Records of Shu 9: Biographies of Dong He, Liu Ba, Ma Liang, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun and Lü Yi

Records of Shu 9: Biographies of Dong He, Liu Ba, Ma Liang, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun and Lü Yi

Dong He

董和

Dong He, courtesy name Youzai, was a man of Zhijiang County in Nan Commandery; his forebears were originally from Jiangzhou County in Ba Commandery. At the end of the Han, Dong He led his clan west, and Liu Zhang, Imperial Protector of Yi Province, made him Chief of Niubi and of Jiangyuan and Magistrate of Chengdu. The land of Shu was rich and prosperous, and the customs of the time were extravagant: families that traded for profit dressed like marquises and dined on delicacies, and for weddings and funerals they would empty their households and exhaust their property. Dong He himself led the way in frugality, wearing coarse clothes and eating vegetables; he checked excess and presumption and set rules against them, so that wherever he served, the customs changed for the better, and people held him in awe and did not transgress.

董和字幼宰，南郡枝江人也，其先本巴郡江州人。漢末，和率宗族西遷，益州牧劉璋以為牛鞞、¹江原長、成都令。蜀土富實，時俗奢侈，貨殖之家，侯服玉食，婚姻葬送，傾家竭產。和躬率以儉，惡衣蔬食，防遏逾僭，為之軌制，所在皆移風變善，畏而不犯。

However, the powerful families within the county dreaded Dong He's strict laws and persuaded Liu Zhang to transfer him to be Commandant of the Badong Dependent State. Several thousand officials and commoners, old and weak, came together hand in hand to beg that Dong He be kept, so Liu Zhang let him stay two more years. Afterward he was promoted to Prefect of Yizhou Commandery, where he remained as pure and frugal as before. In dealing with the Man and Yi tribes he strove to show sincerity, and the people of the south loved and trusted him.

然縣界豪強憚和嚴法，說璋轉和為巴東屬國都尉。吏民老弱相攜乞留和者數千人，璋聽留二年，還遷益州太守，其清約如前。與蠻夷從事，務推誠心，南土愛而信之。

When the First Ruler conquered Shu, he summoned Dong He to be General of the Household Who Manages the Army, and together with the Military Adviser General Zhuge Liang he handled the affairs of the office of the General of the Left and Grand Marshal. Dong He put forward what was right and struck out what was wrong, and the two were on warm terms. From the time Dong He took office and drew a salary, governing distant regions abroad and managing the central affairs of government at home for more than twenty years, on the day he died his household had not even a picul of grain to its name. Later, when Zhuge Liang became Chancellor, he issued an instruction to his subordinates, saying: “Those who take part together in the administration are there to gather the thoughts of many and broaden loyal and beneficial counsel.

先主定蜀，徵和為掌軍中郎將，與軍師將軍諸葛亮並署左將軍大司馬府事，獻可替否，共為歡交。自和居官食祿，外牧殊域，內幹機衡，二十餘年，死之日家無儋石之財。亮後為丞相，教與羣下曰：「夫參署者，集眾思廣忠益也。

If people shun small unpleasantness and shrink from contradicting and re-examining one another, there will be gaps and losses. To contradict and re-examine and so arrive at what is right is like throwing away worn-out sandals and gaining pearls and jade. Yet it is hard for the human heart to give its all; only Xu Yuanzhi was never swayed in this, and Dong Youzai, in his seven years of joint administration, whenever something fell short, would come back to tell me of it as many as ten times. If you can emulate even a tenth of Yuanzhi and the earnest diligence of Youzai, and be loyal to the state, then I, Liang, may commit fewer errors.”

若遠小嫌，難相違覆，曠闕損矣。違覆而得中，猶棄弊蹻而獲珠玉。然人心苦不能盡，惟徐元直處茲不惑，又董幼宰參署七年，事有不至，至於十反，來相啟告。苟能慕元直之十一，幼宰之殷勤，有忠於國，則亮可少過矣。」

He also said: “In the past, when I first befriended Cui Zhouping, I often heard from him about my successes and failures; later, when I befriended Xu Yuanzhi, I was diligently instructed and admonished by him. Earlier, when I took part in affairs with Dong Youzai, he spoke his mind fully every time he spoke; later, when I worked with Hu Weidu, he repeatedly remonstrated to stop me. Though my nature is base and benighted and I could not accept all their advice, I remained on good terms with these four men from beginning to end, which is surely enough to show that I did not distrust frank words.” Such was the way Zhuge Liang remembered Dong He.

