Hu Zun 胡遵

RecordsRomance Wei 호준

Profile
OccupationRGeneral · General of the Guards NGeneral · General Who Conquers the EastFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography in
BornR? UnverifiedNative placeAnding Commandery
DiedR256 UnverifiedPlace of death
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR13

Profile

Hu Zun was a man of Anding. The Records give him no biography of his own; his name appears in the annals of Wei and in the biographies of various others. He was one of the men whom Zhang Ji summoned and employed with due courtesy, and the Biography of Zhang Ji records that all of them in the end attained fame and rank. Records, Wei 15 §55

As a general under Sima Yi he put down a Xiongnu rebellion and, in Liaodong, defeated Gongsun Yuan's general Bei Yan. As General Who Conquers the East he attacked the Wu dyke and forts at Dongxing and was heavily defeated by Zhuge Ke, and when Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin rebelled he led the troops of Qing and Xu Provinces to cut off their way home. He rose to General of the Guards and died in the 1st year of Ganlu (256). Records, Wei 3 §32Records, Wei 8 §47Records, Wei 4 §34 · 56 · 75Records, Wu 19 §28–30Records, Wei 28 §22

In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 106 as the vanguard of Sima Yi's campaign against Liaodong, and he appears in 3 of its 120 chapters; his name is in no chapter title. In Chapter 108 he leads the vanguard in the battle of Dongxing, holds a drinking party on a snowy day, is caught by Ding Feng's surprise attack, and flees. Romance, Ch. 106 §9Romance, Ch. 108 §10 · 13–17

In the Records

Hu Zun was a man of Anding. Zhang Ji governed two provinces for more than ten years and summoned and employed with due courtesy Pang Yan of Fufeng, Yang Fu of Tianshui, Hu Zun of Anding, Pang Yu of Jiuquan, Zhang Gong of Dunhuang, Zhousheng Lie and others, all of whom in the end attained fame and rank. The Records do not give Hu Zun's courtesy name or tell of his early years. Records, Wei 15 §55

In the 9th month, in autumn, of the 1st year of Qinglong (233), when Hubojuzizhi and other Xiongnu chiefs guarding the frontier at Anding rebelled, Sima Yi sent the general Hu Zun and others to pursue and attack them, and they defeated them and forced their surrender. Records, Wei 3 §28 · 32

In the 6th month of the 2nd year of Jingchu (238), Sima Yi's army, sent to subjugate Gongsun Yuan, reached Liaodong. Gongsun Yuan had his generals Bei Yan, Yang Zuo and others station themselves at Liaosui County with several tens of thousands of foot and horse, behind encircling trenches stretching more than 20 li. When Sima Yi's army arrived, Gongsun Yuan had Bei Yan come out to give battle, and Sima Yi sent the general Hu Zun and others, who routed him. Sima Yi then broke through the encirclement and hurried to Xiangping. Records, Wei 8 §47

In the 11th month, in winter, of the 4th year of Jiaping (252), an edict ordered the General-in-Chief Who Conquers the South Wang Chang, the General Who Conquers the East Hu Zun, the General Who Guards the South Guanqiu Jian and others to attack Wu. Earlier, in the 10th month of that year, Zhuge Ke of Wu had built a great dyke at Dongxing once more and, leaning on the hills to the left and right, built two forts, which he had Quan Duan and Liu Lüe hold. Wei had its senior commanders Hu Zun, Zhuge Dan and others lead 70,000 men to surround and attack the two strongholds and break down the dyke. Records, Wei 4 §34Records, Wu 19 §28Records, Wu 3 §4

Hu Zun and the others ordered their armies to build a pontoon bridge and cross, drew up on the dyke, and divided their troops to attack the two forts. But the forts stood on high, steep ground and could not be taken at once. Zhuge Ke came to the rescue day and night with 40,000 men and sent Liu Zan, Lü Ju, Tang Zi and Ding Feng ahead as the vanguard. The weather was cold and snowy, and the Wei generals, gathered and drinking, saw that Liu Zan's men were few and had taken off their armour, carrying only helmets, swords and shields; they laughed loudly at them and did not at once put their troops in order. Records, Wu 19 §29

