RNo direct record — estimated from his military family and his post as General of the RightWei 9 §27
NCut down Bei Yan with a single stroke and drove off Guo Huai in fewer than ten boutsCh. 102 §8Ch. 106 §13Ch. 107 §33
| Occupation | RGeneral · General of Chariots and Cavalry | Faction | Wei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | Book of Wei |
| Born | N? Unverified | Native place | Pei Commandery Qiao County Unverified |
| Died | N262 Unverified | Place of death | NTaoyang County |
| Cause of death | NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R16 |
Xiahou Ba was the middle son of Xiahou Yuan, General Who Conquers the West of Wei. In Wei he became Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu and General of the Right and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Bochang Village, but on hearing that Cao Shuang, who had always treated him generously, had been executed, he grew fearful for himself and fled to Shu. This was in the first month of spring in the 12th year of Yanxi (249). Records, Wei 9 §27Records, Shu 3 §29
In Shu he rose to General of Chariots and Cavalry, and in the 18th year of Yanxi (255) Jiang Wei went out with him to Didao and routed Wang Jing, Wei's Inspector of Yong Province, west of the Tao River (Taoxi). Because he had come from afar to give his allegiance, he was granted a posthumous name, but Chen Shou's main text does not record when or how he died. Records, Shu 14 §37Records, Shu 6 §41Records, Wei 9 §26–28
In the Records, his story consists of a short passage at the end of the Biography of Xiahou Yuan and scattered mentions in other people's biographies, and his name does not appear in Chen Shou's assessment. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 102 as Xiahou Yuan's eldest son, recommended by Sima Yi, and appears in 11 of its 120 chapters; no chapter title bears his name. After surrendering to Shu he follows Jiang Wei's northern campaigns, and in Chapter 115 he dies after falling for the empty-city ruse at Taoyang. Records, Wei 9 §132Romance, Ch. 102 §7–8Romance, Ch. 107 §33Romance, Ch. 115 §7–9
Xiahou Ba's father, Xiahou Yuan, was a clan younger brother of Xiahou Dun and had fought alongside Taizu (Cao Cao) from the time Taizu first raised troops. Holding Hanzhong, Xiahou Yuan faced Liu Bei in a standoff and was killed in battle in the first month of the 24th year of Jian'an (219) when Liu Bei made a surprise attack. Xiahou Yuan's wife was the younger sister of Taizu's wife. Records, Wei 9 §14 · 24 · 27
The eldest son, Xiahou Heng, inherited Xiahou Yuan's title; in the Huangchu era the middle son, Xiahou Ba, and in the Taihe era Xiahou Ba's four younger brothers were all granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. In the Zhengshi era Xiahou Ba became Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu and General of the Right and was promoted to Marquis of Bochang Village, and he had always enjoyed Cao Shuang's generous favor. Records, Wei 9 §27
In the 8th year of Zhengshi (247), when the various Qiang of Longxi, Nan'an, Jincheng and Xiping rebelled and called in the Shu army, Xiahou Ba, as Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu, supervised the various armies and was stationed at Weichi. Guo Huai, reckoning that Jiang Wei would certainly come to attack Xiahou Ba, turned south to meet Xiahou Ba. Jiang Wei did indeed attack Weichi but withdrew when Guo Huai's army arrived. The Biography of Jiang Wei also records that in this year Jiang Wei fought Guo Huai, Xiahou Ba and others west of the Tao River. Records, Wei 26 §72–73Records, Shu 14 §33–34
Later, when Jiang Wei came out by Shiying and went west to meet Zhi Wudai, leaving Liao Hua at Mount Chengzhong to build a fort, Guo Huai sent Xiahou Ba and others separately to pursue Jiang Wei to Tazhong while he himself attacked Liao Hua. Jiang Wei, as expected, galloped back to rescue Liao Hua. Records, Wei 26 §75–76
On hearing that Cao Shuang had been executed, Xiahou Ba grew fearful for himself and fled to Shu. The Annals of the Second Lord record that in the first month of spring in the 12th year of Yanxi (249), when Wei executed the General-in-Chief Cao Shuang and others, General of the Right Xiahou Ba came over in surrender. Mindful of Xiahou Yuan's past merits, Wei pardoned Xiahou Ba's sons and moved them to Lelang Commandery. Xiahou Ba's younger brothers rose high: Xiahou Wei became Inspector of Yan Province, Xiahou Hui Administrator of Le'an, and Xiahou He Intendant of Henan. Records, Wei 9 §27–28Records, Shu 3 §29
