Wei Guan 衛瓘

RecordsRomance Wei Courtesy name 伯玉 Boyu위관백옥衞瓘卫瓘

Profile
OccupationRGeneral · General Who Guards the West NGeneral · Army SupervisorFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography in
BornNative placeHedong Commandery Anyi County Unverified
Cause of deathRKilled Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR11

Profile

Wei Guan was the son of Wei Ji; he succeeded his father when his father died, and in the Xianxi era he became General Who Guards the West. He has no biography of his own in the Records and appears at the end of his father Wei Ji's biography, in the biographies of Deng Ai and Zhong Hui, and in the Annals of the Three Young Emperors. Records, Wei 21 §48Records, Wei 28 §79 · 121Records, Wei 4 §129

After Shu was pacified, as Army Supervisor he conveyed Wenwang's wishes to Deng Ai and admonished him not to act on his own authority. When Deng Ai was summoned in a cage cart, Wei Guan went ahead of Zhong Hui and admonished Deng Ai's army with Wenwang's order in his own hand, making them lay down their weapons. After Zhong Hui died, when the officers and soldiers of Deng Ai's own camp tried to free Deng Ai and bring him back, Wei Guan sent Tian Xu and others to attack, and they beheaded Deng Ai west of Mianzhu. Records, Wei 28 §79 · 121 · 81

In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 116 as the Army Supervisor gathered in Zhong Hui's camp and appears in 4 of its 120 chapters; there is no chapter with his name in its title. In Chapter 119, after sending out proclamations and winning over Deng Ai's subordinate generals, he bursts into the headquarters at dawn and seizes Deng Ai and his son. Romance, Ch. 116 §3Romance, Ch. 119 §2–3

In the Records

Wei Guan was the son of Wei Ji. Wei Ji was a man of Anyi County in Hedong Commandery who, serving through the Han and the Wei, from time to time offered loyal counsel, and when he died he was given the posthumous title Marquis Jing. Wei Guan succeeded him, and in the Xianxi era he became General Who Guards the West. Records, Wei 21 §35 · 47–48

When Deng Ai, after pacifying Shu, conferred offices in the name of acting on the emperor's authority, Wenwang (Sima Zhao) had the Army Supervisor Wei Guan admonish Deng Ai: 'Matters ought to wait for a reply; you should not act on your own.' Deng Ai spoke out again, saying that by the principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals a grandee who goes beyond the borders may decide matters on his own if they can bring security to the altars of state and benefit the nation, and he did not comply. When Zhong Hui, Hu Lie, Shi Zuan and others all reported that Deng Ai's conduct was perverse and rebellious, an edict was issued to summon Deng Ai in a cage cart. Records, Wei 28 §79–80

Zhong Hui secretly harboured other intentions and privately reported that Deng Ai showed signs of rebellion. Fearing that Deng Ai might not obey the order, Wenwang had Zhong Hui advance on Chengdu as well. The Army Supervisor Wei Guan went ahead of Zhong Hui and admonished Deng Ai's army by proclaiming Wenwang's order in his own hand, and Deng Ai's army all laid down their weapons. In the end Deng Ai was seized and put in a cage cart. The Annals of the Three Young Emperors record the summoning of Deng Ai in a cage cart on the day renxu of the 1st month of the 1st year of Xianxi (264). Records, Wei 28 §121Records, Wei 4 §128

After Deng Ai and his son were imprisoned, Zhong Hui arrived at Chengdu, first sent Deng Ai off under escort, and then rose in revolt. After Zhong Hui died, the officers and soldiers of Deng Ai's own camp went out after him, freed Deng Ai from the cage cart and tried to bring him back. Wei Guan sent Tian Xu and others to attack Deng Ai, and they met him west of Mianzhu and beheaded him. His son Deng Zhong died together with Deng Ai. Records, Wei 28 §81

In the 6th month of the 1st year of Xianxi (264), Wei Guan, General Who Guards the West, presented a jade bi disc and a jade seal, one of each, that soldiers of Yong Province had found in Chengdu County. The characters on the seal resembled 'Chengxin', and following the meaning of the precedent of King Cheng of Zhou returning the grain, they were displayed to all the officials and stored in the office of the Chancellor of State. Chen Shou's main text does not record what happened to him afterwards or his death. Records, Wei 4 §129Records, Wei 21 §48