When the Wu troops climbed onto the dyke, beat their drums and cut down all before them, the Wei army scattered in alarm and rushed to cross the pontoon bridge; when the bridge collapsed and broke, men threw themselves into the water and trampled one another. Huan Jia, Administrator of Le'an, and others died together, the dead numbered in the tens of thousands, and Han Zong, who had become Commander of the Front Army for Wei, was also beheaded. The Biography of Zhu Yi records that Zhu Yi led a naval force to attack the pontoon bridge and broke it, and the Wei army was heavily defeated. The Wei annals record that in the 12th month the Wu General-in-Chief Zhuge Ke gave battle and heavily defeated the armies at Dongguan, and that the Wei army, faring badly, withdrew. According to the Wu records, the day the Wei army was routed was the wuwu day of the 12th month, which by the Western calendar falls early in 253. Records, Wu 19 §30Records, Wu 11 §65Records, Wei 4 §34Records, Wu 3 §4–5

In the 1st month, in spring, of the 2nd year of Zhengyuan (255), the General Who Guards the East Guanqiu Jian and the Inspector of Yang Province Wen Qin rebelled, crossed the Huai and reached Xiang County. The General-in-Chief Sima Shi marched against them and separately had Zhuge Dan lead the armies of Yu Province from Anfeng Ford toward Shouchun, and had the General Who Conquers the East Hu Zun lead the armies of Qing and Xu Provinces out between Qiao and Song to cut off their way home. Sima Shi ordered his armies to hold their walls firmly and not give battle, and Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin, unable to fight if they advanced and fearing an attack on Shouchun if they withdrew, were at their wits' end. Records, Wei 4 §54Records, Wei 28 §21–22

In the 7th month, in autumn, of that year, Hu Zun, General-in-Chief Who Conquers the East, became General of the Guards, and Zhuge Dan, General-in-Chief Who Guards the East, became General-in-Chief Who Conquers the East. On the jimao day of the 7th month, in autumn, of the 1st year of Ganlu (256), the General of the Guards Hu Zun died. The Records do not record the cause of his death or his age. Records, Wei 4 §56 · 75

In the Romance

In Chapter 106 of the Romance, Sima Yi sets out to attack Gongsun Yuan, makes Hu Zun his vanguard and has him go ahead to pitch camp in Liaodong. When Gongsun Yuan has Bei Yan and Yang Zuo hold Liaosui with 80,000 men behind a moat more than 20 li long, Hu Zun reports this to Sima Yi, who leaves the position alone and heads for Xiangping by a byroad. When Gongsun Yuan and his son slip out of the city at night and find their way blocked by Sima Yi, Hu Zun's troops arrive, and Xiahou Ba, Xiahou Wei, Zhang Hu and Yue Chen close in on all sides, so that the two dismount and surrender. When Sima Yi goes to take Xiangping, Hu Zun has already led his troops into the city. Romance, Ch. 106 §9 · 24–26

In Chapter 108, when Sun Quan dies, Sima Shi resolves to attack Wu and has the General-in-Chief Who Conquers the South Wang Chang attack Nan Commandery, the General Who Conquers the East Hu Zun attack Dongxing, and the Commander Who Guards the South Guanqiu Jian attack Wuchang, each with 100,000 men, making his younger brother Sima Zhao Grand Commander in overall charge of the three columns. In the 12th month, in winter, of that year, Sima Zhao makes Hu Zun the vanguard in overall charge of the three columns' troops and sends him forward, telling him first to lay a pontoon bridge and take the great dyke at Dongxing, and then to seize the two forts on its left and right as well. Romance, Ch. 108 §7–10

