賊自投山谷，多死者。太祖聞，甚喜，假晃節，令曰：「此閣道，漢中之險要咽喉也。劉備欲斷絶外內，以取漢中。將軍一舉，克奪賊計，善之善者也。」

Taizu then came to Yangping in person and withdrew the armies from Hanzhong. He sent Xu Huang again to help Cao Ren against Guan Yu, and Xu Huang garrisoned Wan. Then the Han River suddenly flooded and Yu Jin and the others were engulfed. Guan Yu besieged Cao Ren at Fan and also besieged General Lü Chang at Xiangyang. Most of the troops under Xu Huang were new recruits, and judging that it would be hard to meet Guan Yu head-on, he advanced and camped at the Yangling Embankment. Taizu came back again and sent the generals Xu Shang, Lü Jian and others to Xu Huang with an order: “Wait until all the troops and horses have gathered, and then advance together.”

太祖遂自至陽平，引出漢中諸軍。復遣晃助曹仁討關羽，屯宛。會漢水暴溢，于禁等沒。羽圍仁於樊，又圍將軍呂常於襄陽。晃所將多新卒，以羽難與爭鋒，遂前至陽陵陂屯。太祖復還，遣將軍徐商、呂建等詣晃，令曰：「須兵馬集至，乃俱前。」

The enemy was camped at Yancheng. When Xu Huang arrived, he used a ruse, digging a great trench as if he meant to cut off their rear, and the enemy burned their camp and fled. Having taken Yancheng, Xu Huang linked his camps on both flanks and edged forward until he was about three zhang from the enemy's siege lines. Before he attacked, Taizu sent him Yin Shu, Zhu Gai and others, twelve camps in all, one after another. The enemy had a camp at the head of the siege lines and another, separate one at Sizhong. Xu Huang let it be known that he would attack the camp at the head of the siege lines, but secretly attacked Sizhong. When Guan Yu saw that Sizhong was about to fall, he came out to fight in person with five thousand foot and horse. Xu Huang struck him and he fell back in flight; Xu Huang pursued, broke into the siege lines along with the fleeing troops, and crushed them. Some of the enemy threw themselves into the Mian River and drowned.

賊屯偃城。晃到，詭道作都塹，示欲截其後，賊燒屯走。晃得偃城，兩面連營，稍前，去賊圍三丈所。未攻，太祖前後遣殷署、朱蓋等凡十二營詣晃。賊圍頭有屯，又別屯四冢。晃揚聲當攻圍頭屯，而密攻四冢。羽見四冢欲壞，自將步騎五千出戰，晃擊之，退走，遂追陷與俱入圍，破之，或自投沔水死。

Taizu issued an order: “The enemy's siege lines were ten layers deep in trenches and abatis, yet you, General, gave battle and won a complete victory, broke through the enemy's lines at last, and took many heads and prisoners. I have commanded troops for more than thirty years, and among the great commanders of old that I have heard of, none ever drove so far and straight into an enemy's siege. Moreover, the plight of Fan and Xiangyang under siege was worse than that of Ju and Jimo, and your achievement, General, surpasses that of Sun Wu and Rangju.” When Xu Huang led his army back to Mobei, Taizu went out seven li to welcome him and held a great banquet.

太祖令曰：「賊圍塹鹿角十重，將軍致戰全勝，遂陷賊圍，多斬首虜。吾用兵三十餘年，及所聞古之善用兵者，未有長驅徑入敵圍者也。且樊、襄陽之在圍，過於莒、即墨，將軍之功，逾孫武、穰苴。」晃振旅還摩陂，太祖迎晃七里，置酒大會。

Taizu raised a cup of wine, urged it on Xu Huang, and praised his efforts: “That Fan and Xiangyang were saved is your achievement, General.” At that time all the armies were gathered, and as Taizu inspected the camps, the soldiers everywhere left their ranks to watch; but Xu Huang's camp was in perfect order, and his officers and men stayed in their ranks without moving. Taizu sighed in admiration and said, “General Xu truly has the bearing of Zhou Yafu.”

