Battle

Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong 孫策平江東之戰

About this event

Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong were a series of battles in which Sun Ce, who had become Colonel Who Breaks Assaults on Yuan Shu's memorial, crossed the Yangtze, drove out Liu Yao, and then absorbed Wu Commandery, Kuaiji and Danyang, and Lujiang and Yuzhang in turn, taking possession of Jiangdong. Sun Ce chased Liu Yao out of Qu'e, crossed the Zhe River, made the Administrator of Kuaiji, Wang Lang, submit and defeated Yan Baihu and others in Wu Commandery, and after Yuan Shu's death he attacked the Administrator of Lujiang, Liu Xun, and took Lujiang. When Sun Ce died in the 5th year of Jian'an (200), the places held by the Sun family were Kuaiji, Wu Commandery, Danyang, Yuzhang and Luling. Records, Wu 1 §29–31 · 34Records, Wu 2 §3–4

The Annals of Emperor Wu records under the 4th year of Chuping (193) that Sun Ce crossed the Yangtze on Yuan Shu's orders and within a few years at last came to hold Jiangdong. Chen Shou recorded these battles in the Biography of Sun Ce, Records of Wu 1, and distributed them among the biography of Taishi Ci in Records of Wu 4, the Biographies of the Imperial Clan in Records of Wu 6, the biography of Zhou Yu in Records of Wu 9, the biography of Lü Fan in Records of Wu 11, the biography of Wang Lang in Records of Wei 13, and others. The Romance depicts the main thread of Sun Ce crossing the Yangtze and pacifying Jiangnan in Chapter 15, and at the start of Chapter 29 records his surprise attack and seizure of Lujiang in the 4th year of Jian'an. Records, Wei 1 §27Records, Wu 1 §29–34Records, Wu 4 §29–30Records, Wu 6 §2–4Records, Wu 9 §3–6Records, Wu 11 §35Records, Wei 13 §45–46Romance, Ch. 15 §14–68Romance, Ch. 29 §1

Course of events in the Records

Sun Ce joined Yuan Shu in the 1st year of Xingping (194), and Yuan Shu returned Sun Jian's personal troops to Sun Ce. Yuan Shu said he would make Sun Ce Administrator of Jiujiang but appointed Chen Ji instead, and when he had Sun Ce attack the Administrator of Lujiang, Lu Kang, he promised him Lujiang, but after Lu Kang was defeated he again made his former subordinate Liu Xun administrator, so Sun Ce became all the more disappointed. Records, Wu 1 §25–27

At that time the Inspector of Yang Province, Liu Yao, made Qu'e his seat and drove out Wu Jing and Sun Ben, who had been appointed by Yuan Shu, so Sun Ce persuaded Yuan Shu and asked to help Wu Jing and the others pacify Jiangdong. Sun Ce set out with about a thousand soldiers, and by the time he reached Liyang his following had grown to five or six thousand; he crossed the river, fought battle after battle and defeated everyone in his path. When Liu Yao abandoned his army and fled in the Battle of Que, the administrators of the various commanderies also abandoned their cities and ran away. Records, Wu 1 §28–30

Yan Baihu and others, men of Wu County, had gathered in various places, each with a following of more than ten thousand. Wu Jing and the others proposed attacking Yan Baihu first, but Sun Ce said that Yan Baihu and the others were merely a band of robbers with no great ambition and would be captured, crossed the Zhe River, took Kuaiji, massacred Dongye, and then defeated Yan Baihu and the others. The Administrator of Kuaiji, Wang Lang, was told by his Officer of Merit, Yu Fan, to avoid Sun Ce, but he fought him, saying that as an official of Han he ought to defend his city; he was defeated and crossed the sea to Dongye, and when Sun Ce pursued him again and heavily defeated him, he went over to Sun Ce. The Biographies of the Imperial Clan records that when Wang Lang blocked Sun Ce at Guling, Sun Ce, following Sun Jing's plan, split off his army along the Zhadu road to attack the camp at Gaoqian by night, and that he beheaded Zhou Xin and the others whom Wang Lang sent out and pacified Kuaiji. Records, Wu 1 §30–31Records, Wei 13 §45–46Records, Wu 6 §2–4

