Guo Si 郭汜

RecordsRomance Guo Si faction 곽사

Profile
OccupationRNGeneral · General of the RearFactionGuo Si faction
AppearsRNBiography inBook of Wei
DiedPlace of deathRMei County
Cause of deathRKilled NKilled Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR23

Profile

Guo Si was a general of Dong Zhuo, a colonel under Dong Zhuo's son-in-law Niu Fu. After Dong Zhuo's death he followed Jia Xu's plan together with Li Jue, took Chang'an and drove out Lü Bu, and as General of the Rear and Marquis of Meiyang he wielded the government of the court together with Li Jue and Fan Chou. He has no biography of his own in the Records; he is recorded together with Li Jue after the Biography of Dong Zhuo. Records, Wei 6 §18–21

Later he and Li Jue grew suspicious of each other and fought within Chang'an for several months, and when the Son of Heaven left for the east, he joined hands with Li Jue again and pursued him. In the end he was attacked by his own general Wu Xi (五習) and died at Mei County. Records, Wei 6 §24–26 · 30

In the assessment at the end of the volume Chen Shou discussed only Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao and Liu Biao and did not assess him separately. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 3 as one of the generals Dong Zhuo leads toward Luoyang, and appears in 13 of its 120 chapters; his name is in the title of Chapter 13, 'Li Jue and Guo Si Clash in Great Battle'. Records, Wei 6 §96Romance, Ch. 3 §2Romance, Ch. 13 §15

In the Records

At first Dong Zhuo's son-in-law Niu Fu, General of the Household, commanded troops and was stationed separately at Shan County, and he dispatched the colonels Li Jue, Guo Si and Zhang Ji separately to plunder the counties of Chenliu and Yingchuan. Records, Wei 6 §19

When Dong Zhuo died in the 4th month of the 3rd year of Chuping (192) and Niu Fu too was beheaded by his friend Hu Chi'er and others, Li Jue and the others, on their return, were left with no one to rely on and each wished to scatter and go home. According to the Biography of Jia Xu, when the colonels Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Ji and others wanted to disband their troops and slip home by back roads, Jia Xu told them that there was talk in Chang'an of killing every man from Liang Province, and that if they abandoned their troops and went off alone, a single precinct chief could tie them up; better to lead their men west, gathering troops as they went, and attack Chang'an. Li Jue and the others collected troops wherever they went, so that by the time they reached Chang'an their host numbered more than 100,000, and together with Dong Zhuo's former subordinates Fan Chou, Li Meng, Wang Fang and others they surrounded Chang'an, took it in ten days, and fought Lü Bu inside the city and drove him out. The Annals of Emperor Wu and the Biography of Wang Ling record that Li Jue, Guo Si and the others killed Wang Yun and attacked Lü Bu, and wiped out Wang Yun's entire household. Records, Wei 6 §16 · 19–20Records, Wei 10 §70–71Records, Wei 1 §21Records, Wei 28 §2

Li Jue and the others let their troops loose and slaughtered the old and young of Chang'an, put to death those who had killed Dong Zhuo, and exposed Wang Yun's corpse in the marketplace. Li Jue became General of Chariots and Cavalry and Marquis of Chiyang, Guo Si General of the Rear and Marquis of Meiyang, and Fan Chou General of the Right and Marquis of Wannian, and the three of them arbitrarily wielded the government of the court. Zhang Ji became General of Agile Cavalry and Marquis of Pingyang and was stationed at Hongnong. Records, Wei 6 §21

On entering Chang'an, Li Jue and Guo Si made Liu Biao General Who Guards the South and Governor of Jing Province, seeking an alliance with him as outside support. When Cao Cao, who also held the post of Governor of Yan Province, first sent an envoy with a letter, Li Jue, Guo Si and the others, claiming that those east of the passes meant to set up a Son of Heaven of their own and that Cao Cao's envoy too was insincere, discussed detaining the envoy, but accepted Zhong Yao's persuasion and replied generously. Dong Zhao, too, wrote letters on Cao Cao's behalf to the generals in Chang'an, Li Jue, Guo Si and others, expressing goodwill to each according to his weight. Records, Wei 6 §83Records, Wei 13 §3–4Records, Wei 14 §49

That year Han Sui, Ma Teng and others came to Chang'an to submit, and Ma Teng became General Who Conquers the West and was stationed at Mei County. The Palace Attendant Ma Yu, together with the Grandee Remonstrant Chong Shao, the General of the Household of the Left Liu Fan and others, planned to have Ma Teng attack Chang'an while they acted as insiders to put Li Jue and the others to death, but the plot leaked; Fan Chou defeated Ma Teng and attacked Huaili, and Ma Yu and the rest all died. At that time the people of the Three Adjuncts still numbered several hundred thousand households, but Li Jue and the others let their troops loose to plunder the towns, so that within two years the starving people had eaten one another and were almost wiped out. Records, Wei 6 §22–23

