Quan Duan 全端
| Occupation | RGeneral · General | Faction | Wu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Wu Commandery Qiantang County Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R13 |
Profile
Quan Duan was a general of Wu. He has no separate biography in the Records and appears in several biographies of the Records of Wu and the Records of Wei. The Biography of Zhong Hui records him as Quan Cong's nephew, while the Biography of Gu Tan records him as Quan Cong's son. In the battle of Quebei in the 4th year of Chiwu (241) he advanced and attacked together with Quan Xu, and in the 1st year of Jianxing (252) he guarded the western of the two forts that Zhuge Ke built at Dongxing. Records, Wei 28 §99Records, Wu 7 §45Records, Wu 2 §95Records, Wu 3 §4
In the 2nd year of Ganlu (257), when Zhuge Dan of Wei rebelled at Shouchun, he went to the rescue together with Quan Yi (全懌), Tang Zi and others. He was inside the city of Shouchun, and in the 12th month of that year he came out of the city together with Quan Yi and others and surrendered to Sima Wenwang (Sima Zhao). Records, Wei 28 §36 · 99–100Records, Wu 3 §17
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 108 as the Wu general guarding the left fort at Dongxing, and he appears in 4 of the 120 chapters; there is no chapter whose title contains his name. In Chapter 112 he opens the city gate and comes out to surrender to Wei together with Quan Yi (全懌), who has received the letter that Quan Duan's son Quan Yi (全禕) shot into the city. Romance, Ch. 108 §13Romance, Ch. 112 §9–10
In the Records
In the 4th month, summer, of the 4th year of Chiwu (241), Quan Cong, General of the Guards, raided Huainan and fought the Wei general Wang Ling at Quebei. According to the Biography of Gu Tan, the army of Quan Cong, then Grand Commander, fared badly, and when the Wei troops overran the force of Qin Er, commander of the Five Camps, Gu Tan's younger brother Gu Cheng and Zhang Xiu fought hard and halted the Wei army. Quan Cong's sons Quan Xu and Quan Duan were also serving as generals at the time; once the enemy had halted they advanced and attacked, and Wang Ling's army withdrew because of this. Records, Wu 2 §95Records, Wu 7 §44–45
In the assessment of merit, halting the enemy was judged the greater deed and driving the enemy back the lesser, so Zhang Xiu and Gu Cheng became generals with miscellaneous titles, while Quan Xu and Quan Duan remained mere subordinate generals. Quan Ji (全寄) and his father bore all the more resentment and together slandered Gu Tan, who was implicated and exiled to Jiao Province. Records, Wu 7 §44–45
In the 10th month, winter, of the 1st year of Jianxing (252), the Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke led troops to dam Lake Chao, gathered his forces at Dongxing and built a great embankment once more. Resting against the hills on the left and right, he built two forts flanking the embankment, left a thousand men in each, had General Quan Duan guard the western fort and the Commandant Liu Lüe guard the eastern fort, and then led the army back. Records, Wu 3 §4Records, Wu 19 §28
Wei, ashamed that the Wu army had entered its territory, in the 12th month gave Hu Zun, Zhuge Dan and others 70,000 infantry and cavalry to surround the two forts and break the embankment. Hu Zun and the others crossed on pontoon bridges, deployed on the embankment and divided their troops to attack the two forts, but the forts stood on high, steep ground and could not be taken quickly. Zhuge Ke, who had raised 40,000 troops and hastened there day and night, routed the Wei army at Dongxing on the day wuwu of the 12th month (early 253 CE) and killed Han Zong, Huan Jia and others. Records, Wu 3 §4–5Records, Wu 19 §28–29
In the 5th month of the 2nd year of Ganlu (257), Zhuge Dan, General-in-Chief Who Conquers the East of Wei, held the city of Shouchun with the forces of Huainan, sent General Zhu Cheng to submit a memorial declaring himself a vassal of Wu, and had his Chief Clerk Wu Gang take his son Zhuge Jing there to ask for help. In the 6th month Wu gave Wen Qin, Tang Zi, Quan Duan and others 30,000 infantry and cavalry to rescue Zhuge Dan. The Biography of Zhuge Dan records that Wu had Quan Yi (全懌), Quan Duan, Tang Zi, Wang Zuo and others lead 30,000 men secretly together with Wen Qin, and that before the encirclement by Wang Ji, General Who Guards the South, had closed, Tang Zi, Wen Qin and others made use of the hills and rugged terrain northeast of the city and got inside. Records, Wu 3 §16Records, Wei 28 §36
Sima Wenwang (Sima Zhao), the General-in-Chief, came leading 260,000 troops of the central and provincial armies and had Wang Ji, Chen Qian and others surround Shouchun in a double ring, inside and out, while Zhu Yi of Wu, who came to the rescue, was repeatedly beaten and was put to death by Sun Chen. The Biography of Zhong Hui records that the Wu grand general Quan Cong was a relative by marriage and a senior minister of Sun Quan, and that his son Quan Yi (全懌), his grandson Quan Jing, and his nephews Quan Duan, Quan Pian, Quan Ji (全緝) and others all came leading troops to rescue Zhuge Dan. Meanwhile, younger members of the Quan family who had stayed at Jianye went over to Wei. The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers record that in the 11th month Quan Xu's sons Quan Yi (全禕) and Quan Yi (全儀) fled to Wei with their mother, while the Biography of Zhong Hui records that Quan Hui and Quan Yi (全儀), sons of Quan Yi (全懌)'s elder brother, after a family quarrel and lawsuit, took their mother, led several dozen households of their retainers across the River, and went over to Wenwang of their own accord. Records, Wei 28 §37–38 · 99Records, Wu 3 §17
