Zhang Hu 張虎

RecordsRomance Wei 장호张虎

Profile
OccupationRGeneral · Lieutenant GeneralFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography in
BornNative placeYanmen Commandery Mayi County Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR2

Profile

Zhang Hu was the son of Zhang Liao of Wei. He has no biography of his own in the Records and appears only at the end of the biography of Zhang Liao. When Zhang Liao died at Jiangdu he succeeded him, became Lieutenant General and then died, and his son Zhang Tong succeeded him. Records, Wei 17 §17–18

Chen Shou's main text does not record Zhang Hu's other deeds or the year of his death. It does, however, include just before this the edict of the 6th year of Huangchu (225) in which Emperor Wen (Cao Pi), in remembrance of the merit of Zhang Liao and Li Dian in the battle of Hefei, split off 100 households from each of the two men's fiefs and granted one son of each the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. Records, Wei 17 §15 · 17–18

In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 98 as the son of Zhang Liao whom Cao Zhen makes his vanguard, and he appears in 5 of the 120 chapters, though no chapter has his name in its title. Always paired with Yue Chen, the son of Yue Jin, he takes the field in the battles against Zhuge Liang, and in Chapter 106 he helps surround Gongsun Yuan and his son. Romance, Ch. 98 §7Romance, Ch. 106 §25

In the Records

Zhang Liao's illness grew grave and he finally died at Jiangdu; the emperor shed tears for him and gave him the posthumous name Marquis Gang. His son Zhang Hu succeeded him. Records, Wei 17 §17

In the 6th year of Huangchu (225), Emperor Wen (Cao Pi) issued an edict in remembrance of the merit Zhang Liao and Li Dian had won at Hefei. In the battle of Hefei, it said, the two had defeated 100,000 enemies with 800 foot soldiers, so that the enemy remained cowed even now, and they could be called the claws and fangs of the state; therefore 100 households were to be split off from each of the fiefs of Zhang Liao and Li Dian, and one son of each granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. Records, Wei 17 §15 · 17–18

Zhang Hu became Lieutenant General and then died, and his son Zhang Tong succeeded him. Chen Shou's main text does not record Zhang Hu's other deeds or the year of his death. Records, Wei 17 §18

In the Romance

In Chapter 98 of the Romance, Cao Zhen, adopting Sun Li's scheme of the false grain carts, makes Zhang Hu, the son of Zhang Liao, his vanguard and Yue Chen, the son of Yue Jin, his deputy vanguard, and has them hold the forward camp together without going out to fight. That night, when flames rise west of the hills, Zhang Hu leads all his men and horses with Yue Chen to charge the Shu camp, but there is not a single man inside. Their way back is cut off by Wu Ban and Wu Yi, and when they break through the encirclement and return to their own camp, they find it has already been raided by Guan Xing and Zhang Bao, and arrows pour down from the earthen walls. Romance, Ch. 98 §6–7 · 13 · 16

In Chapter 100, Sima Yi, matching formations with Zhuge Liang, tells Dai Ling, Zhang Hu and Yue Chen to break in through the Gate of Life due east, come out through the Gate of Rest in the southwest, and then go in again through the Gate of Opening due north. Zhang Hu goes in at the front leading 30 horsemen, but the formation is like a chain of walled cities and cannot be pierced, and the three generals, together with ninety soldiers, are bound and brought before Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang lets them go but makes them leave behind their weapons and warhorses, strips them of their clothes, smears their faces with ink, and has them walk out of the formation. Romance, Ch. 100 §37–42

In Chapter 102, Sima Yi has Zhang Hu and Yue Chen lead 2,000 archers and crossbowmen to lie in ambush on the north bank by the floating bridge over the Wei River, and Wu Ban, coming down on rafts to burn the floating bridge, is hit by the arrows the two shoot in volleys, falls into the water and dies. In the same chapter, Sima Yi has the two each lead 500 troops round by the side paths of the Ye Valley, and the two, disguised as Shu troops, seize several of the wooden oxen and gliding horses that Gao Xiang is driving. Sima Yi has them taken apart and makes exact copies. Romance, Ch. 102 §15 · 19 · 51–53

