Records of Shu 13: Biographies of Huang Quan, Li Hui, Lü Kai, Ma Zhong, Wang Ping and Zhang Ni

Records of Shu 13: Biographies of Huang Quan, Li Hui, Lü Kai, Ma Zhong, Wang Ping and Zhang Ni

Huang Quan

黃權

Huang Quan, courtesy name Gongheng, was a man of Langzhong in Baxi. In his youth he served as a commandery clerk, and the Imperial Protector Liu Zhang summoned him to be Registrar. At that time the Attendant Officer with Separate Carriage, Zhang Song, proposed that they should welcome the First Ruler and have him attack Zhang Lu. Huang Quan remonstrated, “The General of the Left has a reputation for valor. If you invite him here and then want to treat him as one of your subordinate officers, it will not satisfy his heart; if you want to treat him with the courtesy due a guest, one state cannot hold two lords. If the guest is as secure as Mount Tai, the host will be in danger like a stack of eggs.

黃權，字公衡，巴西閬中人也。少為郡吏，州牧劉璋召為主簿。時別駕張松建議，宜迎先主，使伐張魯。權諫曰：「左將軍有驍名，今請到，欲以部曲遇之，則不滿其心，欲以賓客禮待，則一國不容二君。若客有泰山之安，則主有累卵之危。

It would be best simply to close the borders and wait for the Yellow River to run clear.” Liu Zhang did not listen, and in the end he sent envoys to welcome the First Ruler, and sent Huang Quan out to be Chief of Guanghan. When the First Ruler seized Yi Province by surprise, his generals divided up to take the commanderies and counties. The commanderies and counties followed him like shadows at the first sign of his approach, but Huang Quan shut his city and held it firmly, waiting until Liu Zhang had bowed his head in submission before going to surrender to the First Ruler. The First Ruler made Huang Quan acting Lieutenant General. When Lord Cao defeated Zhang Lu and Zhang Lu fled into Bazhong, Huang Quan advised, “If we lose Hanzhong, the Three Ba will not flourish; this would be cutting off the thighs and arms of Shu.”

可但閉境，以待河清。」璋不聽，竟遣使迎先主，出權為廣漢長，及先主襲取益州，將帥分下郡縣。郡縣望風景附，權閉城堅守，須劉璋稽服，乃詣降先主。先主假權偏將軍。¹及曹公破張魯，魯走入巴中，權進曰：「若失漢中，則三巴不振，此為割蜀之股臂也。」

Thereupon the First Ruler made Huang Quan Protector of the Army and had him lead the generals to receive Zhang Lu, but Zhang Lu had already returned to Nanzheng and surrendered to Lord Cao in the north. Nevertheless, the eventual defeat of Du Hu and Pu Hu, the killing of Xiahou Yuan and the seizure of Hanzhong all came from Huang Quan’s original plan.

於是先主以權為護軍，率諸將迎魯，魯已還南鄭，北降曹公。然卒破杜濩、樸胡，殺夏侯淵，據漢中，皆權本謀也。

When the First Ruler became King of Hanzhong, he still held the post of Imperial Protector of Yi Province, and he made Huang Quan Headquarters Officer. When he assumed the imperial title and was about to attack Wu in the east, Huang Quan remonstrated, “The men of Wu are fierce fighters, and moreover our navy will be going downstream, so it will be easy to advance and hard to withdraw. I ask to go ahead as the vanguard to test the enemy; Your Majesty should hold the rear.” The First Ruler did not agree, and made Huang Quan General Who Guards the North, commanding the army north of the Yangtze to guard against the Wei forces. The First Ruler himself stayed south of the river.

先主為漢中王，猶領益州牧，以權為治中從事，及稱尊號，將東伐吳，權諫曰：「吳人悍戰，又水軍順流，進易退難，臣請為先驅以當寇，陛下宜為後鎮。」先主不從，以權為鎮北將軍，督江北軍以防魏師。先主自在江南。

When the Wu general Lu Yi rode the current downstream and broke through the camps, the southern army was routed and the First Ruler withdrew. The road was cut off and Huang Quan could not return, so he led the troops under his command and surrendered to Wei. The officials in charge, upholding the law, reported that Huang Quan’s wife and children should be arrested. The First Ruler said, “I failed Huang Quan; Huang Quan did not fail me.” He treated them as before. Emperor Wen of Wei said to Huang Quan, “In abandoning rebellion and turning to the rightful side, do you wish to follow in the footsteps of Chen Ping and Han Xin?” Huang Quan replied, “I received extraordinary favor beyond my deserts from Lord Liu. I could not surrender to Wu,

及吳將軍陸議乘流斷圍，南軍敗績，先主引退。而道隔絕，權不得還，故率將所領降於魏。有司執法，白收權妻子。先主曰：「孤負黃權，權不負孤也。」待之如初。¹魏文帝謂權曰：「君捨逆效順，欲追蹤陳、韓邪？」權對曰：「臣過受劉主殊遇，降吳不可。

and there was no road back to Shu, so I came to submit myself. Besides, a general of a defeated army is fortunate to escape death; how could I aspire to the men of old?” Emperor Wen approved of this and appointed him General Who Guards the South, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Yuyang, added the title Palace Attendant, and had him ride with him in his carriage. Some of those who surrendered from Shu said that Huang Quan’s wife and children had been executed, but Huang Quan knew it was a false report and did not immediately announce mourning. Later he received reliable news, and it was indeed as he had said. When word of the First Ruler’s death arrived, the Wei ministers all offered congratulations, but Huang Quan alone did not.

還蜀無路，是以歸命。且敗軍之將，免死為幸，何古人之可慕也！」文帝善之，拜為鎮南將軍，封育陽侯，加侍中，使之陪乘。蜀降人或云誅權妻子，權知其虛言，未便發喪，¹後得審問，果如所言。及先主薨問至，魏群臣咸賀而權獨否。

Emperor Wen, perceiving that Huang Quan had great composure, wanted to test him by alarming him. He sent attendants to summon Huang Quan, and before he had arrived, one messenger after another came to hurry him, mounted couriers galloping and crossing one another on the road. His subordinates and attendants were all terrified out of their wits, but Huang Quan’s bearing and expression remained perfectly calm.