Zhong Hui devised a plan: he secretly wrote a letter in the names of Quan Hui and Quan Yi (全儀) and had people they trusted carry it into the city to inform Quan Yi (全懌) and the others. The letter said that the Wu court, angered that Quan Yi and the others had failed to break the siege of Shouchun, meant to kill the families of all the generals, and that they had therefore fled and come to entrust their lives to Wei. Quan Yi and the others, frightened, led the troops under their command out through the eastern gate and surrendered, and all received fiefs and favor. Because of this, those inside the city turned against one another and fell apart. Records, Wei 28 §99–100
The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers record that in the 12th month Quan Duan, Quan Yi (全懌) and others went from the city of Shouchun to Sima Wenwang, and the Annals of the Three Young Emperors record that in the 12th month, winter, the Wu grand generals Quan Duan, Quan Yi and others surrendered with their troops. The Biography of Zhuge Dan records that the General-in-Chief used a ruse to sow discord and won over Quan Yi and the others, and that when they opened the city gate and came out leading several thousand men, the city was struck with fear. Records, Wu 3 §17Records, Wei 4 §87Records, Wei 28 §38
The Biographies of Consorts record that at that time five men of the Quan family held marquisates and all commanded troops, but when Zhuge Dan came over with Shouchun, Quan Yi (全懌), Quan Duan, Quan Yi (全禕), Quan Yi (全儀) and others all took the opportunity to surrender to Wei, and Quan Xi was killed when his plot leaked, so that the Quan clan declined. Later, Sun Chen, who had deposed Sun Liang, said in a letter to Sun Xiu that the Minister of Ceremonies Quan Shang, though his family had received favor for generations, had failed to keep his kinsmen in check, and that Quan Duan and others had abandoned their city and gone over to Wei. Records, Wu 5 §29Records, Wu 19 §88–91
In the Romance
In Chapter 108 of the Romance, Sima Zhao makes Hu Zun the vanguard and has him seize the great embankment of Dongxing and the two forts on its left and right. Hu Zun crosses the pontoon bridge, stations his troops on the embankment and sends Huan Jia and Han Zong to attack the two forts; the left fort is held by the Wu general Quan Duan and the right fort by the Wu general Liu Lüe. The two forts are high, steep and strong and cannot be taken in a hurry, and Quan Duan and Liu Lüe, seeing the great strength of the Wei army, dare not come out to fight and defend their forts to the death. Romance, Ch. 108 §10 · 13
While heavy snow falls, Hu Zun holds a drinking party with his generals, and Ding Feng, with 3,000 soldiers who have taken off their armor and carry only short swords, climbs the bank, attacks the Wei camp and cuts down Han Zong and Huan Jia. Because the pontoon bridge has been broken, more than half of the Wei soldiers fall into the water and drown. Romance, Ch. 108 §13 · 15–17
In Chapter 111, when Zhuge Dan's Chief Clerk Wu Gang brings Zhuge Dan's son Zhuge Jing as a hostage and asks for help, Sun Chen sends 70,000 troops divided into three divisions, with the grand generals Quan Yi (全懌) and Quan Duan as commanders, Yu Quan as the rear guard, Zhu Yi and Tang Zi as the vanguard, and Wen Qin as guide. Romance, Ch. 111 §31–32
In Chapter 112, when Zhu Yi, rebuked by Sun Chen with the threat that he will be beheaded if he fails to win again, returns to his camp to confer, Yu Quan offers to enter Shouchun by its south gate, which is not under siege, and help hold the city. Quan Yi (全懌), Quan Duan, Wen Qin and others all wish to enter the city as well, and together with Yu Quan they lead 10,000 troops in through the south gate. When Zhu Yi is defeated again, Sun Chen beheads him, rebukes Quan Duan's son Quan Yi (全禕), saying that unless he drives off the Wei army, father and son need not think of seeing him again, and then returns to Jianye. Romance, Ch. 112 §5–6 · 8
Quan Yi (全禕) sets out to enter Shouchun, but seeing the great strength of the Wei army he surrenders to Sima Zhao and is made a Lieutenant General; he writes a family letter to his father Quan Duan and his uncle Quan Yi (全懌), saying that Sun Chen is unjust and that it would be better to surrender to Wei, and shoots it into the city. On receiving the letter, Quan Yi (全懌) opens the city gate and comes out to surrender together with Quan Duan, leading several thousand men. In Chapter 113, Sun Chen, hearing that Quan Duan, Tang Zi and others have surrendered to Wei, flies into a rage and has all their families beheaded. Romance, Ch. 112 §9–10Romance, Ch. 113 §2
Where the Romance differs
