Records of Wu 6: Biographies of the Imperial Clan

Records of Wu 6: Biographies of the Imperial Clan

Sun Jing

孫靜

Sun Jing, courtesy name Youtai, was the youngest brother of Sun Jian. When Sun Jian first raised his standard, Sun Jing gathered five or six hundred men of his home district and of the clan to serve as a defensive force, and people all flocked to him. Sun Ce defeated Liu Yao and brought the counties under control. When he advanced to attack Kuaiji, he sent someone to invite Sun Jing, and Sun Jing brought his household to join Sun Ce at Qiantang. At that time the Prefect Wang Lang was resisting Sun Ce at Guling; Sun Ce crossed the water to fight him several times but could not prevail. Sun Jing advised Sun Ce, “Wang Lang is relying on strong terrain to hold his city; it will be hard to take it quickly.

孫靜字幼臺，堅季弟也。堅始舉事，靜糾合鄉曲及宗室五六百人以為保障，眾咸附焉。策破劉繇，定諸縣。進攻會稽，遣人請靜，靜將家屬與策會於錢唐。是時太守王朗拒策於固陵，策數渡水戰，不能克。靜說策曰：「朗負阻城守，難可卒拔。

Zhadu lies some tens of li south of here and is the key point on the road. We should go by that way and seize the ground behind him—this is what is called ‘attacking where he is unprepared and going out where he does not expect.’ I will lead the troops myself as the vanguard of the army, and we are sure to break him.” Sun Ce said, “Good.” He then gave a false order in the army: “Lately it has rained day after day and the water is muddy; many soldiers have drunk it and suffered stomach pains. Quickly prepare several hundred jars and pots to settle the water.” When dusk came, he set them out in rows and lit fires to deceive Wang Lang, then divided his army and by night took the Zhadu road and attacked the camp at Gaoqian.

查瀆南去此數十里，¹而道之要徑也，宜從彼據其內，所謂攻其無備、出其不意者也。吾當自帥眾為軍前隊，破之必矣。」策曰：「善。」乃詐令軍中曰：「頃連雨水濁，兵飲之多腹痛，令促具罌缶數百口澄水。」至昏暮，羅以然火誑朗，便分軍夜投查瀆道，襲高遷屯。²

Wang Lang was greatly alarmed and sent the former Prefect of Danyang, Zhou Xin, and others to lead troops out to fight. Sun Ce defeated Zhou Xin and the others, beheaded them, and so brought Kuaiji under control. He memorialized that Sun Jing be appointed Colonel Who Arouses Martial Might and wished to give him important responsibilities, but Sun Jing, attached to the family tombs and his clansmen, had no taste for office and asked to stay behind and guard their home. Sun Ce agreed. When Sun Quan took charge of affairs, he promoted him where he was to General of the Household Who Displays Righteousness, and he died at home. He had five sons: Sun Hao, Sun Yu, Sun Jiao, Sun Huan, and Sun Qian. Sun Hao had three sons: Sun Chuo, Sun Chao, and Sun Gong. Sun Chao became a Lieutenant General. Sun Gong fathered Sun Jun. Sun Chuo fathered Sun Chen.

朗大驚。遣故丹楊太守周昕等帥兵前戰。策破昕等，斬之，遂定會稽。¹表拜靜為奮武校尉，欲授之重任，靜戀墳墓宗族，不樂出仕，求留鎮守。策從之。權統事，就遷昭義中郎將，終於家。有五子，暠、瑜、皎、奐、謙。暠三子：綽、超、恭。超為偏將軍。恭生峻。綽生綝。

Sun Yu

孫瑜

Sun Yu, courtesy name Zhongyi, first led troops as Colonel Who Respects Righteousness. At that time many of his retainers and officers were men from west of the Yangtze; Sun Yu treated them with an open mind, soothed and cared for them, and won their goodwill. In the ninth year of Jian'an he took charge of Danyang as Prefect, and people flocked to him until they numbered more than ten thousand. He was given the additional title General Who Pacifies Distant Lands. In the eleventh year he and Zhou Yu attacked the two strongholds of Ma and Bao and destroyed them. Later he followed Sun Quan to resist Lord Cao at Ruxu. When Sun Quan wanted to give battle, Sun Yu urged him to act with caution; Sun Quan did not listen, and the army indeed achieved nothing.

