RThe plot to remove Sun Chen leaked and he was attacked firstWu 19 §88
NTold his wife, Sun Chen's sister, of the plan, and the plot leakedCh. 113 §6
| Occupation | ROfficial · Minister of Ceremonies | Faction | Wu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | N? Unverified | Native place | |
| Died | N258 Unverified | Place of death | |
| Cause of death | RKilled NKilled Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R11 |
Quan Shang was the father of Empress Quan, consort of Sun Liang of Wu. Sun Liang's elder sister Princess Quan repeatedly praised Quan Shang's daughter and urged that she be taken as Sun Liang's wife, and when Sun Liang became Crown Prince in the 13th year of Chiwu (250), the daughter became his consort. When his daughter was made empress, Quan Shang became Colonel of the City Gates and was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village; he replaced Teng Yin as Minister of Ceremonies and General of the Guards, was raised to Marquis of Yongping, and took charge of the affairs of the Imperial Secretariat. Records, Wu 3 §2Records, Wu 5 §28
In the 3rd year of Taiping (258) he joined Sun Liang's plot to kill Sun Chen, who was wielding power at will, but the plan leaked and he was seized by Sun Chen. Sun Liang was deposed as Prince of Kuaiji, and Quan Shang was moved with his household to Lingling, where he was killed by men sent after him. Records, Wu 3 §18Records, Wu 19 §88Records, Wu 5 §29
The Records has no biography of him, and his name does not appear in Chen Shou's assessments either. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 113, that is, in 1 of the 120 chapters, and his name is not in any chapter title. After hearing from his son Quan Ji about Sun Liang's secret edict, he tells his wife, the matter leaks to Sun Chen, and he is killed by Sun Chen. Records, Wu 5 §42Romance, Ch. 113 §6–8
In his old age Sun Quan was especially attached to his youngest son Sun Liang. Sun Liang's elder sister, Princess Quan, Sun Luban, had earlier slandered the Crown Prince Sun He and his mother and felt uneasy, so, relying on Sun Quan's inclination and wishing to secure ties for herself in advance, she repeatedly praised Quan Shang's daughter and urged that she be taken as Sun Liang's wife. Quan Shang's daughter was loved by the princess, her great-aunt, and whenever the princess went to the palace she always took the girl with her. When Sun He was deposed in the 13th year of Chiwu (250), Sun Quan made Sun Liang Crown Prince and made Lady Quan his consort. Records, Wu 3 §2Records, Wu 5 §15 · 28
After Sun Liang took the throne, Lady Quan was made empress in the 1st month of the 2nd year of Jianxing (253). Quan Shang then became Colonel of the City Gates and was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village; he replaced Teng Yin as Minister of Ceremonies and General of the Guards, was raised to Marquis of Yongping, and took charge of the affairs of the Imperial Secretariat. At that time five members of the Quan family had been enfeoffed as marquises, all of them commanding troops, while the rest served as Attendant Gentlemen and Chief Commandants of Cavalry, standing guard at the emperor's side. Chen Shou wrote that since the rise of Wu no consort family had ever matched them in honor and prosperity. Records, Wu 3 §3 · 6Records, Wu 5 §28–29
Quan Shang's wife was the elder sister of Sun Jun. During the Jianxing era, when Sun Jun monopolized power, the members of the imperial clan were all anxious, and for this reason Princess Quan alone was protected. Records, Wu 5 §31
In the 2nd year of Taiping (257), when Zhuge Dan of Wei came over to Wu with Shouchun, Quan Yi (全懌), Quan Duan, Quan Yi (全禕), Quan Yi (全儀) and others all took the opportunity to surrender to Wei. In the 11th month of that year Quan Xu's sons Quan Yi (全禕) and Quan Yi (全儀) fled to Wei with their mother, and in the 12th month Quan Duan, Quan Yi (全懌) and others went from Shouchun to Sima Zhao. Quan Xi was killed when his plot leaked, and because of this the Quan clan declined. Records, Wu 3 §15–17Records, Wu 5 §29
As Sun Liang began to rule in person and often questioned him closely, Sun Chen grew afraid, stayed away from court on the pretext of illness, and stationed his younger brothers among the palace guards and the various camps. Sun Liang, wary of Sun Chen, did not heed Sun Chen when he came in to remonstrate, and discussed killing Sun Chen with Princess Sun Luban, the Minister of Ceremonies Quan Shang and the general Liu Cheng. Sun Liang's consort, the daughter of Sun Chen's elder female cousin, revealed the plot to Sun Chen. On the day wuwu in the 9th month of the 3rd year of Taiping (258), Sun Chen led his men in a night attack that seized Quan Shang, sent his younger brother Sun En to kill Liu Cheng outside the Canglong Gate, and then surrounded the palace. Sun Liang was deposed and made Prince of Kuaiji; he was sixteen at the time. Records, Wu 19 §87–88Records, Wu 3 §18
In the letter he sent when welcoming Sun Xiu, Prince of Langye, Sun Chen said that the Minister of Ceremonies Quan Shang, though he had received favor for generations, had failed to keep his clansmen in check, so that Quan Duan and others abandoned their city and went over to Wei; that although his position was excessively weighty he had never spoken a single word of remonstrance, but instead had dealings with the enemy and had news of the state passed to them, so that Sun Chen feared he would surely endanger the altars of the state. He then reported that on the 27th day of that month he had captured Quan Shang and beheaded Liu Cheng. Records, Wu 19 §90–92
Sun Chen sent the general Sun Dan to escort Sun Liang to his fief, and moved Quan Shang to Lingling and the princess to Yuzhang. Quan Shang's daughter, Lady Quan (Sun Liang), followed Sun Liang to his fief and lived at Houguan, while Quan Shang was moved with his household to Lingling, where he was killed by men sent after him. The Records does not separately record the year of his death. Records, Wu 19 §93Records, Wu 5 §29