Wang Jing, Inspector of Yong Province, once reported to Chen Tai, Wei's General Who Conquers the West, that Jiang Wei and Xiahou Ba intended to advance by three routes toward Mount Qi, Shiying and Jincheng. In the 18th year of Yanxi (255), Jiang Wei went out to Didao with General of Chariots and Cavalry Xiahou Ba and others and routed Wang Jing west of the Tao River, where tens of thousands of Wang Jing's men died. When Wang Jing withdrew to hold the city of Didao, Jiang Wei besieged it, but when Chen Tai came with his army and lifted the siege, Jiang Wei fell back to Zhongti. Records, Wei 22 §42Records, Shu 14 §37
In Shu, under the First Lord only Fa Zheng received a posthumous name; under the Second Lord, Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi received them for their merit and heavy responsibilities, and Chen Zhi through imperial favor. Chen Shou wrote that because Xiahou Ba had come from afar to give his allegiance to the state, he too received a posthumous name, but neither that name nor the year of his death appears in Chen Shou's main text. Records, Shu 6 §41Records, Wei 9 §26–28
In his assessment in Records of Wei 9, Chen Shou said that the Xiahou and Cao clans had intermarried for generations, so that Xiahou Dun, Xiahou Yuan and others were honored and employed as close kinsmen, but he did not mention Xiahou Ba separately. Records, Wei 9 §132
In Chapter 102 of the Romance, as Sima Yi sets out to resist Zhuge Liang, he recommends the four sons of Xiahou Yuan. The eldest is Xiahou Ba, courtesy name Zhongquan; Sima Yi says that he and his younger brother Xiahou Wei are skilled in archery and horsemanship and that all four constantly long to avenge their father, and makes Xiahou Ba and Xiahou Wei the vanguard commanders of the left and right. Xiahou Ba crosses the Wei River with Xiahou Wei and pitches camp. Romance, Ch. 102 §7–8 · 10
In Chapter 103, seeing the commander's star out of its place, Sima Yi sends Xiahou Ba with a thousand men to scout the Wuzhang Plains, and in Chapter 104 Xiahou Ba retreats in confusion on seeing Wei Yan come out to meet him. After Zhuge Liang's death he goes to the Wuzhang Plains and reports that the Shu army has already withdrawn completely. In Chapter 106 he joins the Liaodong campaign and cuts down Gongsun Yuan's commander Bei Yan with a single stroke of his blade. Romance, Ch. 103 §55Romance, Ch. 104 §2 · 30Romance, Ch. 106 §12–13
In Chapter 107, when Sima Yi kills Cao Shuang's clan and summons Xiahou Xuan to Luoyang, Xiahou Xuan's uncle Xiahou Ba rises in revolt with the 3,000 troops of his own command. He drives off Guo Huai, Inspector of Yong Province, in fewer than ten bouts, but when Chen Tai's army appears and catches him in a pincer attack, he loses more than half his troops and goes to Hanzhong to surrender. He tells Jiang Wei that Wei now has two new men, Zhong Hui and Deng Ai, who will become a great menace to Wu and Shu, and Jiang Wei takes him to Chengdu and tells the Second Lord that he will use him as a guide to recover the Central Plains. Romance, Ch. 107 §31–33 · 35 · 37–38
In Chapter 109, in the autumn of the 16th year of Yanxi, he joins Jiang Wei's northern campaign as staff adviser and proposes taking Nan'an first, and suggests capturing the Wei commander Xu Zhi with a feigned defeat and an ambush. In Chapter 110 he and Zhang Yi swing round behind the Wei army and encircle Wang Jing's forces, and when Deng Ai arrives he warns Jiang Wei that Deng Ai has understood the art of war since youth, knows the terrain well, and is a formidable enemy. In Chapter 111 he arrives with troops and rescues Jiang Wei, who is being pursued by Deng Ai. Romance, Ch. 109 §1 · 5Romance, Ch. 110 §37 · 42Romance, Ch. 111 §20
In Chapter 113 he urges advancing on Mount Qi, saying that the Chancellor went out to Mount Qi six times because there was no other way out. In Chapter 114 he grows suspicious of Wang Guan, who has feigned surrender, and warns Jiang Wei, but Jiang Wei has already seen through the deception and is turning the scheme against its authors. Romance, Ch. 113 §24Romance, Ch. 114 §29–30
In the winter of the 5th year of Jingyao, in Chapter 115, Xiahou Ba reaches Taoyang as vanguard. At first he is suspicious of the city, which has not a single banner and all four gates wide open, but seeing old people and children fleeing out the back of the city he takes it for empty and leads the way in. When he reaches the barbican, the drawbridge is pulled up and arrows and stones pour down like rain from the walls, and Xiahou Ba dies beneath the walls together with 500 of his men. Jiang Wei grieves deeply on hearing of his death. Romance, Ch. 115 §1 · 7–10
His place among the brothers: In Chapter 102 of the Romance, Xiahou Ba is the eldest of Xiahou Yuan's four sons. In the Biography of Xiahou Yuan in the Records, the eldest son was Xiahou Heng, who inherited the title; Xiahou Ba was a middle son, with four younger brothers below him. Romance, Ch. 102 §7Records, Wei 9 §27