文帝察權有局量，欲試驚之，遣左右詔權，未至之間，累催相屬，馬使奔馳，交錯於道，官屬侍從莫不碎魄，而權舉止顏色自若。

Later he held the post of Inspector of Yi Province and moved to settle in Henan. The Grand General Sima Yi (King Xuan) held him in deep esteem and asked him, “How many men of your caliber are there in Shu?” Huang Quan laughed and replied, “I never imagined that Your Excellency thought so highly of me!” Sima Yi wrote to Zhuge Liang, “Huang Gongheng is a splendid man. Whether sitting or rising, he always praises you; your name never leaves his lips.” In the third year of Jingchu, which was the second year of Yanxi in Shu, Huang Quan was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry, with ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.

後領益州刺史，徙占河南。大將軍司馬宣王深器之，問權曰：「蜀中有卿輩幾人？」權笑而答曰：「不圖明公見顧之重也！」宣王與諸葛亮書曰：「黃公衡，快士也，每坐起歎述足下，不去口實。」景初三年，蜀延熙二年，權遷車騎將軍、儀同三司。¹

He died the following year and was given the posthumous title Marquis Jing. His son Huang Yong succeeded him, but Huang Yong had no son, and the line ended. Huang Chong, the son Huang Quan had left behind in Shu, became a Gentleman of the Masters of Writing and followed the General of the Guards Zhuge Zhan to resist Deng Ai. When they reached Fu County, Zhuge Zhan hesitated and did not advance. Huang Chong repeatedly urged Zhuge Zhan to move quickly and occupy the strong points so that the enemy could not reach the plains. Zhuge Zhan wavered and did not accept this, and Huang Chong was even moved to tears. Then Deng Ai drove forward, and Zhuge Zhan fell back to fight at Mianzhu. Huang Chong led and exhorted the soldiers, resolved to die, and was killed on the battlefield.

明年卒，謚曰景侯。子邕嗣、邕無子，絕。權留蜀子崇，為尚書郎，隨衛將軍諸葛瞻拒鄧艾。到涪縣，瞻盤桓未進，崇屢勸瞻宜速行據險，無令敵得入平地。瞻猶與未納，崇至於流涕。會艾長驅而前，瞻卻戰綿竹，崇帥厲軍士，期於必死，臨陣見殺。

Li Hui

李恢

Li Hui, courtesy name Deang, was a man of Yuyuan in Jianning. He served in the commandery as Investigator. His aunt’s husband Cuan Xi, while Magistrate of Jianling, committed an offense, and Li Hui was to be dismissed from office through his connection with Cuan Xi. But the Prefect of the commandery, Dong He, because Cuan Xi belonged to a great clan of the region, shelved the matter and did not approve it. Later Li Hui was recommended to the province, and while he was on the road and had not yet arrived, he heard that the First Ruler had turned back from Jiameng to attack Liu Zhang. Li Hui knew that Liu Zhang would surely be defeated and that the First Ruler would surely succeed, so he used the pretext of being an envoy of the commandery, went north to the First Ruler, and met him at Mianzhu.

李恢字德昂，建寧俞元人也，仕郡督郵，姑夫爨習為建伶令，有違犯之事，恢坐習免官。太守董和以習方土大姓，寢而不許。¹後貢恢於州，涉道未至，聞先主自葭萌還攻劉璋。恢知璋之必敗，先主必成也，乃託名郡使，北詣先主，遇於綿竹。

The First Ruler praised him. Li Hui followed him to Luo City, and the First Ruler sent Li Hui to Hanzhong to establish friendly relations with Ma Chao, and Ma Chao then accepted his command. After Chengdu was secured, the First Ruler took the post of Imperial Protector of Yi Province and made Li Hui Assistant Clerk to the Officer of Merit and Registrar. Later a fugitive falsely accused him, implicating Li Hui in a plot to rebel, and the officials in charge arrested him and sent him up. The First Ruler made clear that this was not so, and instead promoted Li Hui to Attendant Officer with Separate Carriage. In the first year of Zhangwu, when Deng Fang, the Area Commander of Laixiang, died, the First Ruler asked Li Hui, “Who can replace him?”

先主嘉之，從至雒城，遣恢至漢中交好馬超，超遂從命。成都既定，先主領益州牧，以恢為功曹書佐、主簿。後為亡虜所誣，引恢謀反，有司執送。先主明其不然，更遷恢為別駕從事。章武元年，庲降都督鄧方卒，先主問恢：「誰可代者？」

Li Hui replied, “Every man’s talents have their strengths and weaknesses. That is why Confucius said, ‘In employing men, he uses them according to their capacity.’ Moreover, when an enlightened ruler is above, his subjects speak their minds fully. Thus in the campaign against the Xianlian, Zhao Chongguo said, ‘None is better than this old servant.’ I venture, without measuring my own worth, to put myself forward; may Your Majesty consider it.” The First Ruler laughed and said, “My own intention was already on you!” He then made Li Hui Area Commander of Laixiang, with the Tally of Authority and concurrently Inspector of Jiao Province, stationed at Pingyi County.

恢對曰：「人之才能，各有長短，故孔子曰『其使人也器之』。且夫明主在上，則臣下盡情，是以先零之役，趙充國曰『莫若老臣』。臣竊不自量，惟陛下察之。」先主笑曰：「孤之本意，亦已在卿矣！」遂以恢為庲降都督，使持節領交州刺史，住平夷縣。¹

When the First Ruler died, Gao Ding ran rampant in Yuexi, Yong Kai behaved with arrogant defiance in Jianning, and Zhu Bao rose in rebellion in Zangke. When Chancellor Zhuge Liang campaigned in the south, he first went by way of Yuexi, while Li Hui followed the road toward Jianning. The counties joined together in great numbers and surrounded Li Hui’s army at Kunming. At that time Li Hui’s troops were few and the enemy twice as many, and he had no news of Zhuge Liang, so he deceived the southerners, saying, “The government army has run out of food and plans to withdraw. I have long been kept away from my home country, and only now have I been able to return; I cannot go north again. I want to come back and make plans together with you, so I am telling you this in all sincerity.”

先主薨，高定恣睢於越巂，雍闓跋扈於建寧，朱褒反叛於牂牁。丞相亮南征，先由越嶲，而恢案道向建寧。諸縣大相糾合，圍恢軍於昆明。時恢眾少敵倍，又未得亮聲息，紿謂南人曰：「官軍糧盡，欲規退還，吾中間久斥鄉里，乃今得旋，不能復北，欲還與汝等同計謀，故以誠相告。」

The southerners believed him, and so their siege grew slack. Then Li Hui sallied out and routed them, pursuing the fleeing enemy south as far as the Pan River and east to Zangke, linking up his strength with that of Zhuge Liang.

