RBroke through the pass fortress and seized its grain, and burned Zhu Yi's provisions with a surprise force of 5,000Wei 28 §105Wu 19 §86Wu 3 §46
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Protector of the Army under Zhong HuiCh. 116 §3
| Occupation | RNGeneral · Protector of the Army | Faction | Wei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Anding Commandery Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R14 |
Hu Lie was a general of Wei. The Records has no separate biography of him, and he appears in various biographies in the Records of Wei and the Records of Wu. When Zhuge Dan rebelled, as Administrator of Taishan he burned the supplies and provisions stockpiled by Zhu Yi of Wu, and in the 4th year of Jingyuan (263), when Zhong Hui attacked Shu, he went ahead as Protector of the Army, broke through the pass fortress and pursued Jiang Wei. Records, Wu 19 §86Records, Wei 28 §105 · 114–115
In the 1st month of the following year at Chengdu, when Zhong Hui plotted rebellion and confined the generals, Hu Lie falsely told his personal guard and his son that Zhong Hui intended to bury the troops outside in a pit, and the word spread through the various armies. Beginning with his troops and his son marching out to the beat of drums, the armies rose up, and Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei were killed. That year, when Wu besieged Luo Xian at Badong, he attacked Xiling and relieved him. Records, Wei 28 §125–128Records, Wu 3 §46
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 116 as a Protector of the Army under Zhong Hui, and he appears in 2 of the 120 chapters; his name is in no chapter title. In Chapter 119, while confined, he sends a secret letter to his son Hu Yuan through his former subordinate Qiu Jian and has the generals attack Zhong Hui. Romance, Ch. 116 §3Romance, Ch. 119 §12–14
When Zhuge Dan rebelled at Shouchun, Sun Chen of Wu had Zhu Yi lead the general Ding Feng and others, 50,000 men in all, to attack Wei, leaving the baggage train at Dulu. When Zhu Yi was defeated by Wei's Army Supervisor Shi Bao and Zhou Tai (州泰) and fell back, Hu Lie, Wei's Administrator of Taishan, raided Dulu by a byway with a surprise force of 5,000 and burned all of Zhu Yi's supplies and provisions. Sun Chen beheaded Zhu Yi at Huoli for not obeying his order to fight to the death. Records, Wu 19 §85–86
In the 4th year of Jingyuan (263), when Zhong Hui led a host of more than 100,000 against Shu, he passed straight through and went west out of the Yang'an Pass, and had the Protector of the Army Hu Lie and others go ahead to attack and break the pass fortress (Guancheng), obtaining the grain stored in its granaries. Jiang Wei, who had been returning from Tazhong to go to the pass fortress, heard that it had already fallen, withdrew toward Baishui, and joined Zhang Yi, Liao Hua and others to hold Jiange. Records, Wei 28 §103 · 105
When Deng Ai beheaded Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu, Jiang Wei and the others led their troops east into Ba, and Zhong Hui advanced to Fu County and sent Hu Lie, Tian Xu, Pang Hui and others to pursue Jiang Wei. When Liu Shan surrendered to Deng Ai and ordered Jiang Wei and the others to surrender to Zhong Hui, Jiang Wei reached Qi County in Guanghan Commandery, had his soldiers lay down all their weapons, sent his tally and passes to Hu Lie, and then went by the eastern road to Zhong Hui and surrendered. Zhong Hui reported in a memorial that he had sent the Major Xiahou Xian, the Protector of the Army Hu Lie and others by way of Jiange to come out at Xindu and Dadu and cut off Jiang Wei and the others in front. Records, Wei 28 §114–115
After Deng Ai pacified Shu and conferred offices in the name of carrying out the emperor's commission, Sima Wenwang (Sima Zhao) had the Army Supervisor Wei Guan admonish him not to act on his own authority, and Deng Ai repeatedly sent letters arguing back. Zhong Hui, Hu Lie, Shi Zuan and others all reported that Deng Ai's conduct was perverse and rebellious. An edict was issued to summon Deng Ai in a cage cart. Records, Wei 28 §79–80