In the Romance

In Chapter 116 of the Romance, when Zhong Hui has finished setting up his camp and gathers his generals to receive orders, the Army Supervisor Wei Guan is present along with the Protector of the Army Hu Lie, the senior generals Tian Xu and Pang Hui, and others, more than eighty in all. In Chapter 117, when Zhong Hui orders the beheading of Zhuge Xu, who has let Jiang Wei slip away and been defeated, Wei Guan restrains him, saying that although Zhuge Xu is guilty, he is a man under the command of General Deng Who Conquers the West, and he fears that killing him would harm the spirit of harmony. Zhong Hui says that he would behead even Deng Ai if Deng Ai were guilty, but when everyone urges him strongly to desist, he puts Zhuge Xu in a cage cart and sends him to Luoyang. Romance, Ch. 116 §3Romance, Ch. 117 §3–4

In Chapter 118, Sima Zhao reads Deng Ai's letter and deeply suspects him of wanting to act as he pleases, so he first sends a letter in his own hand to Wei Guan and then issues an edict making Deng Ai Grand Commandant. When Deng Ai has received the edict, Wei Guan takes out the letter and gives it to him; it says that the matters Deng Ai raised must be reported and await a reply, and must not be carried out rashly. Deng Ai writes back again, saying that when a general is in the field there are commands of the sovereign he does not accept. Following Jia Chong's advice, Sima Zhao appoints Zhong Hui Minister over the Masses, puts Wei Guan in charge of supervising the troops and horses of both routes, and gives him a letter in his own hand so that he and Zhong Hui will watch Deng Ai and guard against trouble. Romance, Ch. 118 §23–24 · 27

In Chapter 119, following Jiang Wei's plan that 'if Deng Ai kills Wei Guan, his intent to rebel will be certain', Zhong Hui has Wei Guan lead a few dozen men into Chengdu to arrest Deng Ai and his son. His followers try to stop him, but Wei Guan says he has a plan of his own and first sends out twenty or thirty proclamations saying, 'By imperial edict we arrest Deng Ai; no one else will be called to account.' Around cockcrow, Deng Ai's subordinate generals who have seen the proclamation all come and bow down before Wei Guan's horse, and Wei Guan bursts into the headquarters with a few dozen men, shouting, 'By imperial edict we arrest Deng Ai and his son!'; when Deng Ai, startled, tumbles off his bed, Wei Guan shouts at the soldiers to tie him onto a cart. His son Deng Zhong, who comes out to ask what is happening, is also seized and tied onto a cart. Romance, Ch. 119 §1–3

In the same chapter, when Zhong Hui, falsely invoking the testamentary edict of Empress Dowager Guo, shuts the generals up in the palace, the imprisoned Hu Lie, with Qiu Jian's help, has a trusted follower carry a secret letter to his son Hu Yuan. When Hu Yuan devises a plan to burst in at noon on the 18th day of the 1st month, the Army Supervisor Wei Guan is greatly pleased with it, puts his troops and horses in order, and has Qiu Jian pass word to Hu Lie. After Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei are dead, Wei Guan tells all the troops to return to their own camps and await the royal command. Romance, Ch. 119 §10 · 12–14 · 17–18

When he hears that Deng Ai's men have gone after Deng Ai to seize him back, Wei Guan says, 'It was I who arrested Deng Ai. If he is now allowed to live, there will be no ground left for me to be buried in.' He is delighted with the Protector of the Army Tian Xu, who says he will avenge the time Deng Ai nearly had him killed, and sends him with 500 soldiers after Deng Ai to Mianzhu, where Tian Xu cuts down Deng Ai, just released from the cage cart, with a single stroke. About ten days later Jia Chong arrives first and calms the people; Wei Guan is left to guard Chengdu, and the Later Sovereign is moved to Luoyang. Romance, Ch. 119 §18–19 · 22

Where the Romance differs

Zhuge Xu: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Wei Guan restrains Zhong Hui from beheading Zhuge Xu, and Zhong Hui sends Zhuge Xu to Luoyang in a cage cart. In the Biography of Zhong Hui in the Records, Zhong Hui, wishing to take sole control of the army, secretly reported that Zhuge Xu was timid and would not advance, and Zhuge Xu was summoned back in a cage cart. Wei Guan does not appear in this passage. Romance, Ch. 117 §4Records, Wei 28 §114

Wenwang's handwritten letter: In Chapter 118 of the Romance, Sima Zhao first sends a letter in his own hand to Wei Guan, and Wei Guan takes it out and gives it to Deng Ai after Deng Ai has received the edict. The Biography of Deng Ai in the Records says only that Wenwang had the Army Supervisor Wei Guan admonish Deng Ai, and Wenwang's handwritten order appears later, when Wei Guan admonishes Deng Ai's army and makes them lay down their weapons. Romance, Ch. 118 §23–24Records, Wei 28 §79 · 121