南人信之，故圍守怠緩。於是恢出擊，大破之，追奔逐北，南至槃江，東接牂牁，與亮聲勢相連。

When the southern lands were pacified, Li Hui’s military merit was the greatest. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Hanxing Village and given the additional title General Who Pacifies Han. Later, after the army had returned, the southern tribes rebelled again and killed the officers left to guard them. Li Hui went in person to attack them, rooted out the wicked ones completely, and moved their chieftains to Chengdu. He levied plough oxen, war horses, gold, silver and rhinoceros hide from the Sou and Pu peoples to keep supplying the army, so that at that time there was no shortage of funds. In the seventh year of Jianxing, because Jiao Province had come under Wu, Li Hui was relieved of his post as Inspector.

南土平定，恢軍功居多。封漢興亭侯，加安漢將軍。後軍還，南夷復叛，殺害守將。恢身往撲討，鋤盡惡類，徙其豪帥於成都，賦出叟、濮耕牛戰馬金銀犀革，充繼軍資，於時費用不乏。建興七年，以交州屬吳，解恢刺史。

He was instead made Prefect of Jianning so that he could return to live in his home commandery. He later moved to live in Hanzhong and died in the ninth year. His son Li Yi succeeded him. Li Hui’s nephew Li Qiu, Right Section Commander of the Feathered Forest guards, followed Zhuge Zhan to resist Deng Ai, gave his life on the battlefield, and died at Mianzhu.

更領建寧太守，以還居本郡。徙居漢中，九年卒。子遺嗣，恢弟子球，羽林右部督，隨諸葛瞻拒鄧艾，臨陣授命，死於綿竹。

Lü Kai

呂凱

Lü Kai, courtesy name Jiping, was a man of Buwei in Yongchang. He served in the commandery as Officer of the Five Offices and as Officer of Merit. At that time Yong Kai and the others, hearing that the First Ruler had died at Yong’an, grew ever more arrogant and cunning. The Protector-General Li Yan wrote Yong Kai a letter of six sheets explaining where his interests lay, but Yong Kai replied with only a single sheet: “I have heard that there are not two suns in the sky nor two kings on earth. Now the realm stands like the three legs of a cauldron, and there are three calendars; so we people of distant parts are anxious and perplexed and do not know to whom we should give our allegiance.”

呂凱字季平，永昌不韋人也，¹仕郡五官掾、功曹。時雍闓等聞先主薨於永安，驕黠滋甚。都護李嚴與闓書六紙，解喻利害，闓但答一紙曰：「蓋聞天無二日，土無二王，今天下鼎立，正朔有三，是以遠人惶惑，不知所歸也。」

Such was his insolence. Yong Kai also surrendered to Wu, and Wu, from afar, appointed Yong Kai Prefect of Yongchang. Yongchang lay west of Yizhou Commandery; the roads were blocked and it was cut off from Shu, and moreover the commandery’s Prefect had been replaced. Lü Kai and the Commandery Assistant, Wang Kang of Shu Commandery, led and encouraged the officials and people to close the borders and resist Yong Kai. Yong Kai repeatedly sent proclamations to Yongchang, arguing this and that.

其桀慢如此。闓又降於吳，吳遙署闓為永昌太守。永昌既在益州郡之西，道路壅塞，與蜀隔絕，而郡太守改易。凱與府丞蜀郡王伉帥厲吏民，閉境拒闓。闓數移檄永昌，稱說云云。

Lü Kai answered the proclamation: “Heaven has sent down death and disorder, and villainous heroes have taken advantage of the rift. All under heaven gnash their teeth and the myriad states grieve; of all subjects, great and small, there is none who does not think to exhaust his strength and spill his liver and brains on the ground to rid the state of its troubles. I humbly considered that you, General, whose family for generations has received the favor of Han, would personally gather your followers and lead the way, repaying the state above and not failing your forebears below, so that your merit might be written on bamboo and silk and your name handed down for a thousand years. Who could have expected that you would become a vassal of Wu and Yue, turning your back on the root to follow the branches?

凱答檄曰：天降喪亂，奸雄乘釁，天下切齒，萬國悲悼，臣妾大小，莫不思竭筋力，肝腦塗地，以除國難。伏惟將軍世受漢恩，以為當躬聚黨眾，率先啟行，上以報國家，下不負先人，書功竹帛，遺名千載。何期臣僕吳越，背本就末乎？

Of old, Shun toiled at the affairs of the people and died at Cangwu; the books praise him, and his fame flows on without end. That our late Emperor died by the river’s edge, how is that cause for grief? King Wen and King Wu received the Mandate, and only under King Cheng was the realm pacified. When the late Emperor rose like a dragon, all within the seas looked up to his influence, and his chief minister is intelligent and wise, bringing down peace from Heaven. Yet you, General, do not see the laws of rise and decline or the signs of success and failure. You are like a wildfire on the plain, or like a man treading on river ice: when the fire dies out and the ice melts, what will you have to rely on?

昔舜勤民事，隕於蒼梧，書籍嘉之，流聲無窮。崩於江浦，何足可悲！文、武受命，成王乃平。先帝龍興，海內望風，宰臣聰睿，自天降康。而將軍不睹盛衰之紀，成敗之符。譬如野火在原，蹈履河冰，火滅冰泮，將何所依附？

In the past your ancestor, Marquis Yong (Yong Chi), was enfeoffed even though he had earned resentment, and Dou Rong recognized who would rise and gave his allegiance to Shizu; both left names that passed down to later ages, and generations have sung their praises. Now Chancellor Zhuge is a man of outstanding talent who sees deeply into what has not yet sprouted; he received the late Emperor’s charge to care for his orphaned heir and is aiding the revival of this latter age. He bears no grudge against anyone, records men’s merits and forgets their faults. General, if you can suddenly change your plans, alter your course and take a new path, it will not be hard to match the men of old; what would ruling our humble land amount to by comparison?