Zhu Zhi, advancing from Qiantang toward Wu Commandery, heavily defeated the Administrator of Wu Commandery, Xu Gong, who blocked him at Youquan, entered the commandery and took charge of the administrator's affairs, and Xu Gong went to seek refuge with Yan Baihu. When Chen Yu of Xiapi, who styled himself Administrator of Wu Commandery at Haixi, colluded with Yan Baihu, Sun Ce attacked Yan Baihu in person and sent Lü Fan and others to attack Chen Yu. In Danyang, Sun Ce was heavily surrounded while attacking Zu Lang, but Cheng Pu and a single horseman shielded him and he escaped; Taishi Ci, who had set up a garrison headquarters at Jing County, was also attacked by Sun Ce in person and captured. Lü Fan attacked Zu Lang at Lingyang and Taishi Ci at Yongli and pacified seven counties. Records, Wu 11 §4 · 35Records, Wu 10 §4Records, Wu 4 §29

Sun Ce replaced all the senior officials, took the post of Administrator of Kuaiji himself, made Wu Jing Administrator of Danyang and Sun Ben Administrator of Yuzhang, split off Luling Commandery from Yuzhang with Sun Fu as its administrator, and made Zhu Zhi Administrator of Wu Commandery. Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Qin Song, Chen Duan and others became his chief advisers. When Yuan Shu usurped the imperial title, Sun Ce reproached him by letter and broke off relations, and Cao Cao memorialized to make Sun Ce General Who Attacks Rebels and enfeoff him as Marquis of Wu. Records, Wu 1 §31–33

After Yuan Shu's death, his Chief Clerk Yang Hong, his commander-in-chief Zhang Xun and others were on their way with his followers to join Sun Ce when they were all captured by the Administrator of Lujiang, Liu Xun; Sun Ce then feigned friendship with Liu Xun, urged him to attack the clan militias of Shangliao in Yuzhang, and once Liu Xun had left, made a surprise attack on Lujiang and took it. Zhou Yu defeated Liu Xun near Xunyang, attacked Jiangxia, and on his return pacified Yuzhang and Luling, and the Administrator of Yuzhang, Hua Xin, knowing that Sun Ce was skilled in warfare, welcomed him wearing a plain headcloth. The biography of Sun Ce records that because Yuan Shao was then at the height of his power and Sun Ce had absorbed Jiangdong, Cao Cao could not exert his strength as he wished and sought to placate him through marriage ties. Records, Wu 1 §34–35Records, Wu 9 §6Records, Wei 13 §30–31

In the 5th year of Jian'an (200), Sun Ce planned to make a surprise attack on Xu while Cao Cao was facing Yuan Shao at Guandu, but before he set out he was wounded by retainers of the former Administrator of Wu Commandery, Xu Gong. Sun Ce asked Zhang Zhao and the others to assist his younger brother well, had Sun Quan wear his seal and ribbon, and told him that in raising the hosts of Jiangdong to contend with the realm Sun Quan was not his equal, but in employing the worthy and appointing the able to hold Jiangdong he was not Sun Quan's equal; that night he died at the age of twenty-six. The Biography of the Lord of Wu records that at this time the Sun family held only Kuaiji, Wu Commandery, Danyang, Yuzhang and Luling, and that even there the remote and rugged areas had not yet all submitted. Records, Wu 1 §36–38Records, Wu 2 §3–4

Chen Shou assessed Sun Ce as outstanding in heroic spirit and foremost in the world in valor and keenness, but said he lost his life through rashness and impetuosity, and that the division and holding of Jiangdong had its foundation laid by Sun Ce. Records, Wu 1 §41

In the Romance

In Chapter 15 of the Romance, Sun Ce, who has been relying on Yuan Shu, borrows troops by pledging the Imperial Seal as security, crosses the Yangtze, and gains Zhou Yu, Zhang Zhao and Zhang Hong. He defeats Zhang Ying at Niuzhu and Liu Yao at Shenting Ridge and fights Taishi Ci, and at Niuzhu he kills Fan Neng with a single shout and comes to be called the Little Conqueror. After Liu Yao flees to Yuzhang, Sun Ce captures and takes in Taishi Ci at Jing County, and by forbidding plunder he comes to be called Sun Lang by the people of Jiangdong. Romance, Ch. 15 §13–19 · 22–48