又曰：「昔初交州平，屢聞得失，後交元直，勤見啟誨，前參事於幼宰，每言則盡，後從事於偉度，數有諫止；雖姿性鄙暗，不能悉納，然與此四子終始好合，亦足以明其不疑於直言也。」其追思和如此。 ¹

Liu Ba

劉巴

Liu Ba, courtesy name Zichu, was a man of Zhengyang County in Lingling Commandery. He was known from his youth; Liu Biao, Imperial Protector of Jing Province, repeatedly summoned him and also recommended him as Flourishing Talent, but he accepted none of these. After Liu Biao died, Lord Cao campaigned against Jing Province. The First Ruler fled south of the Yangtze, and the gentlemen of Jing and Chu followed him like clouds, but Liu Ba went north to Lord Cao. Lord Cao made him a clerk on his staff and sent him to win over Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang. As it happened, the First Ruler seized the three commanderies, so Liu Ba could not return to report on his mission, and he went far away to Jiaozhi. The First Ruler deeply regretted this.

劉巴字子初，零陵烝陽人也。少知名，¹荊州牧劉表連辟，及舉茂才，皆不就。表卒，曹公徵荊州。先主奔江南，荊、楚群士從之如雲，而巴北詣曹公。曹公辟為掾，使招納長沙、零陵、桂陽。 ²會先主略有三郡，巴不得反使，遂遠適交阯，³先主深以為恨。

Liu Ba then went from Jiaozhi to Shu. Soon after, the First Ruler conquered Yi Province; Liu Ba apologized for his past offenses, and the First Ruler did not reproach him. Moreover, Zhuge Kongming repeatedly praised and recommended him, and the First Ruler appointed him Clerk of the Western Bureau under the General of the Left.

巴復從交阯至蜀。¹俄而先主定益州，巴辭謝罪負，先主不責。²而諸葛孔明數稱薦之，先主辟為左將軍西曹掾。³

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an, when the First Ruler became King of Hanzhong, Liu Ba became Master of Writing, and later succeeded Fa Zheng as Director of the Secretariat. He lived purely and frugally and did not manage property; and since he had not been an adherent from the beginning, he feared being suspected and resented, so he kept respectfully silent and quiet, had no private associations outside his duties, and did not speak except on official business. When the First Ruler assumed the imperial title and solemnly announced it to August Heaven, the Supreme Lord, and the spirits of Sovereign Earth, all the proclamations, announcements, patents and commands were composed by Liu Ba.

建安二十四年，先主為漢中王，巴為尚書，後代法正為尚書令。躬履清儉，不治產業，又自以歸附非素，懼見猜嫌，恭默守靜，退無私交，非公事不言。¹先主稱尊號，昭告於皇天上帝后土神祇，凡諸文誥策命，皆巴所作也。

He died in the second year of Zhangwu. After his death, Chen Qun, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing of Wei, wrote to the Chancellor Zhuge Liang asking for news of Liu Ba, and referred to him as “Lord Liu Zichu,” showing great respect and esteem for him.

章武二年卒。卒後，魏尚書僕射陳群與丞相諸葛亮書，問巴消息，稱曰劉君子初，甚敬重焉。 ¹

Ma Liang

馬良

Ma Liang, courtesy name Jichang, was a man of Yicheng in Xiangyang. He and his four brothers all had a name for talent, and the people of their home district made a saying about them: “Of the five Changs of the Ma clan, White Eyebrows is the best.” Ma Liang had white hairs in his eyebrows, hence the name. When the First Ruler took charge of Jing Province, he appointed him an Attendant Officer. When the First Ruler entered Shu and Zhuge Liang followed after him, Ma Liang stayed in Jing Province and wrote to Zhuge Liang: “I hear that Luo City has already fallen—this is Heaven's blessing.

馬良字季常，襄陽宜城人也。兄弟五人，並有才名，鄉里為之諺曰：「馬氏五常，白眉最良。」良眉中有白毛，故以稱之。先主領荊州，辟為從事。及先主入蜀，諸葛亮亦從後往，良留荊州，與亮書曰：「聞雒城已拔，此天祚也。

You, my honored elder brother, answer the call of the times and aid the age, assisting in the great enterprise and bringing glory to the state; the signs of it are already apparent. In adapting to change, one should use refined deliberation; in weighing what is to be valued, one should shed clear discernment; and in selecting talent, one should suit the needs of the time. If you soften your brilliance to please those far away and spread virtue through Heaven and Earth, so that the times grow accustomed to hearing it and the age submits to the Way; if you harmonize the lofty and subtle tones and correct the sounds of Zheng and Wey, so that all benefit the task and none disturbs the order of the others—then this will be the perfection of strings and pipes, the melody of Bo Ya and Shi Kuang. Though I am no Zhong Ziqi, how could I not beat time in appreciation!” The First Ruler appointed Ma Liang a clerk on the staff of the General of the Left.