瑜字仲異，以恭義校尉始領兵眾。是時賓客諸將多江西人，瑜虛心綏撫，得其歡心。建安九年，領丹楊太守，為眾所附，至萬餘人。加綏遠將軍。十一年，與周瑜共討麻、保二屯，破之。後從權拒曹公於濡須，權欲交戰，瑜說權持重，權不從，軍果無功。

He was promoted to General Who Displays Might, still in charge of the commandery as before, and moved his garrison from Liyang to Niuzhu. Sun Yu made Rao Zhu of Yong'an Chief of Xiang'an and Yan Lian of Wuxi Chief of Juchao and had them win over the people of the two commanderies of Lujiang, and each of them gained followers who submitted. Ma Pu of Jiyin was devoted to learning and loved antiquity; Sun Yu treated him with great courtesy, had several hundred sons and younger brothers of the officers and officials of the two headquarters go to study under him, and so established an office of learning, attending its feasts and lectures in person.

遷奮威將軍，領郡如故，自溧陽徙屯牛渚。瑜以永安人饒助為襄安長，無錫人顏連為居巢長，使招納廬江二郡，各得降附。濟陰人馬普篤學好古，瑜厚禮之，使二府將吏子弟數百人就受業，遂立學官，臨饗講肄。

At that time the other generals all made military affairs their sole concern, but Sun Yu loved the ancient classics, and even on campaign the sound of his reciting never ceased. He died in the twentieth year of Jian'an at the age of thirty-nine. Sun Yu had five sons: Sun Mi, Sun Xi, Sun Yao, Sun Man, and Sun Hong. Sun Man rose to general and was enfeoffed as a marquis.

是時諸將皆以軍務為事，而瑜好樂墳典，雖在戎旅，誦聲不絕。年三十九，建安二十年卒。瑜五子：彌、熙、耀、曼、紘。曼至將軍，封侯。

Sun Jiao

孫皎

Sun Jiao, courtesy name Shulang, was first appointed Colonel Who Protects the Army and led more than two thousand men. At that time Lord Cao repeatedly came out against Ruxu, and each time Sun Jiao hurried to resist him, earning a name for his crack troops. He was promoted to Protector-General and General Who Campaigns Against Caitiffs, and replaced Cheng Pu in command at Xiakou. When Huang Gai and his elder brother Sun Yu died, he also absorbed their troops. He was granted Shayi, Yundu, Nanxinshi, and Jingling as his fief towns and appointed their senior officials himself. He cared little for wealth and was generous in giving, was good at forming friendships, and was on the closest terms with Zhuge Jin.

孫皎字叔朗，始拜護軍校尉，領眾二千餘人。是時曹公數出濡須，皎每赴拒，號為精銳。遷都護征虜將軍，代程普督夏口。黃蓋及兄瑜卒，又並其軍。賜沙羨、雲杜、南新市、竟陵為奉邑。自置長吏。輕財能施，善於交結，與諸葛瑾至厚。

He entrusted Liu Jing of Lujiang with judging what was right and wrong, Li Yun of Jiangxia with general affairs, and Wu Shuo of Guangling and Zhang Liang of Henan with military matters; he gave them his whole heart and treated them as intimates, and every one of them did his utmost. Once Sun Jiao sent soldiers out to reconnoiter, and they captured a beautiful woman belonging to a Wei frontier officer and presented her to Sun Jiao. Sun Jiao had her clothing changed and sent her back, and issued an order: “The ones we are punishing now are the Cao clan; what crime have their common people committed? From now on, do not attack the old and the weak.” Because of this many people between the Yangtze and the Huai came over to him.

委廬江劉靖以得失，江夏李允以眾事，廣陵吳碩、河南張梁以軍旅，而傾心親待，莫不自盡。皎嘗遣兵候獲魏邊將吏美女以進皎，皎更其衣服送還之，下令曰：「今所誅者曹氏，其百姓何罪？自今以往，不得擊其老弱。」由是江淮間多歸附者。

Once, over some trifling matter, he quarreled angrily with Gan Ning. When someone remonstrated with Gan Ning, Gan Ning said, “All subjects are alike. The General Who Campaigns Against Caitiffs may be a prince of the ruling house, but how can he insult others as he pleases? I have met an enlightened lord, and I need only give my strength and my life to repay the one I look up to as heaven; I truly cannot bend myself to follow common ways.” When Sun Quan heard of this, he sent Sun Jiao a letter rebuking him: “Since I became the enemy of the north, ten years have passed. When we first stood against them you were young, but now you are nearly thirty.

嘗以小故與甘寧忿爭，或以諫寧，寧曰：「臣子一例，征虜雖公子，何可專行侮人邪！吾值明主，但當輸效力命，以報所天，誠不能隨俗屈曲矣。」權聞之，以書讓皎曰：自吾與北方為敵，中間十年，初時相持年小，今者且三十矣。

When Confucius said, ‘At thirty I stood firm,’ he was not speaking only of the Five Classics. I gave you crack troops and entrusted you with a great charge, making you protector-general of the generals a thousand li away, because I wished you to spread our might along the northern frontier as Chu did when it entrusted Zhao Xixu—not merely to let you indulge your private whims. Lately I have heard that while drinking with Gan Xingba you flew into a rage in your cups and insulted and abused him, and that he has asked to be placed under Lü Meng's command. This man is rough and bold and at times does not suit people's liking, but taken all in all he is a true man.