Sun Ce then attacks Wu Commandery to the south and drives out Yan Baihu, who has styled himself Virtuous King of Eastern Wu, and defeats Wang Lang, the Administrator of Kuaiji who helped Yan Baihu, with Sun Jing's Zhadu stratagem. When Dong Xi presents Yan Baihu's head, Sun Ce entrusts Kuaiji to Sun Jing and Wu Commandery to Zhu Zhi. When Sun Quan, guarding Xuancheng, is attacked by mountain bandits, Zhou Tai saves him while taking twelve spear wounds, and Hua Tuo, recommended by Yu Fan, heals Zhou Tai. Sun Ce sweeps away the mountain bandits and pacifies Jiangnan, sends a memorial to the court and cultivates ties with Cao Cao, and asks Yuan Shu to return the Imperial Seal. Romance, Ch. 15 §49–68

At the start of Chapter 29, the Romance records that Sun Ce, having mastered Jiangdong, made a surprise attack and seized Lujiang in the 4th year of Jian'an and routed Liu Xun, and that when he had Yu Fan deliver a proclamation, the Administrator of Yuzhang, Hua Xin, surrendered. Romance, Ch. 29 §1

Where the Romance differs

How the troops were obtained: In Chapter 15 of the Romance, Sun Ce pledges the Imperial Seal as security and borrows 3,000 troops and 500 horses from Yuan Shu. In the biography of Sun Ce in the Records, Sun Ce asked to help Wu Jing and the others pacify Jiangdong and set out with about a thousand soldiers and a few dozen horsemen. Romance, Ch. 15 §13–15Records, Wu 1 §29

The order of Yan Baihu and Kuaiji: In Chapter 15 of the Romance, Sun Ce first attacks Yan Baihu in Wu Commandery and then defeats Wang Lang, who helped Yan Baihu after he fled to Kuaiji. In the biography of Sun Ce in the Records, Sun Ce rejected the proposal of Wu Jing and the others to attack Yan Baihu first, crossed the Zhe River, took Kuaiji, and then defeated Yan Baihu and the others. Romance, Ch. 15 §49–58Records, Wu 1 §30–31

Zhou Tai and Sun Quan: In Chapter 15 of the Romance, Zhou Tai takes twelve spear wounds saving Sun Quan, who has been attacked by mountain bandits at Xuancheng, and is treated by Hua Tuo. The biography of Zhou Tai in the Records records that when Sun Ce was attacking the mountain bandits of six counties, Sun Quan, staying at Xuancheng, was attacked by mountain bandits, and that Zhou Tai threw himself forward to protect Sun Quan, received twelve wounds and came to only after a long while; it does not mention treatment by Hua Tuo. Romance, Ch. 15 §65–68Records, Wu 10 §27–28

Hua Xin's surrender: In Chapter 29 of the Romance, the Administrator of Yuzhang, Hua Xin, surrenders when Sun Ce has Yu Fan deliver a proclamation. In the biography of Hua Xin in the Records, Hua Xin, knowing that Sun Ce was skilled in warfare, welcomed him wearing a plain headcloth, and Sun Ce treated him with the courtesy due an honored guest. Romance, Ch. 29 §1Records, Wei 13 §30–31

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Belligerents

ItemAB
FactionsSun Ce factionLiu Yao faction, Wang Lang faction, Yan Baihu faction
CommandersSun Ce, Zhou Yu, Sun Jing, Zhu Zhi, Cheng Pu, Lü FanWang Lang, Yan Baihu
Strength兵財千餘,騎數十匹…比至歷陽,衆五六千…策之眾已數萬矣

Factions, commanders, strength and casualties are checked against the source texts (3KDEX). Strength and casualties show only figures stated in the sources. Source: Wu 1 §35

Sub-events and Romance scenes (3)

Romance chapters (2)

Records volumes (9)