Hu Zun crosses the pontoon bridge, stations his troops on the dyke and sends Huan Jia and Han Zong to attack the two forts, but the Wu generals Quan Duan and Liu Lüe defend them to the death and they cannot be taken. Hu Zun pitches camp at Xutang, and when heavy snow falls in the depth of winter he sets out a drinking party with his generals and holds a great feast. On receiving a report that thirty warships are coming, he goes out to look and says, 'They are no more than three thousand men—what is there to fear?', merely has a subordinate general keep watch, and goes on drinking. Romance, Ch. 108 §13–14

When Ding Feng's men, armed only with short swords, land on the shore, storm the camp and kill Han Zong and Huan Jia, Hu Zun hastily mounts his horse, cuts his way out and flees. The Wei troops rush for the pontoon bridge, but it has already been cut and more than half of them drown; Sima Zhao, Wang Chang and Guanqiu Jian, too, hearing of the defeat at Dongxing, withdraw their troops. Later, when Zhuge Ke besieges the New City, Sima Shi follows the advice of his Registrar and has Sima Zhao help Guo Huai hold off Jiang Wei, and has Guanqiu Jian and Hu Zun hold off the Wu army. Romance, Ch. 108 §15–17 · 20–21

In Chapter 110, when Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin rebel, Sima Shi goes east in person despite his illness and has the General Who Conquers the East Hu Zun lead the troops of Qing Province out into the lands of Qiao and Song to cut off their way home. When Wen Qin tries to return to Xiangcheng, the three columns of Hu Zun, Wang Ji and Deng Ai all arrive, and when Guanqiu Jian leads every soldier in the city out to fight, Hu Zun and Wang Ji attack him from all sides, and Guanqiu Jian flees with some ten horsemen. Romance, Ch. 110 §6 · 24–25

Where the Romance differs

Vanguard in Liaodong: In Chapter 106 of the Romance, Hu Zun goes ahead as the vanguard to pitch camp in Liaodong, surrounds Gongsun Yuan and his son, and enters the city of Xiangping before Sima Yi. In the Biography of Gongsun Yuan in the Records, Hu Zun's only part is that Sima Yi sent the general Hu Zun and others, who routed Bei Yan when he came out to fight. Romance, Ch. 106 §9 · 25–26Records, Wei 8 §47

Command of the Dongxing expedition: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Sima Zhao is in overall charge of the three columns as Grand Commander, and Wang Chang, Hu Zun and Guanqiu Jian each lead 100,000 men. In the Annals of the Three Young Emperors in the Records, an edict ordered Wang Chang, Hu Zun, Guanqiu Jian and others to attack Wu, and the Wu records state that Zhuge Dan, Hu Zun and others surrounded Dongxing with 70,000 foot and horse. Sima Zhao's name does not appear in these records. Romance, Ch. 108 §8Records, Wei 4 §34Records, Wu 3 §4Records, Wu 19 §28

The generals who attacked Dongxing with him: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, those who attack Dongxing are Hu Zun and, under him, Huan Jia and Han Zong. In the Records, Zhuge Dan attacked Dongxing together with Hu Zun, and the Biography of Guanqiu Jian records that Zhuge Dan fought at Dongguan and fared badly. Romance, Ch. 108 §13Records, Wu 10 §99Records, Wei 28 §19

The drinking party and Xutang: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Hu Zun pitches camp at Xutang, holds a drinking party with his generals, and on seeing thirty boats scorns them as only three thousand men. The Biographies of Zhuge Ke and Ding Feng in the Records say only that, the weather being cold and snowy, the Wei generals gathered to drink; there are no words of Hu Zun's. It was also Ding Feng who seized Xutang. Romance, Ch. 108 §13–14Records, Wu 19 §29Records, Wu 10 §100