孔子言「三十而立」，非但謂五經也。授卿以精兵，委卿以大任，都護諸將於千里之外，欲使如楚任昭奚恤，揚威於北境。非徒相使逞私志而已。近聞卿與甘興霸飲，因酒發作，侵陵其人，其人求屬呂蒙督中。此人雖粗豪，有不如人意時，然其較略大丈夫也。

I hold him close not out of personal favor. I hold him close and cherish him, while you keep him at a distance and dislike him; if what you do always runs contrary to me, how can it last? To keep reverent at heart and act with simplicity—that is how one can govern the people; to love others and be generous in tolerance—that is how one can win the multitude. If you do not yet understand even these two things, how can you command far away, resist the invaders, and see us through our difficulties? You are now grown and have been specially given a heavy charge; above, there are eyes watching you from afar, and below, there are your troops serving you morning and evening. How can you give free rein to violent anger?

吾親之者，非私之也。我親愛之，卿疏憎之。卿所為每與吾違，其可久乎？夫居敬而行簡，可以臨民；愛人多容，可以得眾。二者尚不能知，安可董督在遠，禦寇濟難乎？卿行長大，特受重任，上有遠方瞻望之視，下有部曲朝夕從事，何可恣意有盛怒邪？

Who among men is without fault? What matters is being able to correct it. You should reflect on your past wrongs and blame yourself deeply. I am now purposely troubling Zhuge Ziyu to convey my intentions to you once more. As I write this, I am heartsick, and my tears fall.”

人誰無過，貴其能改，宜追前愆，深自咎責。今故煩諸葛子瑜重宣吾意。臨書摧愴，心悲淚下。

On receiving the letter, Sun Jiao submitted a memorial of apology, and thereafter formed a close friendship with Gan Ning. Later, when Lü Meng was about to make a surprise attack on Nan Commandery, Sun Quan wanted to make Sun Jiao and Lü Meng Grand Commanders of the Left and Right Divisions. Lü Meng said to Sun Quan, “If Your Supreme Majesty considers the General Who Campaigns Against Caitiffs capable, then use him; if you consider me capable, then use me. In the past, when Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu were Commanders of the Left and Right Divisions and attacked Jiangling together, although decisions rested with Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu presumed on being a veteran general, and since both were commanders they fell out with each other and nearly ruined the affairs of the state. This is a warning right before our eyes.”

皎得書，上疏陳謝，遂與寧結厚。後呂蒙當襲南郡，權欲令皎與蒙為左右部大督。蒙說權曰：「若至尊以征虜能，宜用之。以蒙能，宜用蒙。昔周瑜、程普為左右部督，共攻江陵，雖事決於瑜，普自恃久將，且俱是督，遂共不睦，幾敗國事，此目前之戒也。」

Sun Quan saw his point and apologized to Lü Meng, saying, “I shall make you Grand Commander and order Sun Jiao to follow in support.” In the capture of Guan Yu and the pacification of Jing Province, Sun Jiao made a real contribution. He died in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an. Sun Quan, recording his merits after his death, enfeoffed his son Sun Yin as Marquis of Danyang. When Sun Yin died without a son, his younger brother Sun Xi succeeded him. Sun Xi commanded troops, but committed a crime and killed himself, and the fief was abolished. His younger brothers Sun Zi, Sun Mi, and Sun Yi all became generals and were enfeoffed as marquises. Sun Zi was Commander of the Yulin Guard, and Sun Yi Commander of the Wunan Guard. Sun Zi was killed by Teng Yin, and Sun Yi was put to death by Sun Jun.

權寤，謝蒙曰：「以卿為大督，命皎為後繼。」禽關羽，定荊州，皎有力焉。建安二十四年卒。權追錄其功，封子胤為丹楊侯。胤卒，無子。弟晞嗣。領兵，有罪自殺，國除。弟咨、彌、儀，皆將軍，封侯。咨羽林督，儀無難督。咨為滕胤所殺，儀為孫峻所害。

Sun Huan

孫奐

Sun Huan, courtesy name Jiming, took over command of his elder brother Sun Jiao's troops after Sun Jiao's death, and as General of the Household Who Spreads Martial Might took charge of Jiangxia as Prefect. During his year in office he followed in Sun Jiao's footsteps, treating Liu Jing, Li Yun, Wu Shuo, Zhang Liang, Lu Ju of Jiangxia, and others with courtesy and accepting all their good counsel. Sun Huan was slow of speech on the spur of the moment but quick and capable in the discharge of his office, and soldiers and people alike praised him. In the fifth year of Huangwu, when Sun Quan attacked Shiyang, Sun Huan, as the master of that territory, had the general under him, Xianyu Dan, lead five thousand men to cut the road to the Huai in advance.