The generals, contending for power, killed Fan Chou and absorbed his host. Guo Si and Li Jue grew increasingly suspicious of each other and fought within Chang'an. When Li Jue took the Son of Heaven hostage in his own camp and sent the high ministers to Guo Si to seek peace, Guo Si detained them all. They attacked each other for several months, and the dead numbered in the tens of thousands. The Biography of Xu Huang records that when Li Jue and Guo Si threw Chang'an into turmoil, Xu Huang persuaded Yang Feng to escort the Son of Heaven back to Luoyang. Records, Wei 6 §24Records, Wei 17 §57

When Li Jue's general Yang Feng rebelled and Li Jue gradually weakened, Zhang Ji came from Shan County and reconciled the two, and the Son of Heaven was at last able to get out and reached the area between Xinfeng and Baling. Guo Si again tried to coerce the Son of Heaven into returning to make Mei County the capital, but the Son of Heaven fled to Yang Feng's camp, and Yang Feng attacked and defeated Guo Si. Guo Si fled to the Southern Mountains, and Yang Feng and General Dong Cheng escorted the Son of Heaven toward Luoyang. Records, Wei 6 §25

Li Jue and Guo Si, regretting having let the Son of Heaven go, joined hands again and caught up with him at Caoyang in Hongnong. Yang Feng called in Han Xian, Hu Cai, Li Le and others, former leaders of the White Wave in Hedong, to resist, but was defeated, and Li Jue and the others killed high ministers and officials, carried off palace women and entered Hongnong. The Son of Heaven fled to Shan County and crossed the Yellow River to the north, and Yang Feng, Han Xian and the others made Anyi the capital for him. When the Minister Coachman Han Rong was sent to Hongnong to make peace with Li Jue, Guo Si and the others, they returned the palace women, high ministers and officials they had seized, along with a few of the Son of Heaven's carriages and horses. Records, Wei 6 §26–27

After the Son of Heaven returned to Luoyang, Cao Cao received him and made Xu County the capital. In the 2nd year of Jian'an (197) Pei Mao, Supervisor of the Internuncios, led the generals of Guanxi to put Li Jue to death and exterminated his three kindreds, and Guo Si was attacked by his own general Wu Xi (五習) and died at Mei County. Chen Shou did not discuss him separately in the assessment at the end of the volume. Records, Wei 6 §28 · 30 · 96

In the Romance

He first appears in Chapter 3 of the Romance as one of the generals, together with Li Jue, Zhang Ji and Fan Chou, whom Dong Zhuo leads when, having received a secret letter, he heads for Luoyang. In Chapter 5, on Dong Zhuo's orders, he and Li Jue lead 500 soldiers to surround the house of the Grand Tutor Yuan Wei and kill everyone in it, and then, together with Li Jue, he holds the Sishui Pass with 50,000 troops. In Chapter 6, together with Li Jue, he drives millions of the people of Luoyang toward Chang'an, and strikes from the right at Cao Cao's troops pursuing Dong Zhuo near Xingyang. Romance, Ch. 3 §2Romance, Ch. 5 §40–41Romance, Ch. 6 §10 · 17

In Chapter 9, when Dong Zhuo dies, he flees to Liang Province with Li Jue and the others, then heeds Jia Xu's words and attacks Chang'an. While Li Jue meets Lü Bu on the mountain, Guo Si repeatedly strikes Lü Bu's rear and withdraws whenever Lü Bu turns around, wearing him down. After entering Chang'an, he and Li Jue draw their swords and berate Wang Yun, who has leapt down from the tower of the Xuanping Gate, and kill him on the spot. Romance, Ch. 9 §29 · 36–37 · 42–44 · 50–51

In Chapter 10 he gives up killing the Son of Heaven when Zhang Ji and Fan Chou restrain him, becomes General of the Rear and Marquis of Meiyang, receives the tally and axe of authority, and holds the government of the court together with Li Jue. When the plan of Ma Yu, Chong Shao and Liu Fan to act as insiders for Ma Teng and Han Sui comes to light, he and Li Jue behead the old and young of the three households in the marketplace. In Chapter 11 he beheads Pang Shu, who had hidden Lü Bu's wife and children in Chang'an and sent them back, and sends Zhang Yang a letter telling him to kill Lü Bu. Romance, Ch. 10 §1–2 · 6 · 12–13Romance, Ch. 11 §35