Fighting Zhuge Liang: In Chapters 102–104 of the Romance, Xiahou Ba, as Sima Yi's vanguard, confronts the Shu army on the Wei River and at the Wuzhang Plains. Chen Shou's main text records nothing of Xiahou Ba's activities in this period; the record of his fighting the Shu army begins with his being stationed at Weichi as Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu in the 8th year of Zhengshi (247). Romance, Ch. 102 §8Romance, Ch. 103 §55Records, Wei 9 §26–28Records, Wei 26 §72–73
The Liaodong campaign: In Chapter 106 of the Romance, Xiahou Ba cuts down Gongsun Yuan's commander Bei Yan. The account of Gongsun Yuan in Records of Wei 8 says only that Sima Yi sent the general Hu Zun and others to defeat Bei Yan and his colleagues and defeated them heavily again at Mount Shou; Xiahou Ba does not appear. Romance, Ch. 106 §13Records, Wei 8 §47–48
How he came to surrender: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Xiahou Ba revolts with 3,000 troops when Xiahou Xuan is summoned to Luoyang, and after being defeated in battle with Guo Huai and Chen Tai he goes to Hanzhong to surrender. The Records say only that on hearing of Cao Shuang's execution he grew fearful for himself and fled to Shu; no battle is mentioned. Romance, Ch. 107 §32–33Records, Wei 9 §27Records, Shu 3 §29
His words about Zhong Hui and Deng Ai: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Xiahou Ba tells Jiang Wei that Zhong Hui and Deng Ai are young men to be feared. These words do not appear in the surviving records of Xiahou Ba in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 107 §35–37Records, Wei 9 §26–28Records, Shu 3 §29Records, Shu 14 §37
His position in Shu: In the Romance, Xiahou Ba appears as Jiang Wei's guide (Chapter 107) and staff adviser (Chapter 109). The Biography of Jiang Wei in the Records calls him General of Chariots and Cavalry in the 18th year of Yanxi (255). Romance, Ch. 107 §38Romance, Ch. 109 §1Records, Shu 14 §37
Death: In Chapter 115 of the Romance, in the winter of the 5th year of Jingyao, Xiahou Ba falls for the empty-city ruse at Taoyang and is killed by arrows and stones. Records of Wei 4 states that in the 10th month of winter in the 3rd year of Jingyuan (262), when Jiang Wei raided Taoyang, Deng Ai defeated him at Houhe, but Xiahou Ba does not appear, and nowhere in Chen Shou's main text is Xiahou Ba's death recorded. Romance, Ch. 115 §1 · 7–9Records, Wei 4 §122Records, Wei 9 §26–28Records, Shu 6 §41
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RNo direct record — estimated from his military family and his post as General of the RightWei 9 §27
NCut down Bei Yan with a single stroke and drove off Guo Huai in fewer than ten boutsCh. 102 §8Ch. 106 §13Ch. 107 §33
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderWei 9 §27
NRecognized the talents of Zhong Hui and Deng Ai in advanceCh. 107 §35Ch. 110 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his generalshipWei 9 §27
NWary of Zhong Hui and Deng Ai and suspicious of Wang Guan, but was deceived at TaoyangCh. 107 §35Ch. 110 §42Ch. 114 §29
RGrew fearful for himself when Cao Shuang was executed and fled to ShuWei 9 §27
NRose in revolt, calling the Sima clan traitors, and left Wei to surrender to ShuCh. 107 §32Ch. 107 §33
RStationed at Weichi as Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu; in Shu, defeated Wang Jing together with Jiang WeiWei 26 §72Shu 14 §37
NSucceeded with the ambush by the Liao River and the pincer attack by the Tao River, but fell for the empty-city ruse at Taoyang and was killedCh. 106 §12Ch. 110 §37Ch. 115 §8
RNo direct record — estimated from his military careerWei 9 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as staff adviser who pointed to Nan'an's grainCh. 109 §1
RNo direct record — nothing recorded beyond Cao Shuang's generous treatmentWei 9 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from Jiang Wei's welcoming him with a banquetCh. 107 §34
RSurrendered to Shu out of fear of disaster — no record of whether the judgment was soundWei 9 §27Shu 3 §29
NDissuaded Sima Yi from a rash pursuit; rose in revolt, was defeated and went over to ShuCh. 104 §30Ch. 107 §33
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderWei 9 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderCh. 102 §8
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderWei 9 §27
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as guideCh. 107 §38
NSkilled +10 Recommended as skilled in archery and horsemanshipCh. 102 §8
NSkilled +10 Recommended as skilled in archery and horsemanshipCh. 102 §8
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
| Parents | Xiahou Yuan Records |
|---|---|
| Siblings | Xiahou Hui Records, Xiahou Wei Records |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).