孫奐字季明。兄皎既卒，代統其眾，以揚武中郎將領江夏太守。在事一年，遵皎舊跡，禮劉靖、李允、吳碩、張梁及江夏閭舉等，並納其善。奐訥於造次而敏於當官，軍民稱之。黃武五年，權攻石陽，奐以地主，使所部將軍鮮于丹帥五千人先斷淮道。

He himself, with Wu Shuo and Zhang Liang and five thousand men, formed the army's vanguard, forced Gaocheng to surrender, and captured three of its officers. When the main army withdrew, Sun Quan ordered him by edict to stay in front, and as the imperial carriage passed his army and Sun Quan saw how orderly Sun Huan's ranks were, he sighed in admiration: “At first I worried that he was slow and dull, but in the way he now runs his army, few of the generals can match him. I have nothing to worry about.” He was appointed General Who Spreads Might and enfeoffed as Marquis of Shayi. Wu Shuo and Zhang Liang both became Deputy Generals and were granted the rank of Marquis Within the Pass.

自帥吳碩、張梁五千人為軍前鋒，降高城，得三將。大軍引還，權詔使在前住，駕過其軍，見奐軍陳整齊，權歎曰：「初吾憂其遲鈍，今治軍，諸將少能及者，吾無憂矣。」拜揚威將軍，封沙羨侯。吳碩、張梁皆裨將軍，賜爵關內侯。¹

Sun Huan too loved and delighted in Confucian scholars, and again ordered the sons and younger brothers of his troops to take up study; afterward several dozen of them advanced to office at court. He died in the third year of Jiahe at the age of forty. His son Sun Cheng succeeded him and, as General of the Household Who Displays Martial Might, took over command of the troops and the commandery. He died in the sixth year of Chiwu without a son, and Sun Cheng's younger half-brother Sun Yi was enfeoffed to carry on Sun Huan's line; he inherited the family calling and became a general. When Sun Jun killed Zhuge Ke, Sun Yi, together with Quan Xi and Shi Ji, attacked Zhuge Ke's younger brother Zhuge Rong, Area Commander of Gong'an, and Zhuge Rong killed himself.

奐亦愛樂儒生，復命部曲子弟就業，後仕進朝廷者數十人。年四十，嘉禾三年卒。子承嗣，以昭武中郎將代統兵，領郡。赤烏六年卒，無子，封承庶弟壹奉奐後，襲業為將。孫峻之誅諸葛恪也，壹與全熙、施績攻恪弟公安督融，融自殺。

Sun Yi was transferred from General Who Guards the South to General Who Guards the Army, and was granted the Tally and put in command at Xiakou. When Sun Chen killed Teng Yin and Lü Ju—both Lü Ju and Teng Yin were husbands of Sun Yi's sisters—Sun Yi's younger brother Sun Feng, who had also known of Teng Yin's and Lü Ju's plot, killed himself. Sun Chen sent Zhu Yi to make a secret attack on Sun Yi. When Zhu Yi reached Wuchang, Sun Yi learned that he was coming to attack him, and leading more than a thousand of his troops and their families, and taking Teng Yin's wife with him, he fled to Wei. Wei made Sun Yi General of Chariots and Cavalry with ceremonial privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Wu, and gave him as wife the Honored Lady Xing, a consort of the former ruler Cao Fang.

壹從鎮南遷鎮軍，假節督夏口。及孫綝誅滕胤、呂據，據、胤皆壹之妹夫也，壹弟封又知胤、據謀，自殺。綝遣朱異潛襲壹。異至武昌，壹知其攻己，率部曲千餘口過將胤妻奔魏。魏以壹為車騎將軍、儀同三司，封吳侯，以故主芳貴人邢氏妻之。

Lady Xing was beautiful but jealous, and those beneath her could not bear her orders, so they joined together and killed both Sun Yi and Lady Xing. Sun Yi died three years after entering Wei.

邢美色妒忌，下不堪命，遂共殺壹及邢氏。壹入魏三年死。

Sun Ben

孫賁

Sun Ben's courtesy name was Boyang. His father Sun Qiang, courtesy name Shengtai, was Sun Jian's full elder brother. Sun Ben lost both parents early, while his younger brother Sun Fu was still an infant; Sun Ben raised him himself, and their brotherly affection was very deep. He was an Investigator of the commandery and acting Chief of a county. When Sun Jian raised loyal troops at Changsha, Sun Ben left his post and followed him on campaign. When Sun Jian died, Sun Ben took command of the remaining troops and escorted his coffin home. Later, when Yuan Shu moved to Shouchun, Sun Ben again attached himself to him. Yuan Shu's elder cousin Yuan Shao had made Zhou Ang of Kuaiji Prefect of Jiujiang; since Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu were at odds, Yuan Shu sent Sun Ben to attack Zhou Ang, and he crushed him at Yinling.