In Chapter 13 Li Jue makes himself Grand Marshal and Guo Si makes himself General-in-Chief. Through Yang Biao's scheme, Yang Biao's wife hints to Guo Si's wife that her husband is having an affair with Li Jue's wife; the jealous wife secretly puts poison in food sent by Li Jue and shows it by feeding it to a dog, which dies. When Guo Si comes home from drinking at Li Jue's house with a stomachache, his wife says he has been poisoned and makes him vomit by feeding him liquid dung, and Guo Si, enraged, sets out to attack Li Jue. Li Jue confronts him, calling him 'Guo Aduo', and the two fight below the walls of Chang'an. Romance, Ch. 13 §10–15

When Li Jue drags the Son of Heaven off to his camp, Guo Si enters the palace, seizes the consorts and palace women, and burns the palace halls. Before the battle lines he and Li Jue fight one-on-one for ten bouts without using their soldiers, but neither wins. To the more than sixty court officials, including Yang Biao and Zhu Jun, who come to urge peace, he says, 'Li Jue holds the Son of Heaven hostage; why should I not hold the high ministers hostage?', and he locks them all up in his camp, releasing only Yang Biao and Zhu Jun. The two fight every day for more than fifty days. Romance, Ch. 13 §16–17 · 21–24

When Zhang Ji reconciles them he releases the high ministers, but he beheads two of his officers who let the Son of Heaven's carriage pass over the bridge at Baling and sets out in pursuit again. He loses his general Cui Yong to Xu Huang under Yang Feng and is defeated, and the next day he attacks again and is again defeated when Dong Cheng arrives. Joining hands with Li Jue again, he plunders Hongnong, and when Li Le's troops arrive he has clothing scattered on the road and routs them while they scramble to pick it up. Romance, Ch. 13 §35–38 · 40–41 · 43 · 45–49

In Chapter 14 he and Li Jue push as far as Luoyang but are defeated in turn by Xiahou Dun and Cao Cao, and they flee west to become bandits in the mountains. In Chapter 17, when Cao Cao returns to Xudu, word comes that Wu Xi has killed Guo Si and presented his head, and Wu Xi becomes General Who Exterminates Caitiffs and guards Chang'an. Romance, Ch. 14 §7–10 · 12–14Romance, Ch. 17 §32–33

Where the Romance differs

The Yuan Wei clan: In Chapter 5 of the Romance, on Dong Zhuo's orders, Li Jue and Guo Si surround the house of the Grand Tutor Yuan Wei and kill everyone in it. The Biography of Dong Zhuo in the Records says only that Dong Zhuo put to death the Grand Tutor Yuan Wei and others of Yuan Shao's clan, and Guo Si's name does not appear in this affair. Romance, Ch. 5 §40Records, Wei 6 §47

The fall of Chang'an: In Chapter 9 of the Romance, Li Jue from the front and Guo Si from the rear take turns wearing Lü Bu down, and Li Meng and Wang Fang, who are inside the city, secretly open the gates so that they enter Chang'an. In the Records, the city fell ten days after Li Jue and the others, together with Fan Chou, Li Meng, Wang Fang and others, surrounded it, and they fought Lü Bu inside the city and drove him out. Romance, Ch. 9 §42–44 · 46Records, Wei 6 §20

Wang Yun's death: In Chapter 9 of the Romance, when Wang Yun leaps down from the tower of the Xuanping Gate, Li Jue and Guo Si berate him and kill him on the spot. The Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records record that Li Jue, Guo Si and others killed Wang Yun, and the Biography of Dong Zhuo says only that Wang Yun's corpse was exposed in the marketplace; there is no scene at the Xuanping Gate. Romance, Ch. 9 §50–51Records, Wei 1 §21Records, Wei 6 §21

The plot of Ma Yu and the others: In Chapter 10 of the Romance, when a servant of Ma Yu's household reveals the plot, Li Jue and Guo Si seize the old and young of the three households and behead them in the marketplace. In the Records, when the plot leaked, Ma Yu and the others fled to Huaili, and Fan Chou attacked Huaili, where Ma Yu and the rest all died. Romance, Ch. 10 §12–13Records, Wei 6 §22

Why he split with Li Jue: In Chapter 13 of the Romance, Guo Si's wife, taken in by Yang Biao's scheme to sow discord, stirs her husband up by claiming that food sent by Li Jue was poisoned, and the two fight. The Records say only that Guo Si and Li Jue grew increasingly suspicious of each other and fought within Chang'an, without giving the reason. Romance, Ch. 13 §11–15Records, Wei 6 §24

The detained high ministers: In Chapter 13 of the Romance, Yang Biao and Zhu Jun gather more than sixty court officials and go of their own accord to Guo Si's camp to urge peace, and are locked up. In the Records, when Li Jue sent the high ministers to Guo Si to seek peace, Guo Si detained them all. Romance, Ch. 13 §23–24Records, Wei 6 §24