Zhong Hui arrived at Chengdu on the 15th day of the 1st month of the 5th year of Jingyuan (264). The next day he summoned all the Protectors of the Army, Administrators, Gate Commanders and Cavalry Commanders and above, and the former officials of Shu, held mourning for the Empress Dowager in the court hall of Shu, and forged a testamentary edict of the Empress Dowager ordering him to raise troops and depose Wenwang. He confined all the officials he had summoned in the office buildings of Yi Province, shut the city gates and palace gates, and had them surrounded and closely guarded by troops. Records, Wei 28 §124–125
Qiu Jian, Zhong Hui's Commander of the Headquarters Guard, had originally belonged to Hu Lie; Hu Lie had recommended him to Wenwang, and Zhong Hui had asked to have him in his own following and trusted and favored him. Qiu Jian, pitying Hu Lie for being confined alone, asked Zhong Hui to let one of Hu Lie's personal guards in to go out and fetch food and drink, and the various Gate Commanders likewise each had one man let in. Records, Wei 28 §125
Hu Lie told his personal guard a lie and also wrote a letter to his son: 'Qiu Jian has secretly told me that Zhong Hui has already dug a great pit and prepared several thousand white cudgels. He means to call in all the troops outside, give each man a white cap, make them supernumerary generals, and then beat them to death one after another with the cudgels and bury them in the pit.' The personal guards of the various Gate Commanders all passed on this story too, and in a single night it spread to everyone. Someone told Zhong Hui to kill all the Gate Commanders and Cavalry Commanders and above, but Zhong Hui hesitated and could not decide. Records, Wei 28 §125–126
At noon on the 18th day, when Hu Lie's troops marched out of the gate beating drums together with Hu Lie's son, the soldiers of the various armies all came out drumming and shouting without any prior agreement, and with no one urging them on they rushed to the city, each trying to be first. Zhong Hui sent troops to kill all the confined Gate Commanders and Administrators, but those inside lifted tables to brace the doors and kept them shut. The Gate Commanders and Administrators escaped over the roofs and joined their own soldiers, and the crowd cut down Jiang Wei and rushed forward to kill Zhong Hui. Records, Wei 28 §127–128
In the 2nd month of the 7th year of Yong'an of Wu (264), when Lu Kang of Wu and others besieged Luo Xian, who was guarding Badong for Shu, Wei gave the general Hu Lie 20,000 infantry and cavalry to invade Xiling and relieve Luo Xian, and Lu Kang and the others withdrew their troops. Chen Shou's main text does not record where Hu Lie came from, or when or how he died. Records, Wu 3 §45–46
Chapter 116 of the Romance records that when Zhong Hui set out for Hanzhong, pitched camp and assembled his generals, there were more than eighty of them, including the Army Supervisor Wei Guan, the Protector of the Army Hu Lie, and the senior generals Tian Xu, Pang Hui, Tian Zhang, Qiu Jian and Xiahou Xian. The one who steps forward as vanguard on this occasion is Xu Chu's son Xu Yi. Romance, Ch. 116 §3–4
In Chapter 119, Zhong Hui, using Empress Dowager Guo's testamentary edict as a pretext, has the generals sign their names and then confines them in the palace, and he tells Jiang Wei, who proposes burying those who will not comply in a pit, that he has already prepared a pit and several thousand large cudgels. Qiu Jian, a trusted general who is at his side and was originally a subordinate of the Protector of the Army Hu Lie, secretly tells this to Hu Lie, who is confined there as well. Hu Lie, greatly alarmed, weeps and says that his son Hu Yuan is outside in command of troops, and that if only one message could be passed to him, he would die without regret. Romance, Ch. 119 §10–12
Qiu Jian asks Zhong Hui to put him in charge of bringing water and food to the confined generals, and secretly sends in a trusted man of Hu Lie's to take a secret letter. Hu Yuan, receiving the letter, informs all the camps and proposes a plan to storm in suddenly at noon on the 18th day of the 1st month. The Army Supervisor Wei Guan, delighted by this, has Qiu Jian pass it on to Hu Lie, and Hu Lie informs the generals. That day the troops outside break through the hall doors and burst in; Zhong Hui is struck down by arrows, and Jiang Wei cuts his own throat and dies. Romance, Ch. 119 §13–14 · 16–17