Quebei: In the Romance, Quan Duan first appears in the battle of Dongxing in Chapter 108, and the battle of Quebei does not appear in the Romance. In the Records' Biography of Gu Tan, at Quebei in the 4th year of Chiwu (241), after Zhang Xiu and Gu Cheng had halted the Wei army, Quan Duan advanced and attacked together with Quan Xu, and Wang Ling's army withdrew because of this. His merit was judged small, and he remained a mere subordinate general. Romance, Ch. 108 §13Records, Wu 2 §95Records, Wu 7 §44–45
The relief army: In Chapter 111 of the Romance, Sun Chen makes Quan Yi (全懌) and Quan Duan commanders and sends 70,000 troops divided into three divisions. In the Records, the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers record that Wen Qin, Tang Zi, Quan Duan and others were given 30,000 infantry and cavalry, and the Biography of Zhuge Dan records that Quan Yi, Quan Duan, Tang Zi, Wang Zuo and others came leading 30,000 men together with Wen Qin. Romance, Ch. 111 §32Records, Wu 3 §16Records, Wei 28 §36
The way into the city: In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Quan Duan, together with Quan Yi (全懌), Wen Qin and others, follows Yu Quan into Shouchun through the south gate, which is not under siege. In the Records' Biography of Zhuge Dan, before the encirclement by Wang Ji had closed, Tang Zi, Wen Qin and others made use of the hills and rugged terrain northeast of the city and got inside. Romance, Ch. 112 §6Records, Wei 28 §36
Quan Yi (全禕): In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Quan Yi (全禕) is Quan Duan's son. In the Records, the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers record Quan Yi (全禕) as Quan Xu's son, and the Biography of Zhong Hui records those who went over to Wei as Quan Hui and Quan Yi (全儀), sons of Quan Yi (全懌)'s elder brother. Romance, Ch. 112 §8Records, Wu 3 §17Records, Wei 28 §99
The letter that brought the surrender: In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Quan Yi (全禕), who has surrendered to Sima Zhao, writes a family letter to his father Quan Duan and his uncle Quan Yi (全懌) and shoots it into the city. In the Records' Biography of Zhong Hui, Zhong Hui secretly wrote the letter in the names of Quan Hui and Quan Yi (全儀), who had gone over to Wei of their own accord after a family quarrel, and had people they trusted carry it into the city. The letter said that the Wu court meant to kill the families of all the generals. Romance, Ch. 112 §9–10Records, Wei 28 §99–100
The families left behind: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Sun Chen has the families of Quan Duan, Tang Zi and others all beheaded. The Records' Biography of Zhuge Dan records that when Wei gave titles and ranks to Tang Zi and the subordinate generals, Jiangdong too was moved by this, and none of their families were put to death. In the Biographies of Consorts, the member of the Quan family who was killed is Quan Xi, whose plot had leaked. Romance, Ch. 113 §2Records, Wei 28 §46–47Records, Wu 5 §29
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
- LEA5045−5
- STR4036−4
- INT3032+2
- POL3331−2
- CHA3635−1
- VIR2525±0
- ADP4240−2
- SCH3131±0
- DIP3331−2
- DIS3331−2
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.
10 similar abilities — show evidence
RGuarded the western fort on the Dongxing embankment and became a commander of the 30,000-strong relief army for ShouchunWu 19 §28Wu 3 §16
NHeld the left fort at Dongxing to the death and became a commander of the relief army for ShouchunCh. 108 §13Ch. 111 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a general who held a fortWu 19 §28
NDared not come out to fight in the face of the Wei army's strengthCh. 108 §13
RSurrendered in fear over a false family letter contrived by Zhong HuiWei 28 §99Wei 28 §100
NOpened the city gate and surrendered together with Quan Yi (全懌), who had received the letter sent by his son Quan Yi (全禕)Ch. 112 §9Ch. 112 §10
RNo direct record — estimated from his origin in a consort clan that commanded troopsWu 5 §29
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 111 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a general of a consort clanWu 5 §29
NNo direct record — estimated from his leading several thousand men out of the cityCh. 112 §10
RAbandoned Shouchun, which he had entered to relieve, and surrendered to WeiWu 3 §17Wu 19 §91
NSurrendered to Wei from the city he had gone to relieve, and his family was wiped outCh. 112 §10Ch. 113 §2
ROpened the gate and came out in fear, but received a fief from WeiWei 28 §100Wei 4 §87
NAfter the relief army withdrew, surrendered with several thousand men at the urging of his son Quan Yi (全禕)Ch. 112 §10
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderWu 5 §29
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 111 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderWu 3 §16
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 111 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderWu 3 §16
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a military commanderCh. 111 §32
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (4)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Wu · Romance · Romance ch. 108 「左城中乃吴将全端守把,右城中乃吴将留略守把」 · Q124653748
Family
| Children | Quan Yi(全禕) Romance |
|---|---|
| Relatives | Quan Cong Records |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.
Related events (2)
- Battle of Dongxing 252~253 · Appears (Romance scene)
- Zhuge Dan's Rebellion 257~258 · Command
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).