RThe soldiers he led admired him and all stayed with himWei 17 §72
NNo direct record — estimated from his roleCh. 21 §26
| Occupation | RGeneral · General of the Rear | Faction | Wei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | Book of Wei |
| Born | Native place | Qinghe Commandery | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R15 |
Zhu Ling was a man of Qinghe who was at first a general under Yuan Shao. When Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian, he supervised three camps at Yuan Shao's order to assist Cao Cao, and after the other generals Yuan Shao had sent had each gone home, he stayed, saying that 'there was none like Lord Cao.' The soldiers he led all stayed with him as well. Records, Wei 17 §72
Afterwards he went out with Liu Bei to block Yuan Shu, at Tong Pass he crossed the Puban Ford by night with Xu Huang and others, and he took part in attacking the Di. Chen Shou wrote that he eventually became a fine general whose fame was second only to Xu Huang and others, and that he rose to General of the Rear and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Gaotang. The year of his death is not in the Records. Records, Wei 1 §56 · 110 · 146Records, Wei 9 §16Records, Wei 17 §72
Zhu Ling is recorded briefly after the biography of Xu Huang in Records of Wei 17, and the assessment of this volume discusses only five generals and does not deal with Zhu Ling. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 21 as a general who goes with Liu Bei to block Yuan Shu, and he appears in 3 of the 120 chapters; his name is in no chapter title. In Chapters 58–59 he secretly crosses to Hexi with Xu Huang. Records, Wei 17 §71 · 74Romance, Ch. 21 §26Romance, Ch. 58 §38Romance, Ch. 59 §13
Zhu Ling was a man of Qinghe and a general under Yuan Shao. When Cao Cao campaigned against Tao Qian, Yuan Shao had Zhu Ling supervise three camps to assist Cao Cao, and Zhu Ling won merit in battle. The various generals Yuan Shao had sent were each dismissed and went home, but Zhu Ling stayed and would not leave, saying, 'I have seen many men, but none like Lord Cao. He is truly an enlightened lord. Now that I have met him, where else would I go?' The soldiers he led admired him and all stayed with Zhu Ling. Records, Wei 17 §72
In the 4th year of Jian'an (199), when Yuan Shu tried to pass through Xu Province and go north to Yuan Shao, Cao Cao sent Liu Bei and Zhu Ling to intercept him. The Biography of the First Sovereign records that Cao Cao had Liu Bei lead Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao (路招) to intercept Yuan Shu. Before they arrived, Yuan Shu died of illness. Liu Bei occupied Xiapi, and when Zhu Ling and the others went back, he killed Che Zhou, the Inspector of Xu Province. Records, Wei 1 §56Records, Shu 2 §14 · 16
When Cao Cao campaigned against Jing Province, Zhao Yan became Commander and Protector of the Army and supervised the seven armies of Yu Jin, Zhang Liao, Zhang He, Zhu Ling, Li Dian, Lu Zhao and Feng Kai. Records, Wei 23 §51
In the 7th month of the 16th year of Jian'an (211), while Cao Cao faced Ma Chao and others across Tong Pass, he secretly sent Xu Huang, Zhu Ling and others to cross the Puban Ford by night and set up camp in Hexi. Xiahou Yuan followed the campaign against Han Sui and others and fought at Weinan, and he also led Zhu Ling to pacify the Di of Yumi and Qian. In the 17th year (212), when Cao Cao returned to Ye, he made Xiahou Yuan acting General Who Protects the Army and had him lead Zhu Ling, Lu Zhao and others to garrison Chang'an. Records, Wei 1 §110Records, Wei 9 §16–17
In the 3rd month of the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Cao Cao set out west to attack Zhang Lu and, reaching Chencang, intended to enter the land of the Di from Wudu. When the Di blocked the road, he first sent Zhang He, Zhu Ling and others to attack and defeat them. Records, Wei 1 §146
According to the Biography of Yu Jin, Cao Cao always resented Zhu Ling and wished to take away his camp. He had Yu Jin, a man of awe and gravity, lead several dozen horsemen bearing a written order straight to Zhu Ling's camp and take his troops, and neither Zhu Ling nor his men dared to move. Zhu Ling was then made a commander under Yu Jin. The Records does not say when this happened. Records, Wei 17 §37
Chen Shou wrote that Zhu Ling later became a fine general whose fame was second only to Xu Huang and others, that he rose to General of the Rear, and that he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Gaotang. Records, Wei 17 §72
After Emperor Ming took the throne, Cao Xiu advanced south from Lujiang and went deep into enemy territory, and the enemy cut off Jiashi at the Wuqiang Pass to block his way back. As Cao Xiu, faring badly in battle, withdrew and fled, Zhu Ling and others happened to arrive from behind to cut off the road and ran into the enemy. The enemy fled in alarm, and only then could Cao Xiu's army return. The Biography of Man Chong records that Cao Xiu died that year. Records, Wei 26 §10–11
In the 7th month of the 4th year of Zhengshi (243), an edict had 'the late General of the Rear Zhu Ling' honored with sacrifices in the ancestral temple of Taizu together with Cao Zhen, Cao Xiu, Zhang He, Xu Huang, Zhang Liao and others. The Records does not give the year or cause of his death. Records, Wei 4 §14
In his assessment for Volume 17, in which Zhu Ling is recorded, Chen Shou ranked the five men Yu Jin, Zhang He, Yue Jin, Zhang Liao and Xu Huang foremost among the fine generals of the time, but said nothing separately about Zhu Ling. Records, Wei 17 §74