尊兄應期贊世，配業光國，魄兆見矣。¹夫變用雅慮，審貴垂明，於以簡才，宜適其時。若乃和光悅遠，邁德天壤，使時閒於聽，世服於道，齊高妙之音，正鄭、衛之聲，並利於事，無相奪倫，此乃管弦之至，牙、曠之調也。雖非鍾期，敢不擊節！」先主辟良為左將軍掾。

Later, when he was sent as an envoy to Wu, Ma Liang said to Zhuge Liang, “I now carry the state's mandate to bring harmony between our two houses. Please be kind enough to introduce me to General Sun.” Zhuge Liang said, “Try drafting it yourself.” Ma Liang then wrote a draft: “My sovereign has sent his clerk Ma Liang to pay a courtesy visit and continue our friendship, so as to carry on the achievements of Kunwu and Shiwei. He is a fine gentleman, one of the best of Jing and Chu. He has little of the showiness that dazzles in a moment, but he has the virtue of carrying things through to the end. I hope you will condescend to receive him, so as to comfort the one who bears our mandate.” Sun Quan treated him with respect.

後遣使吳，良謂亮曰：「今銜國命，協穆二家，幸為良介於孫將軍。」亮曰：「君試自為文。」良即為草曰：「寡君遣掾馬良通聘繼好，以紹昆吾、豕韋之勳。其人吉士，荊楚之令，鮮于造次之華，而有克終之美，願降心存納，以慰將命。」權敬待之。

When the First Ruler assumed the imperial title, he made Ma Liang a Palace Attendant. When he campaigned east against Wu, he sent Ma Liang into Wuling to win over the Man and Yi of Wuxi; the Man and Yi chieftains all accepted seals and titles, and everything went as intended. Then the First Ruler was defeated at Yiling, and Ma Liang was also killed. The First Ruler appointed Ma Liang's son Ma Bing Chief Commandant of Cavalry. Ma Liang's younger brother Ma Su, courtesy name Youchang, followed the First Ruler into Shu as an Attendant Officer of Jing Province, and was appointed Magistrate of Mianzhu and of Chengdu and Prefect of Yuexi.

先主稱尊號，以良為侍中。及東征吳，遣良入武陵招納五溪蠻夷，蠻夷渠帥皆受印號，咸如意指。會先主敗績於夷陵，良亦遇害。先主拜良子秉為騎都尉。良弟謖，字幼常，以荊州從事隨先主入蜀，除綿竹成都令、越嶲太守。

His talent and capacity surpassed other men's, and he loved to discuss military strategy; the Chancellor Zhuge Liang thought him exceptional. When the First Ruler was on his deathbed, he said to Zhuge Liang, “Ma Su's words exceed his substance; he must not be given great responsibility. Watch him carefully!” Zhuge Liang still did not think so; he made Ma Su an Army Adviser, and often called him in for discussions that went on from day into night. In the sixth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led his army out toward Mount Qi. At that time there were veteran generals such as Wei Yan and Wu Yi, and everyone said they should be made the vanguard, but Zhuge Liang went against the general opinion and promoted Ma Su, putting him at the head of the main force. Ma Su fought the Wei general Zhang He at Jieting, was routed by Zhang He, and his soldiers scattered.

才器過人，好論軍計，丞相諸葛亮深加器異。先主臨薨謂亮曰：「馬謖言過其實，不可大用，君其察之！」亮猶謂不然，以謖為參軍，每引見談論，自晝達夜。¹建興六年，亮出軍向祁山，時有宿將魏延、吳壹等，論者皆言以為宜令為先鋒，而亮違眾拔謖，統大眾在前，與魏將張郃戰於街亭，為郃所破，士卒離散。

With no foothold left if he advanced, Zhuge Liang withdrew his army and returned to Hanzhong. Ma Su was thrown into prison and died there, and Zhuge Liang wept for him. Ma Liang was thirty-six when he died, and Ma Su thirty-nine.