The story of the pit: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Zhong Hui tells Jiang Wei that he has actually prepared a pit and several thousand large cudgels, and Qiu Jian passes these words on to Hu Lie. In the Biography of Zhong Hui in the Records, Hu Lie, claiming to have heard it from Qiu Jian, falsely told this story to his personal guard and his son. Romance, Ch. 119 §11–12Records, Wei 28 §125
Who led the rising: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, his son Hu Yuan proposes the plan to storm in at noon on the 18th day of the 1st month, and the Army Supervisor Wei Guan, delighted, has it passed on to Hu Lie. The Biography of Zhong Hui in the Records says only that at noon on the 18th day, when Hu Lie's troops marched out beating drums together with Hu Lie's son, the soldiers of the various armies followed without prior agreement; it says nothing of Wei Guan taking part, and does not give the son's name. Romance, Ch. 119 §14Records, Wei 28 §127
Jiang Wei's death: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Jiang Wei, suffering from pains in his chest, cuts his own throat and dies. In the Biography of Zhong Hui in the Records, Jiang Wei led Zhong Hui's attendants in the fighting and killed five or six men with his own hands, but the crowd struck him down and cut off his head. Romance, Ch. 119 §17Records, Wei 28 §128
His deeds during the conquest of Shu: Chapter 116 of the Romance only lists Hu Lie's name among the generals under Zhong Hui. In the Biography of Zhong Hui in the Records, Hu Lie went ahead and broke through the pass fortress, pursued Jiang Wei, and received the tally and passes Jiang Wei sent. Romance, Ch. 116 §3Records, Wei 28 §105 · 114–115
Accusing Deng Ai: In the Biography of Deng Ai in the Records, Hu Lie, together with Zhong Hui, Shi Zuan and others, reported that Deng Ai's conduct was rebellious. This is not in Chapters 116 and 119 of the Romance, where Hu Lie appears. Records, Wei 28 §80Romance, Ch. 116 §3Romance, Ch. 119 §12
Battles before and after: In the Romance, Hu Lie first appears in Chapter 116 and does not appear after Chapter 119. In the Records, before that, as Administrator of Taishan, he burned the supplies and provisions stockpiled by Zhu Yi of Wu, and after Zhong Hui's death he attacked Xiling and relieved Luo Xian. Romance, Ch. 116 §3Romance, Ch. 119 §14Records, Wu 19 §86Records, Wu 3 §46
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RBroke through the pass fortress and seized its grain, and burned Zhu Yi's provisions with a surprise force of 5,000Wei 28 §105Wu 19 §86Wu 3 §46
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Protector of the Army under Zhong HuiCh. 116 §3
RRaided Tulu by a byway; while confined, spread the false word that Zhong Hui meant to kill them all, stirring the troops to actWu 19 §86Wei 28 §125
NNo direct record — estimated from the record of his informing his son by secret letterCh. 119 §12
RRecommended Qiu Jian to WenwangWei 28 §125
NNo direct record — estimated from the record that Qiu Jian was his former subordinateCh. 119 §12
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a Protector of the ArmyWei 28 §105
NNo direct record — no record of martial prowessCh. 116 §3
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as Administrator of TaishanWu 19 §86
NNo direct record — no record of governingCh. 116 §3
RWhen Hu Lie's troops marched out, the various armies rose and followed without prior agreementWei 28 §127
NHis former subordinate Qiu Jian called him his benefactor and passed on word to himCh. 119 §12
RReported Deng Ai as rebellious together with Zhong Hui and others, bringing the rift to a headWei 28 §80
NNo direct record — estimated from the record of his weeping in alarm at Zhong Hui's treacheryCh. 119 §12
RIn the crisis of confinement, sent a letter to his son and brought about Zhong Hui's removalWei 28 §125Wei 28 §127
NIn the crisis of confinement, sent a secret letter to his son through Qiu JianCh. 119 §12Ch. 119 §13
RNo direct record — no record of learningWei 28 §105
NNo direct record — no record of learningCh. 116 §3
RNo direct record — estimated from the record of his receiving Jiang Wei's tallyWei 28 §115
NNo direct record — no record of eloquenceCh. 116 §3
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
| Parents | Hu Zun Records |
|---|---|
| Siblings | Hu Fen Records |
| Children | Hu Yuan Novel & History |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).