曩者將軍先君雍侯，造怨而封，竇融知興，歸志世祖，皆流名後葉，世歌其美。今諸葛丞相英才挺出，深睹未萌，受遺託孤，翊贊季興，與眾無忌，錄功忘瑕。將軍若能翻然改圖，易跡更步，古人不難追，鄙土何足宰哉！

I have heard that when Chu was disrespectful, Duke Huan of Qi called it to account, and when Fuchai usurped the royal title, the men of Jin did not accept him as leader. How much less will anyone give allegiance to one who serves as the vassal of an illegitimate ruler? I humbly reflect that by the principles of old, a subject has no dealings across the borders; that is why letters have come from you but none have gone back. Having received your notices again and again, I was so indignant that I forgot to eat, and so I have set out my thoughts in brief. May you, General, consider them.”

蓋聞楚國不恭，齊桓是責，夫差僭號，晉人不長。況臣於非主，誰肯歸之邪？竊惟古義，臣無越境之交，是以前後有來無往。重承告示，發憤忘食，故略陳所懷，惟將軍察焉。

Lü Kai’s authority and kindness were well known within the commandery, and he had the trust of its people, so he was able to keep his loyalty intact.

凱威恩內著，為郡中所信，故能全其節。

When Chancellor Zhuge Liang set out on his southern campaign against Yong Kai and was already on the road, Yong Kai had been killed by Gao Ding’s men. When Zhuge Liang reached the south, he submitted a memorial saying, “Lü Kai, an officer of Yongchang Commandery, the Commandery Assistant Wang Kang and others have held to their loyalty in a remote land for more than ten years. Though Yong Kai and Gao Ding pressed on them from the northeast, Lü Kai and the others kept to what was right and had no dealings with them. I never imagined that the customs of Yongchang were so honest and upright!” Lü Kai was made Prefect of Yunnan and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yangqian Village, but he happened to be killed by rebel tribesmen, and his son Lü Xiang succeeded him. Wang Kang was also enfeoffed as a village marquis and made Prefect of Yongchang.

及丞相亮南征討闓，既發在道，而闓已為高定部曲所殺。亮至南，上表曰：「永昌郡吏呂凱、府丞王伉等，執忠絕域，十有餘年，雍闓、高定逼其東北，而凱等守義不與交通。臣不意永昌風俗敦直乃爾！」以凱為雲南太守，封陽遷亭侯，會為叛夷所害，子祥嗣。而王伉亦封亭侯，為永昌太守。¹

Ma Zhong

馬忠

Ma Zhong, courtesy name Dexin, was a man of Langzhong in Baxi. As a child he was raised by his mother’s family, with the surname Hu and the personal name Du; later he resumed his own surname and changed his name to Zhong. He became a commandery clerk, and at the end of Jian’an he was nominated as Filial and Incorrupt and appointed Chief of Hanchang. When the First Ruler, campaigning in the east, was routed at Xiaoting, Yan Zhi, the Prefect of Baxi, raised five thousand troops from the counties to make up the losses and sent Ma Zhong to escort them. The First Ruler had already returned to Yong’an. He met Ma Zhong and talked with him, and said to the Prefect of the Masters of Writing Liu Ba, “Though I have lost Huang Quan, I have gained Hu Du in his place. This shows that the world does not lack worthy men.”

馬忠字德信，巴西閬中人也。少養外家，姓狐，名篤，後乃復姓，改名忠。為郡吏，建安末舉孝廉，除漢昌長。先主東征，敗績猇亭，巴西太守閻芝發諸縣兵五千人以補遺闕，遣忠送往。先主已還永安，見忠與語，謂尚書令劉巴曰：「雖亡黃權，復得狐篤，此為世不乏賢也。」

In the first year of Jianxing, when Chancellor Zhuge Liang opened his headquarters, he made Ma Zhong Commander of the Gate Guard. In the third year, when Zhuge Liang went into the south, he appointed Ma Zhong Prefect of Zangke. The Commandery Assistant Zhu Bao had rebelled; after the rebellion, Ma Zhong cared for and comforted the people and governed them with great authority and kindness. In the eighth year he was summoned to be Army Adviser to the Chancellor, assisting the Chief Clerk Jiang Wan in managing the affairs of the headquarters left behind. He also served concurrently as Headquarters Officer of the province. The following year, when Zhuge Liang marched out to Mount Qi, Ma Zhong went to where Zhuge Liang was and managed military affairs.

建興元年，丞相亮開府，以忠為門下督。三年，亮入南，拜忠牂牁太守。郡丞朱褒反。叛亂之後，忠撫育卹理，甚有威惠。八年，召為丞相參軍，副長史蔣琬署留府事。又領州治中從事。明年，亮出祁山，忠詣亮所，經營戎事。

When the army returned, he commanded General Zhang Ni and others in attacking the rebel Qiang of Wenshan Commandery. In the eleventh year, Liu Zhou, a chieftain of the southern tribes, rebelled and threw the commanderies into turmoil. Zhang Yi, the Area Commander of Laixiang, was recalled, and Ma Zhong replaced him. Ma Zhong then beheaded Liu Zhou and pacified the south. He was given the additional titles Army Supervisor and General Who Displays Might, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Boyang Village. Earlier, the people of Jianning Commandery had killed their Prefect Zheng Ang and had bound their next Prefect, Zhang Yi, and sent him to Wu, so the Area Commander had always been stationed at Pingyi County.

軍還，督將軍張嶷等討汶山郡叛羌。十一年，南夷豪帥劉胄反，擾亂諸郡。徵庲降都督張翼還，以忠代翼。忠遂斬胄，平南土。加忠監軍、奮威將軍，封博陽亭侯。初，建寧郡殺太守正昂，縛太守張裔於吳，故都督常駐平夷縣。

Only with Ma Zhong was the seat of government moved to Mei County, placing it between the Chinese and the tribes. Yuexi Commandery had also long been lost, and Ma Zhong led its Prefect Zhang Ni in reopening and restoring the old commandery. For this he was given, on the spot, the additional title General Who Pacifies the South and advanced in fief to Marquis of Pengxiang Village. In the fifth year of Yanxi he returned to court, and on the way he came to Hanzhong, where he met the Grand Marshal Jiang Wan and conveyed the imperial edict to him; he was additionally appointed Grand General Who Guards the South. In the spring of the seventh year, when the Grand General Fei Yi went north to resist the Wei enemy, Ma Zhong was left in Chengdu to take charge of the affairs of the Masters of Writing.