亮進無所據，退軍還漢中。謖下獄物故，亮為之流涕。良死時年三十六，謖年三十九。¹

Chen Zhen

陳震

Chen Zhen, courtesy name Xiaoqi, was a man of Nanyang. When the First Ruler took on the office of Imperial Protector of Jing Province, he appointed him an Attendant Officer in charge of the commanderies, and Chen Zhen followed the First Ruler into Shu. After Shu was pacified he became Commandant of the Northern Division of Shu Commandery; when the name of the commandery was changed, he became Prefect of Wenshan, and was then transferred to Qianwei. In the third year of Jianxing he entered the court as Master of Writing and was promoted to Director of the Secretariat, and was sent on a mission to Wu. In the seventh year, when Sun Quan assumed the imperial title, Chen Zhen was made Commandant of the Guards and sent to congratulate Sun Quan on his accession. Zhuge Liang wrote to his elder brother Zhuge Jin: “Xiaoqi's loyal and pure nature has grown only stronger with age, and in praising both east and west and bringing them to joyful harmony he has qualities to be valued.”

陳震字孝起，南陽人也。先主領荊州牧，辟為從事，部諸郡，隨先主入蜀。蜀既定，為蜀郡北部都尉，因易郡名，為汶山太守，轉在犍為。建興三年，入拜尚書，遷尚書令，奉命使吳。七年，孫權稱尊號，以震為衛尉，賀權踐阼，諸葛亮與兄瑾書曰：「孝起忠純之性，老而益篤，及其贊述東西，歡樂和合，有可貴者。」

When Chen Zhen entered the Wu border, he sent a dispatch to the officers of the frontier pass, saying: “Between East and West, courier envoys come and go, and the caps and carriage canopies of officials are within sight of one another along the road; we renew our covenant and our original friendship, and make it new each day. The Honored One of the East, answering the call to preserve the sacred throne, has announced it to Heaven with the burnt offering and received the mandate, and has divided the realm; all under Heaven has echoed in response, and each has found where it belongs. At such a time, if we attack the rebels with one heart, what bandits could fail to be destroyed! The sovereign and ministers of the Western court crane their necks in joyful reliance. I, lacking talent, have been appointed a humble envoy to pay a courtesy visit and express our friendship; setting foot across the border, I leap for joy, and entering feels like coming home.

震入吳界，移關候曰：東之與西，驛使往來，冠蓋相望，申盟初好，日新其事。東尊應保聖祚，告燎受符，剖判土宇，天下響應，各有所歸。於此時也，以同心討賊，則何寇不滅哉！西朝君臣，引領欣賴。震以不才，得充下使，奉聘敘好，踐界踴躍，入則如歸。

When Xianzi went to Lu, he violated the taboo on the names of its mountains, and the Spring and Autumn criticized him for it. I hope you will be sure to inform us, so that we envoys may keep good relations. This very day I have raised the banners and addressed the company, and each has made a pledge and oath. The current carries us swiftly downstream, and the statutes of your state differ from ours; I fear we may commit some violation, so I beg you to consider and instruct us, and show us what is proper.”

獻子適魯，犯其山諱，春秋譏之。望必啟告，使行人睦焉。即日張旍誥眾，各自約誓。順流漂疾，國典異制，懼或有違，幸必斟誨，示其所宜。

When Chen Zhen reached Wuchang, Sun Quan ascended the altar with him, smeared the blood of the covenant, and divided the realm between them: Xu, Yu, You and Qing Provinces were to belong to Wu, and Bing, Liang, Ji and Yan Provinces to Shu, while the land of Si Province was divided at Hangu Pass. On his return Chen Zhen was enfeoffed as Neighborhood Marquis of Chengyang.

震到武昌，孫權與震升壇歃盟，交分天下：以徐、豫、幽、青屬吳，并、涼、冀、兗屬蜀，其司州之土，以函谷關為界。震還，封城陽亭侯。

In the ninth year, the Protector-General Li Ping was dismissed for deceit and false accusation. Zhuge Liang wrote to the Chief Clerk Jiang Wan and the Palace Attendant Dong Yun: “When Xiaoqi was about to leave for Wu some time ago, he told me that Zhengfang had scales and armor in his belly, and that the people of his home district thought him unapproachable. I thought that as for scales and armor, one need only avoid provoking them; I never expected that something like the doings of Su Qin and Zhang Yi would arise again. Let Xiaoqi know of this.” In the thirteenth year Chen Zhen died, and his son Chen Ji succeeded him.