In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Sun Chen, General-in-Chief of Eastern Wu, hears that Quan Duan, Tang Zi and others have surrendered to Wei and has all their families beheaded. Sun Liang, the ruler of Wu, is then only sixteen and inwardly disapproves of Sun Chen's excessive killing. Weeping, Sun Liang proposes to Quan Ji, the imperial in-law and Gentleman of the Yellow Gate at his side, that they move against Sun Chen, and says that if Quan Ji musters the palace troops and guards the city gates together with the general Liu Cheng, he will go out himself and kill Sun Chen. He warns, however, that Quan Ji's mother is Sun Chen's sister and must on no account be told. Romance, Ch. 113 §2 · 5–6
Quan Ji receives the secret edict, returns home and secretly tells his father Quan Shang. Learning of this, Quan Shang tells his wife, 'Within three days Sun Chen will be killed.' His wife answers aloud that killing him is right, but secretly has someone carry a letter to inform Sun Chen. Enraged, Sun Chen that night summons his four younger brothers, first surrounds the palace with elite troops, and at the same time arrests Quan Shang, Liu Cheng and their households. Romance, Ch. 113 §6–7
At daybreak Sun Liang points at Empress Quan and rebukes her, 'Your father and brother have ruined my great undertaking,' and draws his sword to go out, but Empress Quan, the Palace Attendants and other close ministers cling to his robes, weeping, and hold him back. Sun Chen first kills Quan Shang, Liu Cheng and others, then summons the civil and military officials, announces that he will depose Sun Liang, and makes Sun Liang Prince of Kuaiji. Sun Xiu then takes the throne and changes the era name to the 1st year of Yong'an. Romance, Ch. 113 §8 · 10 · 13
How the plot leaked: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Quan Shang tells his wife about the secret edict he heard of from his son Quan Ji, and his wife secretly informs Sun Chen by letter. In the Biography of Sun Chen in the Records, it was Sun Liang's consort who revealed the plot to Sun Chen. Romance, Ch. 113 §6–7Records, Wu 19 §88
Quan Shang's wife: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Sun Liang says that Quan Ji's mother is Sun Chen's sister. In the Biographies of Consorts in the Records, Quan Shang's wife is the elder sister of Sun Jun, and the Biography of Sun Chen records Sun Liang's consort as the daughter of Sun Chen's elder female cousin. Romance, Ch. 113 §6Records, Wu 5 §31Records, Wu 19 §88
Those in the plot: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Sun Liang entrusts the matter to the imperial in-law Quan Ji, having him guard the city gates together with the general Liu Cheng. In the Records, those with whom Sun Liang discussed killing Sun Chen were Princess Sun Luban, the Minister of Ceremonies Quan Shang and the general Liu Cheng, and Quan Ji does not appear in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 113 §5Records, Wu 19 §88Records, Wu 3 §18
Quan Shang's death: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Sun Chen first kills Quan Shang, Liu Cheng and others on the day he surrounds the palace. In the Records, Sun Chen captured Quan Shang, beheaded Liu Cheng and moved Quan Shang to Lingling. Quan Shang was moved with his household to Lingling, where he was killed by men sent after him. Romance, Ch. 113 §8Records, Wu 19 §92–93Records, Wu 5 §29
Position: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Quan Shang appears without any office, only as Quan Ji's father. In the Records, when his daughter became empress he rose through Colonel of the City Gates and Marquis of a Chief Village to Minister of Ceremonies and General of the Guards, Marquis of Yongping, and the charge of the affairs of the Imperial Secretariat, and Sun Chen said that his position was excessively weighty. Romance, Ch. 113 §6Records, Wu 5 §28Records, Wu 19 §92
Families of the clansmen who surrendered: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Sun Chen hears that Quan Duan, Tang Zi and others have surrendered to Wei and has all their families beheaded. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, Quan Xu's sons Quan Yi (全禕) and Quan Yi (全儀) fled to Wei with their mother, and the Biographies of Consorts record that Quan Xi was killed when his plot leaked and that the Quan clan declined. Chen Shou's main text has no record of Sun Chen beheading all their families. Romance, Ch. 113 §2Records, Wu 3 §17Records, Wu 5 §29Records, Wu 19 §84–87
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RThe plot to remove Sun Chen leaked and he was attacked firstWu 19 §88
NTold his wife, Sun Chen's sister, of the plan, and the plot leakedCh. 113 §6
RNo direct record — estimated from his part in the plot against a powerful ministerWu 19 §88
NLearned of the secret edict his son Quan Ji had received, and sought to kill the powerful minister Sun ChenCh. 113 §6
RNo direct record — estimated from his office as General of the GuardsWu 5 §28
NNo direct record — estimated from his career as an imperial in-lawCh. 113 §6
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as an imperial in-lawWu 5 §28
NNo direct recordCh. 113 §6
RSun Chen's letter said he failed to restrain his clan and never offered a word of remonstranceWu 19 §91
NNo direct recordCh. 113 §6
RNo direct recordWu 5 §29
NNo direct recordCh. 113 §6
RHis clansmen surrendered to Wei, and when the plot leaked he was seized and exiledWu 5 §29Wu 19 §93
NSeized with his household after the leak and put to deathCh. 113 §7
RNo direct recordWu 5 §28
NNo direct recordCh. 113 §6
RNo direct recordWu 5 §28
NNo direct recordCh. 113 §6
RHis clansmen Quan Yi, Quan Duan and others surrendered to WeiWu 5 §29
NNo direct recordCh. 113 §6
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
| Children | Quan Ji Romance |
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Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.