至忠，乃移治味縣，處民夷之間。又越嶲郡亦久失土地，忠率將太守張嶷開復舊郡，由此就加安南將軍，進封彭鄉亭侯。延熙五年還朝，因至漢中，見大司馬蔣琬，宣傳詔旨，加拜鎮南大將軍。七年春，大將軍費禕北禦魏敵，留忠成都，平尚書事。

When Fei Yi returned, Ma Zhong went back to the south. He died in the twelfth year, and his son Ma Xiu succeeded him. Ma Zhong was generous and broad-minded, with great capacity; he would only joke and laugh heartily, and never let anger show on his face. Yet in handling affairs he was decisive, and he established both authority and kindness, so the southern tribes both feared and loved him. When he died, all of them came in person to his funeral hall, weeping and mourning to the full, and they built a temple and sacrificed to him; it still stands today. Zhang Biao was a famous gentleman of the time whose pure reputation surpassed Ma Zhong’s. Yan Yu had long had merit and ability and was meticulous and diligent in his work. They followed in Ma Zhong’s footsteps as his successors, but in awe-inspiring presence and achievements neither matched Ma Zhong.

禕還，忠乃歸南。十二年卒，子脩嗣。¹忠為人寬濟有度量，但詼啁大笑，忿怒不形於色。然處事能斷，威恩並立，是以蠻夷畏而愛之。及卒，莫不自致喪庭，流涕盡哀，為之立廟祀，迄今猶在。張表，時名士，清望逾忠。閻宇宿有功幹，於事精勤。繼踵在忠後，其威風稱績，皆不及忠。²

Wang Ping

王平

Wang Ping, courtesy name Zijun, was a man of Dangqu County in Baxi Commandery. He was originally raised by his mother’s family, the He, and later resumed the surname Wang. He followed Du Hu and Pu Hu to Luoyang and was made acting Colonel; he followed Lord Cao on the campaign against Hanzhong, and on that occasion surrendered to the First Ruler, who appointed him General of the Standard and Lieutenant General. In the sixth year of Jianxing he was attached to the vanguard of Army Adviser Ma Su. Ma Su abandoned the water and went up the mountain, and his measures were confused and disorderly. Wang Ping remonstrated with Ma Su again and again, but Ma Su could not take his advice and was heavily defeated at Jieting.

王平字子均，巴西宕渠人也。本養外家何氏。後復姓王。隨杜濩、樸胡詣洛陽，假校尉，從曹公征漢中，因降先主，拜牙門將、裨將軍。建興六年，屬參軍馬謖先鋒。謖捨水上山，舉措煩擾，平連規諫謖，謖不能用，大敗於街亭。

The troops all scattered like stars; only the thousand men under Wang Ping beat their drums and held their ranks, and the Wei general Zhang He, suspecting an ambush, did not press them. Wang Ping then slowly gathered the stragglers of the various camps and led the officers and men back. Chancellor Zhuge Liang executed Ma Su together with the generals Zhang Xiu and Li Sheng, and took away the troops of General Huang Xi and others. Wang Ping alone was singled out for honor: he was additionally appointed Army Adviser, commanded the Five Divisions while also taking charge of camp affairs, was promoted to General Who Suppresses Bandits, and was enfeoffed as a village marquis.

眾盡星散，惟平所領千人鳴鼓自持，魏將張郃疑其伏兵，不往逼也。於是平徐徐收合諸營遺迸，率將士而還。丞相亮既誅馬謖及將軍張休、李盛，奪將軍黃襲等兵。平特見崇顯，加拜參軍，統五部兼當營事，進位討寇將軍，封亭侯。

In the ninth year, when Zhuge Liang besieged Mount Qi, Wang Ping separately held the southern siege lines. The Wei General-in-Chief Sima Yi (King Xuan) attacked Zhuge Liang, and Zhang He attacked Wang Ping; Wang Ping held firm and did not move, and Zhang He could not overcome him.

九年，亮圍祁山，平別守南圍。魏大將軍司馬宣王攻亮，張郃攻平，平堅守不動，郃不能克。

In the twelfth year, Zhuge Liang died at Wugong and the army withdrew. Wei Yan rose in revolt but was defeated in a single battle, and this was Wang Ping’s achievement. He was transferred to Rear Director of the Army and General Who Pacifies Han, garrisoned Hanzhong as deputy to General of Chariots and Cavalry Wu Yi, and also served as Prefect of Hanzhong. In the fifteenth year he was advanced in fief to Marquis of Anhan and replaced Wu Yi as commander of Hanzhong. In the first year of Yanxi, when General-in-Chief Jiang Wan was stationed at Mianyang, Wang Ping became instead Front Protector of the Army and handled the affairs of Jiang Wan’s headquarters. In the sixth year, when Jiang Wan went back to be stationed at Fu, Wang Ping was appointed Front Army Supervisor and Grand General Who Guards the North, in command of Hanzhong.

十二年，亮卒於武功，軍退還，魏延作亂，一戰而敗，平之功也。遷後典軍、安漢將軍，副車騎將軍吳壹住漢中，又領漢中太守。十五年，進封安漢侯，代壹督漢中。延熙元年，大將軍蔣琬住沔陽，平更為前護軍，署琬府事。六年，琬還住涪，拜平前監軍、鎮北大將軍，統漢中。

In the spring of the seventh year, the Wei General-in-Chief Cao Shuang led more than a hundred thousand infantry and cavalry toward the Han River region, and his vanguard was already in the Luo Valley. At that time the troops defending Hanzhong numbered fewer than thirty thousand, and the generals were greatly alarmed. Someone said, “Our strength is not enough to resist the enemy now. We should simply hold fast to the two cities of Hancheng and Lecheng and let the invaders in when they come; by that time the army at Fu will be able to come and relieve the passes.” Wang Ping said, “Not so. Hanzhong is nearly a thousand li from Fu. If the invaders take the passes, it will be a disaster.

七年春，魏大將軍曹爽率步騎十餘萬向漢川，前鋒已在駱谷。時漢中守兵不滿三萬，諸將大驚。或曰：「今力不足以拒敵，聽當固守漢、樂二城，遇賊令入，比爾間，涪軍足得救關。」平曰：「不然。漢中去涪垂千里。賊若得關，便為禍也。

What we should do now is first send Protector of the Army Liu and Army Adviser Du to hold Xingshi, while I hold the rear. If the invaders split off toward Huangjin, I will lead a thousand men down to face them myself; by then the army from Fu will have arrived. This is the best plan.” Only Protector of the Army Liu Min agreed with Wang Ping, and the plan was put into effect at once. The armies from Fu and Fei Yi from Chengdu arrived one after another, and the Wei army withdrew, just as Wang Ping had originally planned. At this time Deng Zhi in the east, Ma Zhong in the south, and Wang Ping on the northern frontier all won renown for their deeds.