孫賁字伯陽；父羌字聖臺，堅同產兄也，賁早失二親，弟輔嬰孩，賁自贍育，友愛甚篤。為郡督郵守長。堅於長沙舉義兵，賁去吏從征伐。堅薨，賁攝帥餘眾，扶送靈柩。後袁術徙壽春，賁又依之。術從兄紹用會稽周昂為九江太守，紹與術不協，術遣賁攻破昂於陰陵。

Yuan Shu memorialized that Sun Ben take charge of Yu Province as Inspector; he was then transferred to Chief Commandant of Danyang and acting General Who Campaigns Against Caitiffs, and he attacked and subdued the Shanyue. Pressed and driven out by Liu Yao, Inspector of Yang Province, he led his officers, soldiers, and followers back to stay at Liyang. Soon afterward Yuan Shu again sent Sun Ben with Wu Jing to attack Fan Neng, Zhang Ying, and others, but they could not take their positions. When Sun Ce crossed eastward, he helped Sun Ben and Wu Jing defeat Zhang Ying, Fan Neng, and the others, and then advanced to attack Liu Yao. Liu Yao fled to Yuzhang. Sun Ce sent Sun Ben and Wu Jing back to Shouchun to report to Yuan Shu, just when Yuan Shu usurped the imperial title and appointed a full set of officials.

術表賁領豫州刺史，轉丹楊都尉，行征虜將軍，討平山越。為楊州刺史劉繇所迫逐，因將士眾還住歷陽。頃之，術復使賁與吳景共擊樊能、張英等，未能拔。及策東渡，助賁、景破英、能等，遂進擊劉繇。繇走豫章。策遣賁、景還壽春報術，值術僭號，署置百官。

Yuan Shu appointed Sun Ben Prefect of Jiujiang. Sun Ben did not take up the post, but abandoned his wife and children and returned south of the Yangtze. By then Sun Ce had already pacified the two commanderies of Wu and Kuaiji, and Sun Ben campaigned with Sun Ce against Liu Xun, Prefect of Lujiang, and Huang Zu, Prefect of Jiangxia. As the army was returning they heard that Liu Yao had died of illness, so on their way they brought Yuzhang under control, and Sun Ce reported to the throne that Sun Ben should take charge of it as Prefect; later he was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Chief Village. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, the envoy Liu Yin arrived bearing an edict that appointed Sun Ben General Who Campaigns Against Caitiffs, in charge of the commandery as before. He died after eleven years in office, and his son Sun Lin succeeded him.

除賁九江太守。賁不就，棄妻孥還江南。¹時策已平吳、會二郡，賁與策征廬江太守劉勳、江夏太守黃祖，軍旋，聞繇病死，過定豫章，上賁領太守，²後封都亭侯。建安十三年，使者劉隱奉詔拜賁為征虜將軍，領郡如故。在官十一年卒。子鄰嗣。

At the age of nine Sun Lin took over the governing of Yuzhang in his father's place, and was promoted to Marquis of a Chief District. During nearly twenty years in the commandery he attacked and subdued rebel bandits, and his administration was well ordered. He was summoned back to Wuchang to become Commander of the Tent Guard. At that time the Minister of Ceremonies Pan Jun was in charge of the affairs of Jing Province, and Shu Xie of Chenliu, Chief of Zhong'an, was put in prison for a crime. Pan Jun had once been slighted by Shu Xie, and he wished to deal with him according to the full rigor of the law. Most of those who discussed the matter spoke up for Shu Xie, but Pan Jun would still not release him. Sun Lin said to Pan Jun, “The way Shu Boying and his brother vied with each other to die is regarded as righteous throughout the land and told as a noble story, and Shu Zhongying also has long held to his loyalty to the state.

鄰年九歲，代領豫章，進封都鄉侯。¹在郡垂二十年，討平叛賊，功績修理。召還武昌，為繞帳督。時太常潘浚掌荊州事，重安長陳留舒燮有罪下獄，浚嘗失燮，欲置之於法。論者多有為言，浚猶不釋。鄰謂浚曰：「舒伯膺兄弟爭死，海內義之，以為美談，仲膺又奉國舊意。

If you now kill his son or younger brother, then when the realm is united and the blue-canopied carriage makes its tour of the north, the gentlemen of the Central Plains are sure to ask after Zhongying's heirs; if the answer is ‘Pan Chengming killed Shu Xie,’ how would that look?” Pan Jun's anger at once subsided, and Shu Xie was thereby saved. Sun Lin was transferred to Area Commander of Xiakou and Mianzhong and General Who Awes Distant Lands, and he performed well in every post he held. He died in the twelfth year of Chiwu, and his son Sun Miao succeeded him. Sun Miao's younger brother Sun Lu and his uncles Sun An, Sun Xi, and Sun Ji all held a succession of offices.