The pursuit of the Son of Heaven: In Chapter 13 of the Romance, Guo Si pursues the imperial carriage to drag it back to the Mei Fortress, loses his general Cui Yong to Xu Huang, and the next day is defeated again by Dong Cheng. In the Records, when Guo Si tried to coerce the Son of Heaven into returning to make Mei County the capital, the Son of Heaven fled to Yang Feng's camp, and Yang Feng defeated Guo Si, who fled to the Southern Mountains. Cui Yong does not appear. Romance, Ch. 13 §38 · 40–41 · 43Records, Wei 6 §25

The battle with Li Le: In Chapter 13 of the Romance, Guo Si uses the trick of scattering clothing on the road to throw Li Le's troops into disorder. The Records say only that Yang Feng called in Han Xian, Hu Cai, Li Le and others and fought a great battle with Li Jue and Guo Si, but was defeated. Romance, Ch. 13 §49Records, Wei 6 §26

The fight with Cao Cao: In Chapter 14 of the Romance, Li Jue and Guo Si push as far as Luoyang but are heavily defeated by Xiahou Dun and Cao Cao and become bandits in the mountains. The record of Guo Si in the Biography of Dong Zhuo in the Records contains no fight with Cao Cao. Romance, Ch. 14 §10 · 14Records, Wei 6 §18–30

Death: In Chapter 17 of the Romance, Wu Xi (伍習) kills Guo Si, presents his head to Cao Cao, and becomes General Who Exterminates Caitiffs and guards Chang'an. The Records say only that Guo Si was attacked by his own general Wu Xi (五習) and died at Mei County, and record neither the presenting of the head nor the office Wu Xi received. Romance, Ch. 17 §32–33Records, Wei 6 §30

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA5052+2
  • STR4555+10
  • INT2520−5
  • POL65−1
  • CHA2220−2
  • VIR44±0
  • ADP1815−3
  • SCH3131±0
  • DIP2518−7
  • DIS2538+13
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

DiscernmentR25N38 +13

RKilled in an attack by Wu Xi, a general under his commandWei 6 §30

NTrusted Jia Xu's foresight and made weighty use of his plansCh. 10 §12

StrengthR45UnverifiedN55 +10

RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a colonel-turned-generalWei 6 §19

NFought Li Jue for ten bouts before the lines with no victorCh. 13 §22

8 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR50N52 +2

    RTook Chang'an with over 100,000 men; beaten by Yang Feng, then defeated others againWei 6 §20Wei 6 §25

    NWore Lü Bu down by attacking in turns with Li Jue, but was routed by Cao CaoCh. 9 §43Ch. 10 §17Ch. 14 §14

  • IntelligenceR25N20 −5

    RRelied on Jia Xu's plan, and belatedly regretted letting the Son of Heaven goWei 6 §20Wei 6 §26

    NTrusted only his wife, taken in by Yang Biao's scheme, and fought Li JueCh. 13 §12

  • PoliticsR6N5 −1

    RWielded the government at will, and the people of the Three Adjuncts were nearly wiped out in two yearsWei 6 §21Wei 6 §23

    NSeized power and cruelly abused and plundered the peopleCh. 10 §5Ch. 13 §49

  • CharismaR22N20 −2

    RThe generals could not be held together, and he was killed in an attack by his own general Wu XiWei 6 §28Wei 6 §30

    NDrove commoners into a 'Dare-to-Die Army', and turned bandit after defeatCh. 13 §49Ch. 14 §14

  • VirtueR4N4 ±0

    RSlaughtered the old and young and plundered, detained the high ministers and coerced the Son of HeavenWei 6 §21Wei 6 §24

    NSeized palace women, burned the palace, detained the high ministers and plotted to kill the Son of HeavenCh. 13 §17Ch. 13 §23Ch. 10 §1

  • AdaptabilityR18N15 −3

    RWore down his own strength fighting Li Jue and lost hold of the Son of HeavenWei 6 §24Wei 6 §26

    NBeaten by Cao Cao, became a mountain bandit like a dog that has lost its homeCh. 14 §14

  • ScholarshipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a colonel-turned-generalWei 6 §19

    NNo direct record — estimated from his deeds as a generalCh. 5 §41

  • DiplomacyR25N18 −7

    RDetained all the high ministers who came to seek peaceWei 6 §24

    NLocked up over sixty officials who came to make peace and tried to kill Yang BiaoCh. 13 §23

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (13)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history Changed allegiance 1 times

  1. Guo Si faction · Records
  2. Dong Zhuo faction (~192) · Records · 「分遣校尉李傕、郭汜、張濟略陳留、潁川諸縣」

Relations

Related events (3)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).