今宜先遣劉護軍、杜參軍據興勢，平為後拒。若賊分向黃金，平率千人下自臨之，比爾間，涪軍行至，此計之上也。」惟護軍劉敏與平意同，即便施行。涪諸軍及大將軍費禕自成都相繼而至，魏軍退還，如平本策。是時，鄧芝在東，馬忠在南，平在北境，咸著名跡。

Wang Ping was born and raised in the army and could not write with his own hand; he knew no more than ten characters. Yet when he dictated documents, they were all meaningful and well reasoned. He had people read aloud to him the annals and biographies of the Records of the Historian and the History of the Han, and on hearing them he fully understood their main ideas, and when he discussed them he often did not miss their point. He abided by rules and regulations, never jested in his speech, and sat upright from morning to evening all day long, with nothing of the manner of a soldier about him. But he was narrow-minded and suspicious by nature and held himself cheaply, and this was his failing. He died in the eleventh year, and his son Wang Xun succeeded him.

平生長戎旅，手不能書，其所識不過十字，而口授作書，皆有意理。使人讀《史》、《漢》諸紀傳，聽之，備知其大義，往往論說不失其指。遵履法度，言不戲謔，從朝至夕，端坐徹日，懷無武將之體。然性狹侵疑，為人自輕，以此為損焉。十一年卒，子訓嗣。

Ju Fu

句扶

Earlier, Ju Fu of Hanchang, from the same commandery as Wang Ping, was loyal, brave, tolerant and generous. He won merit in battle many times, and his fame and rank were second only to Wang Ping’s. He rose in office to General of the Left and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dangqu.

初，平同郡漢昌句扶¹忠勇寬厚，數有戰功，功名爵位亞平，官至左將軍，封宕渠侯。²

Zhang Ni

張嶷

Zhang Ni, courtesy name Boqi, was a man of Nanchongguo County in Ba Commandery. At the age of twenty he became Officer of Merit of his county. Around the time the First Ruler pacified Shu, mountain bandits attacked the county, and the county chief abandoned his household and fled. Zhang Ni braved the naked blades and carried the chief’s wife to safety on his back, and she escaped harm. Because of this he became well known, and the province summoned him to be an Assistant Officer. At that time Gong Lu and Yao Zhou, gentlemen of the commandery, held posts of two thousand shi and were renowned in their day, and both were on friendly terms with Zhang Ni. In the fifth year of Jianxing, when Chancellor Zhuge Liang went north and was stationed at Hanzhong, mountain bandits of Mianzhu in Guanghan, Zhang Mu and others, plundered army supplies and robbed officials and common people. Zhang Ni, as Commandant, led troops to suppress them.

張嶷字伯岐，巴郡南充國人也。¹弱冠為縣功曹。先主定蜀之際，山寇攻縣，縣長捐家逃亡，嶷冒白刃，攜負夫人，夫人得免。由是顯名，州召為從事。時郡內士人龔祿、姚伷位二千石，當世有聲名，皆與嶷友善。建興五年，丞相亮北住漢中，廣漢綿竹山賊張慕等鈔盜軍資，劫略吏民，嶷以都尉將兵討之。

Zhang Ni judged that if they scattered like birds, it would be hard to capture them in battle. So he pretended to make peace with them and set a date for a feast. When the drinking was at its height, Zhang Ni personally led his attendants and seized the moment to behead Zhang Mu and more than fifty others, and the ringleaders were wiped out entirely. He then hunted down the rest of their band, and within ten days the area was cleared and at peace. Later he fell gravely ill, and his family had always been poor. The Prefect of Guanghan, He Zhi of Shu Commandery, was known as open-minded and generous; Zhang Ni had never been close to him, but he had himself carried by carriage to He Zhi and entrusted his treatment to him.

嶷度其鳥散，難以戰禽。乃詐與和親，剋期置酒。酒酣，嶷身率左右，因斬慕等五十餘級，渠帥悉殄。尋其餘類，旬日清泰。後得疾病困篤，家素貧匱。廣漢太守蜀郡何祗，名為通厚，嶷宿與疏闊，乃自輿詣祗，託以治疾。

He Zhi spent his fortune on Zhang Ni’s treatment, and after several years he recovered. His devotion to good faith and righteousness was always of this kind. He was appointed General of the Standard and attached to Ma Zhong, and whenever they campaigned north against the rebel Qiang of Wenshan or south to pacify the Man and Yi of the four commanderies, he always won merit by his planning and his victories in battle.

祗傾財醫療，數年除愈。其黨道信義皆此類也。拜為牙門將，屬馬忠，北討汶山叛羌，南平四郡蠻夷，輒有籌畫戰克之功。¹

In the fourteenth year, Fu Jian, king of the Di of Wudu, asked to surrender, and General Zhang Wei was sent to receive him. When the appointed time passed and he had not arrived, General-in-Chief Jiang Wan was deeply worried. Zhang Ni assessed it and said, “Fu Jian’s request to submit was sincere; there will surely be no other trouble. I have long heard that Fu Jian’s younger brother is crafty, and barbarians cannot share in an achievement together; they are about to split apart, and that is the only reason for the delay.” A few days later news arrived: Fu Jian’s younger brother had indeed taken four hundred households over to Wei, and Fu Jian alone came to join them.

十四年，武都氐王苻健請降，遣將軍張尉往迎，過期不到，大將軍蔣琬深以為念。嶷平之曰：「苻健求附款至，必無他變。素聞健弟狡黠，又夷狄不能同功，將有乖離，是以稽留耳。」數日，問至，健弟果將四百戶就魏，獨健來從。

Earlier, after Chancellor Zhuge Liang had suppressed Gao Ding, the Sou Yi of Yuexi Commandery rebelled again and again and killed the Prefects Gong Lu and Jiao Huang. From then on no prefect dared go to the commandery; they stayed only at Anding County, more than eight hundred li from the commandery, so that the commandery existed in name alone. At the time there was discussion about restoring the old commandery, and Zhang Ni was appointed Prefect of Yuexi. Zhang Ni led his troops to the commandery and won the people over with kindness and goodwill, and the Man and Yi all submitted, many of them coming to surrender and give their allegiance.