The broken pontoon bridge: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Ding Feng personally cuts down Han Zong and runs Huan Jia through, and the Wei troops drown before a pontoon bridge that has already been cut. In the Biography of Zhuge Ke in the Records, the bridge collapsed and broke as the Wei troops rushed to cross it; Huan Jia and others died together and Han Zong was beheaded. The Biography of Zhu Yi records that Zhu Yi attacked the pontoon bridge with a naval force and broke it. Romance, Ch. 108 §16–17Records, Wu 19 §30Records, Wu 11 §65

The campaign against Guanqiu Jian: In Chapter 110 of the Romance, Hu Zun goes out with the troops of Qing Province and later attacks Guanqiu Jian from all sides together with Wang Ji. In the Records, what Hu Zun commanded were the armies of Qing and Xu Provinces, and his task was to cut off the rebels' way home between Qiao and Song. Sima Shi ordered his armies not to give battle, and Guanqiu Jian, hearing that Wen Qin had been defeated, fled by night and his host broke up. Romance, Ch. 110 §6 · 25Records, Wei 28 §22 · 24

The campaign against the Xiongnu: The Annals of Emperor Ming in the Records record that in the 1st year of Qinglong (233) Hu Zun and others put down the rebellion of Hubojuzizhi and other Xiongnu chiefs of Anding. In the Romance Hu Zun first appears in Chapter 106, and this episode does not appear. Records, Wei 3 §32Romance, Ch. 106 §9

Office and death: In the Romance Hu Zun's office appears only as General Who Conquers the East, and he does not appear after Chapter 110. In the Records he went from General-in-Chief Who Conquers the East to General of the Guards in the 7th month, in autumn, of the 2nd year of Zhengyuan (255), and died in the 7th month, in autumn, of the 1st year of Ganlu (256). Romance, Ch. 108 §8Romance, Ch. 110 §6Records, Wei 4 §56 · 75

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA5852−6
  • STR4242±0
  • INT4022−18
  • POL3833−5
  • CHA4238−4
  • VIR4540−5
  • ADP4538−7
  • SCH3131±0
  • DIP3331−2
  • DIS3833−5
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

IntelligenceR40UnverifiedN22 −18

RNo direct record — at Dongxing the Wei generals underestimated the enemyWu 19 §29

NHeld a drinking party in the snow and scorned 3,000 men, then was caught by surpriseCh. 108 §13Ch. 108 §14

9 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR58N52 −6

    RDefeated the Xiongnu and Bei Yan, but suffered a crushing defeat at DongxingWei 3 §32Wei 8 §47Wu 19 §29

    NEntered Xiangping first as vanguard in Liaodong, but suffered a crushing defeat at DongxingCh. 106 §9Ch. 106 §26Ch. 108 §17

  • StrengthR42UnverifiedN42Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a military officerWei 8 §47

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military officerCh. 106 §25

  • PoliticsR38UnverifiedN33Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 4 §56

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalCh. 108 §8

  • CharismaR42UnverifiedN38Unverified −4

    RNo direct record — summoned by Zhang Ji, he attained fame and rankWei 15 §55

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalCh. 108 §10

  • VirtueR45UnverifiedN40Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 4 §75

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalCh. 108 §21

  • AdaptabilityR45UnverifiedN38Unverified −7

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career, which rose to General of the GuardsWei 4 §75

    NNo direct record — the record of his cutting his way out and fleeingCh. 108 §17

  • ScholarshipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a military officerWei 15 §55

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military officerCh. 108 §13

  • DiplomacyR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a military officerWei 4 §56

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military officerCh. 106 §9

  • DiscernmentR38UnverifiedN33Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 28 §22

    NNo direct record — only the record of his sending Huan Jia and Han ZongCh. 108 §13

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (3)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Wei · Romance · Romance ch. 108 「唤王昶、胡遵、毋丘俭到帐中计议」 · Q124613696

Family

ChildrenHu Fen Records, Hu Lie Records

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.

Related events (4)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).