Liu Lüe 留略

RecordsRomance Wu 유략

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OccupationRGeneral · Administrator of DonghaiFactionWu
AppearsRNBiography in
BornNative placeDongyang Commandery Changshan County Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR4

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Liu Lüe was a general of Wu. He has no biography of his own in the Records; his name appears in the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in Records of Wu 3 and in the record of Zhuge Ke in Records of Wu 19. In the 10th month, in winter, of the 1st year of Jianxing (252), when the Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke built a great embankment at Dongxing once more and built two forts on its left and right, Liu Lüe guarded the eastern fort as Commandant. Hu Zun, Zhuge Dan and others of Wei attacked the two forts with 70,000 men, but because the forts stood on high, steep ground they could not take them quickly, and in the 12th month of that year Zhuge Ke inflicted a great defeat on the Wei army at Dongxing. Records, Wu 3 §4–5Records, Wu 19 §28–29

In the 2nd year of Wufeng (255) he became Administrator of Donghai. Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, his origin, his later deeds or his death, and there is no assessment of him. In the Romance he appears in Chapter 108 as a Wu general holding the right-hand fort at Dongxing; he appears only in this one of its 120 chapters, and no chapter has his name in its title. Records, Wu 3 §11 · 4Records, Wu 19 §28Romance, Ch. 108 §13

In the Records

According to the record of Zhuge Ke, Sun Quan had built an embankment at Dongxing in the 2nd year of Huanglong (230) to hold back the waters of the lake, but after he used it to bring his boats inside when he was defeated on a later campaign against Huainan, it was abandoned and never repaired. In the 10th month of the 1st year of Jianxing (252), Zhuge Ke gathered his forces at Dongxing and built a great embankment once more, and, resting against the hills on the left and right, built two forts flanking the embankment, left a thousand men in each for Quan Duan and Liu Lüe to guard, and led the army back. The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers states that the general Quan Duan guarded the western fort and the Commandant Liu Lüe the eastern fort. Records, Wu 19 §28Records, Wu 3 §4

Wei, ashamed at the insult of the Wu army entering its territory, had its senior commanders Hu Zun, Zhuge Dan and others lead 70,000 men to surround the two strongholds and break down the embankment. The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers states that in the 12th month Wei had 70,000 infantry and cavalry surround Dongxing, while the general Wang Chang (王昶) attacked Nan Commandery and Guanqiu Jian advanced toward Wuchang. Hu Zun and the others built a pontoon bridge to cross, drew up their troops on the embankment and divided them to attack the two forts, but because the forts stood on high, steep ground they could not take them quickly. Records, Wu 19 §28–29Records, Wu 3 §4

Zhuge Ke raised 40,000 troops and hastened day and night to the rescue, sending the generals Liu Zan (留贊), Lü Ju, Tang Zi and Ding Feng (丁奉) ahead as the vanguard. The weather was cold and snow was falling, and the Wei generals, who had gathered to drink, saw that Liu Zan and the others had few troops and had taken off their armor, climbing the embankment bare-bodied with only helmets, swords and shields; they laughed loudly at them and did not put their troops in order. When the Wu soldiers had climbed up, they beat their drums, raised a great shout and hacked about them, and the Wei army, scrambling to cross the pontoon bridge, threw themselves into the water when the bridge broke and trampled one another. The Administrator of Le'an Huan Jia and others all died at once, and Han Zong, a former defector who had become Commander of the Front Army of Wei, was also beheaded. The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers dates this battle to the wuwu day of the 12th month (early 253 in the Western calendar). Records, Wu 19 §29–30Records, Wu 3 §5

In the 2nd year of Wufeng (255), Wu had the Minister of the Guards Feng Chao build a city at Guangling, and appointed the general Wu Rang Administrator of Guangling and Liu Lüe Administrator of Donghai. In Chen Shou's main text Liu Lüe appears only in his guarding of the fort at Dongxing and in this appointment, and his courtesy name, his origin, his later deeds and his death are not recorded. Records, Wu 3 §11 · 4Records, Wu 19 §28

In the Romance

In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Sima Shi intends to attack Wu, and Sima Zhao says that since Sun Quan has just died and Sun Liang is young and weak, this opening can be exploited. Wang Chang, Hu Zun and Guanqiu Jian then each lead 100,000 men forward in three columns, and Sima Zhao becomes Grand Commander in overall charge of the troops of the three columns. In the 12th month, in winter, of that year, Sima Zhao says that Dongxing Commandery, where Wu has built a great embankment and two forts on its left and right to guard the rear of Lake Chao, is the most vital place, and makes Hu Zun the vanguard, ordering him first to lay a pontoon bridge, take the great embankment and seize the two forts on its left and right. Romance, Ch. 108 §8–10