初，越巂郡自丞相亮討高定之後，叟夷數反，殺太守龔祿、焦璜，是後太守不敢之郡，只住安定縣，去郡八百餘里，其郡徒有名而已。時論欲復舊郡，除嶷為越巂太守，嶷將所領往之郡，誘以恩信，蠻夷皆服，頗來降附。

The Zhuoma of the northern frontier were the fiercest and would not accept control, so Zhang Ni went to suppress them and captured their chief Wei Lang alive. He then released him with admonitions and had him call in and win over the rest of his people. He memorialized that Wei Lang be appointed Marquis of a Settlement, and the more than three thousand households of that tribe all settled on their land and rendered their dues. When the other tribes heard of this, many of them gradually submitted. For his merit Zhang Ni was granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes.

北徼捉馬最驍勁，不承節度，嶷乃往討，生縛其帥魏狼。又解縱告喻，使招懷餘類。表拜狼為邑侯，種落三千餘戶皆安土供職。諸種聞之，多漸降服。嶷以功賜爵關內侯。

Dong Feng, lord of the settlement of Suqi, and his younger brother Poqu, among others, had surrendered and then rebelled again. Zhang Ni executed Dong Feng. Dong Feng’s wife was the daughter of the king of the Maoniu, and Zhang Ni, as a matter of policy, pardoned her. Poqu fled into the western frontier. Poqu was tough, fierce, quick and savage, and deeply feared by the various tribes. He sent two of his intimates to pretend to surrender to Zhang Ni while in fact gathering intelligence. Zhang Ni saw through this, promised them rich rewards, and turned them into double agents, and the two finally conspired together and killed Poqu. Once Poqu was dead, the tribes were all at peace.

蘇祁邑君冬逢、逢弟魄渠等，已降復反。嶷誅逢。逢妻，旄牛王女，嶷以計原之。而渠逃入西徼。渠剛猛捷悍，為諸種深所畏憚，遣所親二人詐降嶷，實取消息。嶷覺之，許以重賞，使為反間，二人遂合謀殺渠。渠死，諸種皆安。

Further, Li Qiucheng, an elder chief of the Sidu, had once killed Gong Lu with his own hands; Zhang Ni offered a reward, captured him, listed his old crimes, and executed him. At first, since the commandery’s outer walls and buildings had collapsed, Zhang Ni built a small fortified camp instead. After three years in office he moved back to the old commandery seat and repaired its walls, and there was no man or woman among the Yi tribes who did not lend their strength.

又斯都耆帥李求承昔手殺龔祿，嶷求募捕得，數其宿惡而誅之。始嶷以郡郛宇頹壞，更築小塢。在官三年，徙還故郡，繕治城郭，夷種男女莫不致力。』

The three counties of Dingzuo, Taideng and Beishui lay more than three hundred li from the commandery. Since old times they had produced salt, iron and lacquer, but the frontier Yi had long held them for themselves. Zhang Ni led his troops to seize them and appointed officials over them. When Zhang Ni arrived at Dingzuo, Langcen, the chieftain of Dingzuo and maternal uncle of the king of Panmu, who was greatly trusted by the Man and Yi, was angry that Zhang Ni had encroached on them and would not come to present himself. Zhang Ni sent several dozen stalwart men to go straight to him and bring him in, had him flogged and killed, sent his body back to his tribe, and gave them generous rewards.

定莋、台登、卑水三縣去郡三百餘里，舊出鹽鐵及漆，而夷徼久自固食。嶷率所領奪取，署長吏焉。嶷之到定莋，定莋率豪狼岑，盤木王舅，甚為蠻夷所信任，忿嶷自侵，不自來詣。嶷使壯士數十直往收致，撻而殺之，持屍還種，厚加賞賜。

He explained to them the wickedness of Langcen and said, “Do not make any rash move. If you move, you will be wiped out!” The tribesmen all bound their own hands behind them and came to apologize for their offense. Zhang Ni slaughtered oxen and held a feast, reaffirming his kindness and good faith. So he obtained the salt and iron, and there were ample goods for every use.

喻以狼岑之惡，且曰：「無得妄動，動即殄矣！」種類咸面縛謝過。嶷殺牛饗宴，重申恩信。遂獲鹽鐵，器用周贍。

Among the Maoniu Yi on the borders of Hanjia Commandery, a people of more than four thousand households, their chieftain Langlu wanted to avenge Dong Feng, the husband of his paternal aunt. He sent his uncle Li to lead Dong Feng’s followers and survey the situation. Zhang Ni went ahead and sent his close attendants to bring oxen and wine as gifts to welcome him, and he also had Li’s elder sister, Dong Feng’s wife, go out to meet him and explain his intentions fully. Li accepted the gifts and also saw his sister; sister and brother were both delighted, and he brought all his followers to present themselves to Zhang Ni. Zhang Ni rewarded and entertained him generously and sent him back. From then on the Maoniu caused no more trouble.

漢嘉郡界旄牛夷種類四千餘戶，其率狼路，欲為姑婿冬逢報怨。遣叔父離將逢眾相度形勢。嶷逆遣親近齎牛酒勞賜，又令離姊逆逢妻宣暢意旨。離既受賜，並見其姊，姊弟歡悅，悉率所領將詣嶷，嶷厚加賞待，遣還。旄牛由是輒不為患。

The commandery had an old road that passed through the Maoniu country to Chengdu, both level and short. Since the Maoniu had cut the road more than a hundred years before, people had gone instead by way of Anshang, which was both dangerous and far. Zhang Ni sent his attendants with goods and money as gifts to Langlu, and again had Langlu’s aunt explain his intentions to him. Langlu then brought all his brothers, wife and children to present themselves to Zhang Ni. Zhang Ni swore a covenant with him and reopened the old road; a thousand li were brought to peace and order, and the old post stations were restored. He memorialized that Langlu be enfeoffed as King Pi of Maoniu, and sent an envoy to escort Langlu to court to present tribute.

郡有舊道，經旄牛中至成都，既平且近。自旄牛絕道，已百餘年，更由安上，既險且遠。嶷遣左右齎貨幣賜路，重令路姑喻意，路乃率兄弟妻子悉詣嶷，嶷與盟誓，開通舊道，千里肅清，復古亭驛。奏封路為旄牛㽛毗王，遣使將路朝貢。

The Latter Ruler then gave Zhang Ni the additional title of General Who Pacifies the Rong, and he governed the commandery as before. When Fei Yi first became General-in-Chief, Zhang Ni saw that he was indiscriminately generous by nature and trusted newcomers who had submitted far too much, so he wrote to warn him: “In the past, Cen Peng was leading an army and Lai Xi held the imperial credentials, yet both were killed by assassins. Now you, enlightened general, hold high rank and heavy power; you should take warning from those past events and be at least a little on your guard.” Later Fei Yi was indeed murdered by Guo Xiu, a man who had surrendered from Wei.