今君殺其子弟，若天下一統，青蓋北巡，中州士人必問仲膺繼嗣，答者云潘承明殺燮，於事何如？」浚意即解，燮用得濟。¹鄰遷夏口沔中督、威遠將軍，所居任職。赤烏十二年卒。子苗嗣。苗弟旅及叔父安、熙、績，皆歷列位。²

Sun Fu

孫輔

Sun Fu, courtesy name Guoyi, was Sun Ben's younger brother. As Colonel Who Spreads Martial Might he helped Sun Ce pacify three commanderies. When Sun Ce attacked the seven counties of Danyang, he had Sun Fu garrison Liyang in the west to hold off Yuan Shu, and at the same time to win over the remaining population and gather those who had scattered. He also followed Sun Ce in the attack on Lingyang and captured Zu Lang and others alive. When Sun Ce struck west against Liu Xun, Prefect of Lujiang, Sun Fu went with him, placed himself ahead of the soldiers, and distinguished himself. Sun Ce set Sun Fu up as Prefect of Luling, and he pacified the cities under it and appointed officials to each.

孫輔字國儀，賁弟也，以揚武校尉佐孫策平三郡。策討丹楊七縣，使輔西屯歷陽以拒袁術，並招誘餘民，鳩合遺散。又從策討陵陽，生得祖郎等。¹策西襲廬江太守劉勳，輔隨從，身先士卒，有功。策立輔為廬陵太守，撫定屬城，分置長吏。

He was promoted to General Who Pacifies the South, granted the Tally, and put in charge of Jiao Province as Inspector. He sent envoys to communicate with Lord Cao; the affair was discovered, and Sun Quan had him confined. He died several years later. His sons Sun Xing, Sun Zhao, Sun Wei, and Sun Xin all held a succession of offices.

遷平南將軍，假節領交州刺史。遣使與曹公相聞，事覺，權幽繫之。¹數歲卒。子興、昭、偉、昕，皆歷列位。

Sun Yi

孫翊

Sun Yi, courtesy name Shubi, was Sun Quan's younger brother. He was brave, fierce, decisive, and resolute, with something of his elder brother Sun Ce's manner. The Prefect Zhu Zhi recommended him as Filial and Incorrupt, and the Minister of Works summoned him to office. In the eighth year of Jian'an he took charge of Danyang as Prefect with the rank of Lieutenant General; he was then twenty years old. Later he was killed by Bian Hong, one of his own attendants, and Bian Hong was promptly executed. His son Sun Song became Colonel of Archers Who Shoot at Sound and Marquis of a Chief District. He died in the third year of Huanglong. Chancellor Zhuge Liang of Shu wrote to his elder brother Zhuge Jin: “Having received generous treatment from the eastern court, I feel a lingering attachment to its young men.

孫翊字叔弼，權弟也，驍悍果烈，有兄策風。太守朱治舉孝廉，司空辟。¹建安八年，以偏將軍領丹楊太守，時年二十。後卒為左右邊鴻所殺，鴻亦即誅。²子松為射聲校尉、都鄉侯。³黃龍三年卒。蜀丞相諸葛亮與兄瑾書曰：“既受東朝厚遇，依依於子弟。

Moreover, Ziqiao was a fine talent, and I grieve for him. When I look at the things he gave me, I am moved to tears.” That he mourned Sun Song in this way was because Zhuge Liang's adopted son Zhuge Qiao had told him about Sun Song; that is why he wrote so.

又子喬良器，為之惻愴。見其所與亮器物，感用流涕。”其悼松如此，由亮養子喬咨述故云。

Sun Kuang

孫匡

Sun Kuang, courtesy name Jizuo, was Sun Yi's younger brother. He was recommended as Filial and Incorrupt and as Flourishing Talent, but died before he had been given office; he was then a little over twenty. His son Sun Tai, a nephew of the Cao family through his mother, became Colonel of the Changshui Cavalry. In the third year of Jiahe he followed Sun Quan in besieging Xincheng and was killed by a stray arrow. Sun Tai's son Sun Xiu became General of the Van and Area Commander of Xiakou. Since Sun Xiu was a close kinsman of the ruling house and held troops outside the capital, Sun Hao was uneasy about him. In the second year of Jianheng, Sun Hao sent He Ding with five thousand men to Xiakou to hunt.