How Deng Ai was arrested: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Zhong Hui sends Wei Guan following Jiang Wei's plan that 'if Deng Ai kills Wei Guan, his rebellion will be certain', and Wei Guan sends out proclamations and then bursts into the headquarters at dawn and has Deng Ai and his son tied up. In the Records, Wenwang, fearing that Deng Ai might not obey the order, had Zhong Hui advance on Chengdu as well, and when Wei Guan, going ahead of Zhong Hui, admonished Deng Ai's army with Wenwang's order in his own hand, the army all laid down their weapons. There is no plan by Jiang Wei and no proclamation. Romance, Ch. 119 §1–3Records, Wei 28 §121

Zhong Hui's revolt: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Wei Guan is pleased with Hu Yuan's plan, puts his troops and horses in order, and has Qiu Jian pass word to Hu Lie. In the Biography of Zhong Hui in the Records, Hu Lie sends false news to his personal soldiers and his son, and the armies rise up, beginning when Hu Lie's soldiers and his son march out beating drums at noon on the 18th day. Wei Guan does not appear in this passage. Romance, Ch. 119 §14Records, Wei 28 §124–128

The killing of Deng Ai: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Wei Guan says that if Deng Ai is allowed to live there will be no ground left for him to be buried in, and he gives 500 soldiers to Tian Xu, who wants revenge, to pursue Deng Ai. The Biography of Deng Ai in the Records says only that Wei Guan sent Tian Xu and others to attack Deng Ai and that they beheaded him west of Mianzhu; it does not record Wei Guan's words, Tian Xu's grudge, or the number of soldiers. Romance, Ch. 119 §18–19Records, Wei 28 §81

Afterwards: The Romance does not depict Wei Guan again after he is left to guard Chengdu in Chapter 119. In the Records, in the 6th month of the 1st year of Xianxi (264) Wei Guan, General Who Guards the West, presented the jade bi disc and jade seal that soldiers of Yong Province had found in Chengdu County, and the biography of his father Wei Ji records that he became General Who Guards the West in the Xianxi era. Romance, Ch. 119 §22Records, Wei 4 §129Records, Wei 21 §48

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA5052+2
  • STR3538+3
  • INT6268+6
  • POL4540−5
  • CHA4545±0
  • VIR3030±0
  • ADP5862+4
  • SCH4035−5
  • DIP6050−10
  • DIS4040±0
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

DiplomacyR60N50 −10

RConveyed Wenwang's wishes to Deng Ai and brought his army to submission by admonishing itWei 28 §79Wei 28 §121

NRemonstrated with Zhong Hui that killing Zhuge Xu would harm harmonyCh. 117 §4Ch. 118 §24

9 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR50N52 +2

    RWent ahead as Army Supervisor to disarm Deng Ai's army, and later became General Who Guards the WestWei 28 §121Wei 4 §129

    NWon over Deng Ai's subordinate generals with proclamations, then sent the troops back to their campsCh. 119 §3Ch. 119 §18

  • StrengthR35UnverifiedN38Unverified +3

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 28 §121

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 119 §3

  • IntelligenceR62N68 +6

    RAdmonished Deng Ai's army with Wenwang's handwritten order and made them lay down their weaponsWei 28 §121

    NBrought the subordinate generals over first with a few dozen proclamations and then seized Deng AiCh. 119 §2Ch. 119 §3

  • PoliticsR45UnverifiedN40Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 4 §129

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 119 §18

  • CharismaR45UnverifiedN45Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 28 §121

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 119 §3

  • VirtueR30N30 ±0

    RSent Tian Xu to behead Deng Ai and his son after they were freed from the cage cartWei 28 §81

    NGladly sent Tian Xu, who bore a grudge, to attack Deng AiCh. 119 §19

  • AdaptabilityR58N62 +4

    RActed first against the move to recover Deng Ai after Zhong Hui's deathWei 28 §81

    NCarried out a potentially fatal arrest order with a plan of his ownCh. 119 §1Ch. 119 §2

  • ScholarshipR40UnverifiedN35Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 28 §79

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 116 §3

  • DiscernmentR40UnverifiedN40Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 28 §81

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 116 §3

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (4)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history Changed allegiance 1 times

  1. Jin (265~) 계승 · Records · Records vol. 21 「爲晉尚書令、司空、太保」
  2. Wei (~265) · Records · Records vol. 21 「弱冠爲尚書郎」

Family

ParentsWei Ji(衞覬) Records

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.

Related events (2)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).