後主於是加嶷撫戎將軍，領郡如故。嶷初見費禕為大將軍，恣性泛愛，待信新附太過，嶷書戒之曰：「昔岑彭率師，來歙杖節，咸見害於刺客，今明將軍位尊權重，宜鑒前事，少以為警。」後禕果為魏降人郭脩所害。

Zhuge Ke, Grand Tutor of Wu, having just defeated a Wei army, raised a great force with the aim of attacking and seizing territory. The Palace Attendant Zhuge Zhan, son of Chancellor Zhuge Liang, was Zhuge Ke’s younger cousin. Zhang Ni wrote to him: “The ruler of the East has only just passed away, and the emperor is truly young and weak; how could the heavy trust the Grand Tutor has received be an easy thing? Even the Duke of Zhou, a kinsman with his talents, faced the upheaval of the rumors spread by Guan and Cai; and when Huo Guang took up his charge, there too was the treasonous plot of the King of Yan, the Princess of Gai and Shangguan Jie. Only by relying on the wisdom of King Cheng and Emperor Zhao did they escape those troubles.

吳太傅諸葛恪以初破魏軍，大興兵眾以圖攻取。侍中諸葛瞻，丞相亮之子，恪從弟也。嶷與書曰：東主初崩，帝實幼弱，太傅受寄託之重，亦何容易！親以周公之才，猶有管、蔡流言之變，霍光受任，亦有燕、蓋、上官逆亂之謀，賴成、昭之明，以免斯難耳。

I always used to hear that the ruler of the East never entrusted matters of life and death, reward and punishment, to his subordinates; yet now, with his life about to end, he suddenly summoned the Grand Tutor and entrusted him with what was to come after. This is truly cause for concern. Moreover, that the people of Wu and Chu are swift and rash has been recorded since ancient times, and I fear that for the Grand Tutor to leave the young sovereign and tread in the enemy’s court is neither a good plan nor a far-sighted strategy. Though it is said that the discipline of the house in the East is strict and that high and low live in harmony, is it not the concern of a wise man that there may be one failure in a hundred?

昔每聞東主殺生賞罰，不任下人，又今以垂沒之命，卒召太傅，屬以後事，誠實可慮。加吳、楚剽急，乃昔所記，而太傅離少主，履敵庭，恐非良計長算之術也。雖云東家綱紀肅然，上下輯睦，百有一失，非明者之慮邪？

If we take antiquity as our rule for today, then today is just like antiquity. If you, young master, do not offer loyal words to the Grand Tutor, who else will speak to him frankly? If he turns his army back, broadens agriculture, and strives to practice virtue and kindness, then within a few years East and West can rise together, and that will truly not be too late. I hope you will give this your deep consideration.”

取古則今，今則古也，自非郎君進忠言於太傅，誰復有盡言者也！旋軍廣農，務行德惠，數年之中，東西並舉，實為不晚，願深採察。

In the end Zhuge Ke and his whole clan were exterminated because of this. Zhang Ni’s insight was mostly of this kind.

恪竟以此夷族。嶷識見多如是類。

Zhang Ni was in the commandery for fifteen years, and the territory was peaceful and harmonious. He repeatedly asked to return, and at last he was summoned to Chengdu. The Yi people, loving and longing for him, clung to the hubs of his carriage and wept. When he passed through the settlement of Maoniu, the settlement lord came out to meet him carrying infants on his back and followed him as far as the border of Shu Commandery, and more than a hundred of their chiefs came along together with Zhang Ni to present tribute at court. When Zhang Ni arrived, he was appointed General Who Sweeps Away Bandits. He was ardent, brave and heroic, and the gentlemen all esteemed him highly. But he was unrestrained and lacking in decorum, and people criticized him for this. This was in the seventeenth year of Yanxi.

在郡十五年，邦域安穆。屢乞求還，乃徵詣成都。夷民戀慕，扶轂泣涕，過旄牛邑，邑君襁負來迎，及追尋至蜀郡界，其督相率隨嶷朝貢者百餘人。嶷至，拜蕩寇將軍，慷慨壯烈，士人咸多貴之。然放蕩少禮，人亦以此譏焉，¹是歲延熙十七年也。

Li Jian, Chief of Didao in Wei, secretly sent a letter asking to surrender, and General of the Guards Jiang Wei led Zhang Ni and others out to Longxi, relying on Li Jian’s supplies. When they reached Didao, Li Jian led all the officials and people of the city out to welcome the army. The army advanced and engaged the Wei general Xu Zhi, and Zhang Ni lost his life on the battlefield, but the enemies he killed and wounded were more than twice his own losses. After his death his eldest son Zhang Ying was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xixiang, and his second son Zhang Huxiong inherited his rank. When the people and the Yi of Yuexi in the southern lands heard of Zhang Ni’s death, there were none who did not grieve and weep. They built a shrine for Zhang Ni and made offerings to him in all four seasons and whenever there was flood or drought.

魏狄道長李簡密書請降，衛將軍姜維率嶷等因簡之資以出隴西。¹既到狄道，簡悉率城中吏民出迎軍。軍前與魏將徐質交鋒，嶷臨陣隕身，然其所殺傷亦過倍。既亡，封長子瑛西鄉侯，次子護雄襲爵。南土越巂民夷聞嶷死，無不悲泣，為嶷立廟，四時水旱輒祀之。²

Appraisal

評價

Appraisal: Huang Quan was broad-minded, refined and thoughtful; Li Hui was fair and clear-sighted, with purpose and achievement; Lü Kai held to his integrity without wavering; Ma Zhong was gentle yet capable of resolve; Wang Ping was loyal, brave, strict and orderly; Zhang Ni was clear and decisive in judgment. Each made his name and rose to distinction through his particular strengths, because each met with his time.

評曰：黃權弘雅思量，李恢公亮志業，呂凱守節不回，馬忠擾而能毅，¹王平忠勇而嚴整，張嶷識斷明果，咸以所長，顯名發跡，遇其時也。