太祖舉巵酒勸晃，且勞之曰：「全樊、襄陽，將軍之功也。」時諸軍皆集，太祖案行諸營，士卒咸離陳觀，而晃軍營整齊，將士駐陳不動。太祖嘆曰：「徐將軍可謂有周亞夫之風矣。」

When Emperor Wen became King, he made Xu Huang General of the Right and raised his fief to Marquis of Lu District. When he ascended the throne, he raised him to Marquis of Yang. With Xiahou Shang he attacked Liu Bei's forces at Shangyong and crushed them. Xu Huang was put in charge of Yangping and his fief was moved, making him Marquis of Yangping. When Emperor Ming came to the throne, he resisted the Wu general Zhuge Jin at Xiangyang. His fief was increased by two hundred households, making three thousand one hundred with what he held before. When his illness became grave, he left instructions that he be dressed for burial in ordinary clothes of the season.

文帝即王位，以晃爲右將軍，進封逯鄕侯。及踐阼，進封楊侯。與夏侯尙討劉備於上庸，破之。以晃鎮陽平，徙封陽平侯。明帝即位，拒吳將諸葛瑾於襄陽。增邑二百，並前三千一百戸。病篤，遺令斂以時服。

He was frugal and cautious by nature. As a general he always sent his scouts far ahead, first made himself unbeatable and only then gave battle; when pursuing a fleeing enemy and pressing an advantage, his soldiers had no time even to eat. He often sighed, “The men of old worried that they would never meet an enlightened ruler. I have been fortunate enough to meet one, and I should always repay him with deeds of merit. What use is personal fame?” To the end he did not cultivate a wide circle of connections. He died in the first year of Taihe and was given the posthumous title Marquis Zhuang (the Valiant). His son Xu Gai succeeded him. When Xu Gai died, his son Xu Ba succeeded. Emperor Ming divided Xu Huang's fief and enfeoffed two of Xu Huang's sons and grandsons as full marquises.

性儉約畏愼，將軍常遠斥候，先爲不可勝，然後戰，追奔爭利，士不暇食。常嘆曰：「古人患不遭明君，今幸遇之，常以功自效，何用私譽爲！」終不廣交援。太和元年薨，諡曰壯侯。子蓋嗣。蓋薨，子霸嗣。明帝分晃戸，封晃子孫二人列侯。

Zhu Ling

朱靈

At first, Zhu Ling of Qinghe was one of Yuan Shao's generals. When Taizu campaigned against Tao Qian, Yuan Shao sent Zhu Ling in command of three camps to help Taizu, and he won merit in battle. The generals Yuan Shao had sent were each dismissed to go home, but Zhu Ling said, “I have observed many men, and none is the equal of Lord Cao. This is truly an enlightened lord. Now that I have met him, where else would I go?” So he stayed and did not leave. The soldiers under him admired him, and all of them stayed with Zhu Ling. Zhu Ling went on to become a fine general whose fame was second only to Xu Huang and the others; he rose to General of the Rear and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Gaotang.

初，清河朱靈爲袁紹將。太祖之征陶謙，紹使靈督三營助太祖，戰有功。紹所遣諸將各罷歸，靈曰：「靈觀人多矣，無若曹公者，此乃眞明主也。今已遇，復何之？」遂留不去。所將士卒慕之，皆隨靈留。靈後遂爲好將，名亞晃等，至後將軍，封高唐侯。¹

Appraisal

評

Appraisal: When Taizu built up his military achievements, the five men here stood foremost among the fine generals of the age. Yu Jin was most renowned for his firmness and gravity, yet he could not bring his life to a worthy end. Zhang He was praised for his skill in adapting to changing circumstances, and Yue Jin made his name by his valor and daring; yet when one examines their deeds, they fall short of what is said of them. Perhaps the records have omissions, and so they are not as fully detailed as those of Zhang Liao and Xu Huang.

評曰：太祖建茲武功，而時之良將，五子爲先。于禁最號毅重，然弗克其終。張郃以巧變爲稱，樂進以驍果顯名，而鑑其行事，未副所聞。或注記有遺漏，未如張遼、徐晃之備詳也。