孫匡字季佐，翊弟也。舉孝廉茂才，未試用，卒。時年二十餘。¹子泰，曹氏之甥也，為長水校尉。嘉禾三年，從權圍新城，中流矢死。泰子秀為前將軍、夏口督。秀公室至親，握兵在外，皓意不能平。建衡二年，皓遣何定將五千人至夏口獵。

Before this, people had all been saying that Sun Xiu would be targeted, and when He Ding came so far to hunt, Sun Xiu took fright at last and by night fled to Jin with his wife and children and several hundred of his personal troops. Jin made Sun Xiu General of Agile Cavalry with ceremonial privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and enfeoffed him as Duke of Kuaiji.

先是，民間僉言秀當見圖，而定遠獵，秀遂驚，夜將妻子親兵數百人奔晉。晉以秀為驃騎將軍、儀同三司，封會稽公。¹

Sun Shao

孫韶

Sun Shao's courtesy name was Gongli. His paternal uncle Sun He, courtesy name Bohai, was originally surnamed Yu and was likewise a man of Wu. Sun Ce was fond of him, granted him the surname Sun, and entered him in the clan register; later he became a general and was stationed at Jingcheng.

孫韶字公禮。伯父河，字伯海，本姓俞氏，亦吳人也。孫策愛之，賜姓為孫，列之屬籍，¹後為將軍，屯京城。

Earlier, when Sun Quan had killed Sheng Xian, Prefect of Wu Commandery, Gui Lan and Dai Yuan, whom Sheng Xian had once recommended as Filial and Incorrupt, fled and hid in the mountains. When Sun Yi became Prefect of Danyang, he invited them both with courtesy. Gui Lan became Grand Area Commander in charge of the troops, and Dai Yuan became Assistant of the commandery.

初，孫權殺吳郡太守盛憲，¹憲故孝廉媯覽、戴員亡匿山中，孫翊為丹楊，皆禮致之。覽為大都督督兵，員為郡丞。

When Sun Yi was murdered, Sun He galloped to Wanling and angrily rebuked Gui Lan and Dai Yuan for having failed to keep things under control and letting treachery be carried out. The two men discussed it: “Bohai is only a distant relation of the General, yet he berates us like this. If the General Who Punishes Caitiffs comes, not one of us will be left.” So they killed Sun He and sent men north to welcome Liu Fu, Inspector of Yang Province, asking him to station himself at Liyang while they would bring Danyang over to him. Just then Sun Yi's attendants Xu Yuan, Sun Gao, Fu Ying, and others killed Gui Lan and Dai Yuan.

及翊遇害，河馳赴宛陵，責怒覽、員，以不能全權，令使奸變得施。二人議曰：「伯海與將軍疏遠，而責我乃耳。討虜若來，吾屬無遺矣。」遂殺河，使人北迎揚州刺史劉馥，令住歷陽，以丹陽應之。會翊帳下徐元、孫高、傅嬰等殺覽、員。¹

At seventeen Sun Shao gathered what remained of Sun He's troops and repaired the defenses of Jingcheng. He raised watchtowers and put weapons and equipment in order to resist the enemy. When Sun Quan heard of the trouble, he returned from Jiaoqiu, brought Danyang under control on his way, and led his army back to Wu. Arriving by night below Jingcheng, he pitched camp and, as a test, made a mock attack to alarm them; the soldiers all mounted the walls, passed the alarm along, and stood on guard, their shouting shook the ground, and they shot a good many arrows at the men outside. Only when Sun Quan had someone explain the situation to them did they stop. The next day he met Sun Shao and thought very highly of him. He at once appointed him Colonel Who Carries On Valor, gave him command of Sun He's troops, granted him the two counties of Qu'e and Dantu for his revenue, and let him appoint their senior officials himself, all just as it had been for Sun He.

韶年十七，收河餘眾，繕治京城。起樓櫓，修器備以禦敵。權聞亂，從椒丘還，過定丹楊，引軍歸吳。夜至京城下營，試攻驚之，兵皆乘城傳檄備警，歡聲動地，頗射外人，權使曉喻乃止。明日見韶，甚器之。即拜承烈校尉，統河部曲，食曲阿、丹徒二縣，自置長吏，一如河舊。

Later he became Prefect of Guangling and a Lieutenant General. When Sun Quan became King of Wu, he was promoted to General Who Spreads Might and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiande. When Sun Quan took the imperial title, he became General Who Guards the North. Sun Shao served as a frontier general for several decades; he cared well for his soldiers and won their devotion unto death. He always made it his business to keep watch on the border and send scouts far ahead, so that he knew the enemy's movements beforehand and prepared for them; therefore he rarely suffered defeat. A good many people from Qing, Xu, Runan, and Pei came over to him, and the garrisons and watch-posts along the Yangtze in Huainan all withdrew their troops and moved far away, so that in the lands of Xu, the Si, the Yangtze, and the Huai there were stretches of several hundred li each where no one lived.