In Chapter 21 of the Romance, when Liu Bei asks to intercept and attack Yuan Shu on the road, Cao Cao gives Liu Bei overall command of 50,000 men and attaches the two men Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao to him. Liu Bei has Guan Yu and Zhang Fei hurry Zhu Ling's and Lu Zhao's troops along. When Xu Chu returns without having brought Liu Bei back, Cheng Yu and Guo Jia say that Liu Bei has changed his heart, but Cao Cao says that since 'my men Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao are there,' Liu Bei will not dare to turn against him, and does not pursue him further. Romance, Ch. 21 §26–27 · 32
In the same chapter, facing Yuan Shu, Liu Bei divides his troops into three columns, placing Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao on the left, and the columns on the left and right charge out and rout Yuan Shu's troops. When Yuan Shu dies, Liu Bei sends only Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao back to Xudu and keeps the troops to guard Xu Province. When the two return and report this, Cao Cao is enraged and wants to behead them, but when Xun Yu says that authority had passed to Liu Bei and the two could have done nothing about it, he pardons them. Romance, Ch. 21 §35–36 · 41–42
In Chapter 58, facing Ma Chao at Tong Pass, Cao Cao follows Xu Huang's advice that Hexi will be unprepared and has Xu Huang take 4,000 picked troops together with Zhu Ling to raid Hexi and lie in ambush in the mountain valleys. In Chapter 59, Cao Cao secretly orders Xu Huang and Zhu Ling to cross the river and set up camp in Hexi to attack from front and rear, and at the report that one of Cao Cao's armies has already built a camp in Hexi, Ma Chao is alarmed and withdraws his troops. After the fighting, Cao Cao explains to his generals that Xu Huang and Zhu Ling were able to cross because he had made the enemy guard the south entirely and leave Hexi unprepared. Romance, Ch. 58 §37–38Romance, Ch. 59 §13 · 15 · 41
How he came to Cao Cao: In the Romance, Zhu Ling first appears in Chapter 21 already as one of Cao Cao's generals, and there is no story of his having been Yuan Shao's general and staying behind. In the Records, he was a general Yuan Shao had sent to help Cao Cao, and when the other generals went home he stayed, saying there was none like Lord Cao. Romance, Ch. 21 §26Records, Wei 17 §72
Blocking Yuan Shu: In Chapter 21 of the Romance, Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao rout Yuan Shu's troops together with Liu Bei. In the Annals of Emperor Wu and the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, Yuan Shu died of illness before they arrived. Romance, Ch. 21 §35–36Records, Wei 1 §56Records, Shu 2 §14
After returning to Xudu: In Chapter 21 of the Romance, Cao Cao is about to behead Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao for having left the troops behind but pardons them on Xun Yu's word. The Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records says only that Liu Bei killed Che Zhou when Zhu Ling and the others went back, and says nothing of Cao Cao wishing to punish Zhu Ling. Romance, Ch. 21 §42Records, Shu 2 §16
The name of the general who went with him: Chapter 21 of the Romance gives the general who went with Zhu Ling as Lu Zhao (路昭). In the Biography of the First Sovereign and the biographies of Xiahou Yuan and Zhao Yan in the Records, he appears as Lu Zhao (路招). Romance, Ch. 21 §26Records, Shu 2 §14Records, Wei 9 §17Records, Wei 23 §51
Losing his camp: In the Biography of Yu Jin in the Records, Cao Cao always resented Zhu Ling, had Yu Jin take Zhu Ling's camp, and made Zhu Ling a commander under Yu Jin. This episode is not in Chapters 21, 58 and 59 of the Romance, where Zhu Ling appears. Records, Wei 17 §37Romance, Ch. 21 §42Romance, Ch. 59 §41
His later career: In the Romance, Zhu Ling does not appear after Chapter 59. In the Records, he afterwards garrisoned Chang'an under Xiahou Yuan, defeated the Di together with Zhang He during the campaign against Zhang Lu, and in the reign of Emperor Ming, coming up from behind, he ran into the enemy, who fled in alarm, so that Cao Xiu's army was able to return. His office and title as General of the Rear and Marquis of Gaotang also do not appear in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 59 §41Records, Wei 9 §17Records, Wei 1 §146Records, Wei 26 §11Records, Wei 17 §72
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RThe soldiers he led admired him and all stayed with himWei 17 §72
NNo direct record — estimated from his roleCh. 21 §26
RSaw Lord Cao as a truly enlightened lord and did not return to Yuan ShaoWei 17 §72
NLeft the troops with Liu Bei and came back, nearly losing his headCh. 21 §41Ch. 21 §42
RWon merit against Tao Qian, crossed the river by night at Tong Pass, came up from behind and ran into the enemy so that Cao Xiu's army could return, and his fame was second to Xu Huang'sWei 17 §72Wei 1 §110Wei 26 §11
NCommanded the left column in the battle with Yuan Shu, and crossed to Hexi with Xu Huang for a pincer attackCh. 21 §35Ch. 59 §41
RNo direct record — estimated from the record of meeting the enemy and saving Cao XiuWei 26 §11
NNo direct record — attached as a watcher but failed to stop Liu BeiCh. 21 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a vanguard that defeated the DiWei 1 §146
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a commander of an ambush forceCh. 58 §38
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderWei 17 §72
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 21 §26
RStayed with Lord Cao though he was Yuan Shao's general; Taizu always resented himWei 17 §72Wei 17 §37
NNo direct record — estimated from the record of his returning to Cao Cao and reporting truthfullyCh. 21 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderWei 17 §72
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 21 §26
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderWei 17 §72
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 21 §26
RNo direct record — estimated from the record of his recognizing Lord CaoWei 17 §72
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 21 §26
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).