The Wu Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke has Ding Feng go along the river with 3,000 marines, and has Lü Ju, Tang Zi and Liu Zan each lead 10,000 cavalry and infantry to follow and support him. Meanwhile Hu Zun crosses the pontoon bridge, stations his troops on the embankment and sends Huan Jia and Han Zong to attack the two forts; the left fort is held by the Wu general Quan Duan and the right fort by the Wu general Liu Lüe. The two forts are high, steep and strong and cannot be taken by a hasty attack, and Quan Duan and Liu Lüe, seeing the great strength of the Wei army, dare not come out to fight and defend their forts to the death. Romance, Ch. 108 §11–13

Hu Zun pitches camp at Xutang and, in the depth of winter with heavy snow falling, holds a drinking party with his generals. Ding Feng has his men take off their armor and helmets and carry only short swords, climbs the bank and cuts his way into the Wei camp, striking down Han Zong, and pursues Huan Jia, whose left shoulder he has hit with a thrown blade, and stabs him with Huan Jia's own spear. Because the pontoon bridge has broken, more than half of the Wei army drowns, and Sima Zhao, Wang Chang and Guanqiu Jian, hearing of the defeat at Dongxing, also pull back their troops and withdraw. In the Romance Liu Lüe appears only in this scene of holding the fort. Romance, Ch. 108 §13–17

Where the Romance differs

Offices: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Liu Lüe appears only as a 'Wu general'. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, he was a Commandant when he guarded the eastern fort, and in the 2nd year of Wufeng (255) he became Administrator of Donghai. His becoming Administrator of Donghai is not in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 108 §13Records, Wu 3 §4 · 11

The Wei army that attacked the two forts: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Sima Zhao, as Grand Commander, is in overall charge of the three columns of Wang Chang, Hu Zun and Guanqiu Jian, each 100,000 strong, and Hu Zun attacks the two forts as the vanguard. In the Records, the Annals of the Three Young Emperors states that an edict ordered the General-in-Chief Who Conquers the South Wang Chang, the General Who Conquers the East Hu Zun, the General Who Guards the South Guanqiu Jian and others to attack Wu, and the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers and the record of Zhuge Ke state that Zhuge Dan, Hu Zun and others attacked the two strongholds of Dongxing with 70,000 men. Sima Zhao does not appear in these passages. Romance, Ch. 108 §8–10Records, Wei 4 §34Records, Wu 3 §4Records, Wu 19 §28–29

The battle that relieved the forts: In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Ding Feng leads 3,000 marines in a surprise attack ahead of the others, cuts down Han Zong and stabs Huan Jia with a spear. In the record of Zhuge Ke in the Records, Zhuge Ke came to the rescue with 40,000 troops and sent Liu Zan, Lü Ju, Tang Zi and Ding Feng ahead as the vanguard, and Huan Jia and others all died at once while Han Zong too was beheaded. Who killed the two men is not recorded. Romance, Ch. 108 §11–12 · 16–17Records, Wu 19 §29–30Records, Wu 3 §5

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA5048−2
  • STR4038−2
  • INT3840+2
  • POL4533−12
  • CHA3838±0
  • VIR4545±0
  • ADP4042+2
  • SCH3331−2
  • DIP3331−2
  • DIS3331−2
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

PoliticsR45UnverifiedN33Unverified −12

RNo direct record — estimated from his appointment as Administrator of DonghaiWu 3 §11

NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

9 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR50N48 −2

    RTook charge of guarding the eastern fort at Dongxing as CommandantWu 3 §4Wu 3 §5

    NTook charge of the right-hand fort and defended it to the death before the great Wei armyCh. 108 §13

  • StrengthR40UnverifiedN38Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

  • IntelligenceR38UnverifiedN40Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

  • CharismaR38UnverifiedN38Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

  • VirtueR45UnverifiedN45 ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NDid not come out to fight but defended the fort to the deathCh. 108 §13

  • AdaptabilityR40UnverifiedN42Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

  • ScholarshipR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

  • DiplomacyR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

  • DiscernmentR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his roles as Commandant and AdministratorWu 3 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Wu general defending a fortCh. 108 §13

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (1)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Related events (1)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).