後為廣陵太守、偏將軍。權為吳王，遷揚威將軍，封建德侯。權稱尊號，為鎮北將軍。韶為邊將數十年，善養士卒，得其死力。常以警疆埸遠斥候為務，先知動靜而為之備，故鮮有負敗。青、徐、汝、沛頗來歸附，淮南濱江屯候皆徹兵遠徙，徐、泗、江、淮之地，不居者各數百里。

After Sun Quan went west and moved his capital to Wuchang, Sun Shao was unable to come and see him for more than ten years. Only when Sun Quan returned to Jianye could he attend court. Sun Quan asked him about the strategic points of the garrisons in Qing and Xu, the numbers of men and horses near and far, and the names of the Wei generals and commanders; he knew them all in detail and had an answer for every question. He stood eight chi tall and had a most elegant bearing. Sun Quan was delighted and said, “I have not seen Gongli for a long time; I never expected he had advanced so far.” He added to his titles Governor of You Province and granted him the Tally.

自權西征，還都武昌，韶不進見者十餘年。權還建業，乃得朝覲。權問青、徐諸屯要害，遠近人馬眾寡，魏將帥姓名，盡具識之，有問咸對。身長八尺，儀貌都雅。權歡悅曰：「吾久不見公禮，不圖進益乃爾。」加領幽州牧、假節。

He died in the fourth year of Chiwu. His son Sun Yue succeeded him and rose to General of the Right. Sun Yue's elder brother Sun Kai, Grand General of the Martial Guard and Marquis of Lincheng, replaced Sun Yue as Area Commander at Jing. Sun Kai's younger brother Sun Yi rose to General Commanding the Army; another brother, Sun Yi, became Director of the Imperial Clan; and Sun Hui became Prefect of Wuling. In the first year of Tianxi, Sun Kai was summoned to be General of Agile Cavalry Guarding the Palace. Earlier, when the bandit Shi Dan of Yong'an and others had seized Sun Hao's younger brother Sun Qian and attacked Jianye, someone reported that Sun Kai had been of two minds and had not immediately come to suppress them, and Sun Hao repeatedly sent men to question Sun Kai.

赤烏四年卒。子越嗣，至右將軍，越兄楷武衛大將軍、臨成侯，代越為京下督。楷弟異至領軍將軍，奕宗正卿，恢武陵太守。天璽元年，征楷為宮下鎮驃騎將軍。初永安賊施但等劫皓弟謙，襲建業，或白楷二端不即赴討者，皓數遣詰楷。

Sun Kai had been constantly fearful, and when he was suddenly summoned, he at last took his wife and children and several hundred of his personal troops and went over to Jin. Jin made him General of Chariots and Cavalry and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Danyang.

楷常惶怖，而卒被召，遂將妻子親兵數百人歸晉，晉以為車騎將軍，封丹楊侯。¹

Sun Huan

孫桓

Sun Huan, courtesy name Shuwu, was Sun He's son. At twenty-five he was appointed General of the Household Who Pacifies the East and resisted Liu Bei together with Lu Xun. Liu Bei's army was enormous, covering the mountains and filling the valleys, but Sun Huan threw himself into the fight with his blade and staked his life. Joining forces with Lu Xun, they finally put Liu Bei to flight. Sun Huan cut off the Shangkui road and blocked the key points of his escape routes. Liu Bei crossed mountains and passed through rough terrain and only barely got away; in bitter resentment he sighed, “When I first came to Jingcheng long ago, Sun Huan was still a little boy, and now he has driven me to this!”

孫桓字叔武，河之子也。¹年二十五，拜安東中郎將，與陸遜共拒劉備。備軍眾甚盛，彌山盈谷，桓投刀奮命。與遜戮力，備遂敗走。桓斬上夔道，截其徑要。備逾山越險，僅乃得免，忿恚歎曰：“吾昔初至京城，桓尚小兒，而今迫孤乃至此也！”

For his merit Sun Huan was appointed General Who Establishes Martial Might and enfeoffed as Marquis of Dantu. He went down to take command at Niuzhu and was building the fort at Hengjiang when he died.

桓以功拜建武將軍，封丹徒侯，下督牛渚，作橫江塢，會卒。¹

Appraisal

評

Appraisal: The kindness and duty of treating one's kin as kin is the constant rule of past and present. “The sons of the clan are the city wall,” as the poet praised. How much more so these Suns, some of whom helped lay the first foundations of the state's rise and some of whom held and guarded the frontier, proving equal to their charge and not disgracing the honors they received! Therefore I have recorded them in detail.

評曰：夫親親恩義，古今之常。宗子維城，詩人所稱。況此諸孫，或贊興初基，或鎮據邊陲，克堪厥任，不忝其榮者乎！故詳著云。