In Chapter 103, when Sima Yi goes to attack the Shangfang Valley, he has Zhang Hu and Yue Chen each lead 5,000 troops as relief in the rear. When Sima Yi and his sons, trapped in the fire in the Shangfang Valley, break out after a downpour puts out the flames, Zhang Hu and Yue Chen also lead their troops up in support, and they return together to the great camp south of the Wei. In Chapter 106, together with Xiahou Ba and Xiahou Wei, he surrounds Gongsun Yuan and his son, who are fleeing through the opened south gate, and makes them dismount and surrender. Romance, Ch. 103 §26 · 30–32Romance, Ch. 106 §24–25

Where the Romance differs

Amount of record: In the Records, there is only the record that Zhang Hu succeeded Zhang Liao, became Lieutenant General and then died. The Romance brings him out again and again as a Wei general from Chapter 98 to Chapter 106. Records, Wei 17 §17–18Romance, Ch. 98 §7Romance, Ch. 106 §25

Vanguard at Chencang: In Chapter 98 of the Romance, Zhang Hu, as Cao Zhen's vanguard, attacks the empty Shu camp together with Yue Chen and loses his own camp. The record of Zhang Hu at the end of the biography of Zhang Liao in the Records has nothing of this. Romance, Ch. 98 §7 · 16Records, Wei 17 §17–18

The Eight Trigrams formation: In Chapter 100 of the Romance, Zhang Hu enters Zhuge Liang's formation in the contest of formations, is captured, has his face smeared with ink and is released on foot. The record of Zhang Hu in the Records has nothing of the kind. Romance, Ch. 100 §39–42Records, Wei 17 §17–18

The death of Wu Ban: In Chapter 102 of the Romance, Wu Ban, coming to burn the floating bridge over the Wei River, is hit by the arrows of Zhang Hu and Yue Chen and dies. In the Records, Zhang Hu does not appear in this battle, and the records of Wu Ban in Chen Shou's main text have no such death either. Romance, Ch. 102 §19Records, Wei 17 §17–18Records, Shu 2 §69–70

The wooden oxen and gliding horses: In Chapter 102 of the Romance, Zhang Hu and Yue Chen seize several of the wooden oxen and gliding horses, and Sima Yi has copies made after them. The record of Zhang Hu in the Records has nothing of this. Romance, Ch. 102 §51–53Records, Wei 17 §17–18

The campaign against Gongsun Yuan: In Chapter 106 of the Romance, Zhang Hu, together with Yue Chen, surrounds Gongsun Yuan and his son and makes them surrender. The record of Zhang Hu in the Records has nothing of this. Romance, Ch. 106 §25Records, Wei 17 §17–18

The family line: In the Records, Zhang Hu succeeded Zhang Liao, and after his death his son Zhang Tong succeeded him. The Romance has neither Zhang Hu's death nor Zhang Tong. Records, Wei 17 §17–18Romance, Ch. 106 §25

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA4545±0
  • STR4550+5
  • INT3838±0
  • POL3531−4
  • CHA3838±0
  • VIR4545±0
  • ADP4240−2
  • SCH3131±0
  • DIP3333±0
  • DIS3533−2
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.

10 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR45UnverifiedN45 ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as Lieutenant GeneralWei 17 §18

    NHeld off Wu Ban with an ambush at the floating bridge and seized wooden oxen, but was captured in the Eight Trigrams formationCh. 102 §19Ch. 102 §52Ch. 100 §41

  • StrengthR45UnverifiedN50 +5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 17 §18

    NBroke through layer upon layer of encirclement and rode back to his main campCh. 98 §16

  • IntelligenceR38UnverifiedN38Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §17

    NNo direct record — estimated as the only records are of his acting on ordersCh. 98 §16

  • PoliticsR35UnverifiedN31Unverified −4

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §17

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 98 §7

  • CharismaR38UnverifiedN38Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §17

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 98 §7

  • VirtueR45UnverifiedN45Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his succeeding to his father Zhang Liao's titleWei 17 §17

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 98 §7

  • AdaptabilityR42UnverifiedN40Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §18

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 100 §39

  • ScholarshipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §18

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 98 §7

  • DiplomacyR33UnverifiedN33Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §18

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 98 §7

  • DiscernmentR35UnverifiedN33Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 17 §18

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 98 §7

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (5)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Wei · Romance · Romance ch. 100 「唤戴陵、张虎、乐綝三将」 · Q124488402

Family

ParentsZhang Liao Novel & History

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.

Related events (2)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).