九年，都護李平坐誣罔廢；諸葛亮與長史蔣琬、侍中董允書曰：「孝起前臨至吳，為吾說正方腹中有鱗甲，鄉黨以為不可近。吾以為鱗甲者但不當犯之耳，不圖復有蘇、張之事出於不意。可使孝起知之。」十三年，震卒。子濟嗣。

Dong Yun

董允

Dong Yun, courtesy name Xiuzhao, was the son of Dong He, General of the Household Who Manages the Army. When the First Ruler established his heir apparent, Dong Yun was selected to be a Retainer, and was then transferred to Forerunner. When the Latter Ruler succeeded to the throne, Dong Yun was promoted to Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in Attendance. When the Chancellor Zhuge Liang was about to march north and stationed himself at Hanzhong, he worried that the Latter Ruler was young and might find it hard to tell vermilion from purple; since Dong Yun was fair and clear-minded, he wished to entrust him with the affairs of the palace. He submitted a memorial saying: “The Palace Attendants Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi, the Gentleman in Attendance Dong Yun, and others were selected by the late Emperor to be left to Your Majesty. To weigh matters and offer correction and benefit, and to come forward and speak loyal words to the full—that is their charge.

董允字休昭，掌軍中郎將和之子也。先主立太子，允以選為舍人，徙洗馬。後主襲位，遷黃門侍郎。丞相亮將北征，住漢中，慮後主富於春秋，朱紫難別，以允秉心公亮，欲任以宮省之事。上疏曰：「侍中郭攸之、費禕、侍郎董允等，先帝簡拔以遺陛下，至於斟酌規益，進盡忠言，則其任也。

In my humble opinion, if all the affairs of the palace, great and small, are referred to them, they will surely repair what is lacking and missing and bring broad benefit. If no words that advance virtue are heard, then put Dong Yun and the others to death to make their negligence known.” Soon afterward Zhuge Liang requested that Fei Yi be made his Army Adviser, and Dong Yun was promoted to Palace Attendant and concurrently General of the Household Rapid as Tigers, in command of the personal troops of the palace guard. Guo Youzhi was by nature mild and compliant and merely filled his post. The duty of offering counsel and remonstrance was entirely in Dong Yun's hands.

愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以諮之，必能裨補闕漏，有所廣益。若無興德之言，則戮允等以彰其慢。」亮尋請禕為參軍，允遷為侍中，領虎賁中郎將，統宿衛親兵。攸之性素和順，備員而已。¹獻納之任，允皆專之矣。

In handling affairs Dong Yun worked to prevent and restrain, and did everything possible to correct and rescue. The Latter Ruler often wished to select women to fill his harem, but Dong Yun held that in ancient times the empresses and consorts of the Son of Heaven did not exceed twelve, and that since the concubines were now complete in number there should be no more; he stood firm to the end and would not comply. The Latter Ruler held him in ever greater awe. When the Director of the Secretariat Jiang Wan took on the post of Inspector of Yi Province, he submitted a memorial offering to yield it to Fei Yi and Dong Yun, and also memorialized: “Dong Yun has served within the palace for years and assisted the royal house; he should be granted a rank and fief to honor his merit and labor.”

允處事為防制，甚盡匡救之理。後主常欲採擇以充后宮，允以為古者天子后妃之數不過十二，今嬪嬙已具，不宜增益，終執不聽。後主益嚴憚之。尚書令蔣琬領益州刺史，上疏以讓費禕及允，又表「允內侍歷年，翼贊王室，宜賜爵土以褒勳勞。」

Dong Yun firmly declined and did not accept. As the Latter Ruler gradually grew up, he became fond of the eunuch Huang Hao. Huang Hao was obsequious and clever and sought to worm his way into favor. Dong Yun always corrected his lord above with a stern countenance and repeatedly rebuked Huang Hao below. Huang Hao feared Dong Yun and dared not do wrong. As long as Dong Yun lived, Huang Hao's position did not rise above Assistant of the Yellow Gate.

允固辭不受。後主漸長大，愛宦人黃皓。皓便辟佞慧，欲自容入。允常上則正色匡主，下則數責於皓。皓畏允，不敢為非。終允之世，皓位不過黃門丞。

Dong Yun once arranged an outing and banquet with the Director of the Secretariat Fei Yi, the Central Army Director Hu Ji and others. The carriages had already been made ready when Dong Hui of Xiangyang, a Gentleman of the Palace, came to pay his respects to Dong Yun. Dong Hui was young and of low rank; seeing that Dong Yun had put off his departure, he hesitated and asked to take his leave, but Dong Yun would not allow it, saying: “The reason I was going out was to enjoy the company and conversation of like-minded friends. Now that you have troubled yourself to come, and we are about to unfold what has long been on our minds, to abandon this conversation for that banquet would not be right.”

允嘗與尚書令費禕、中典軍胡濟等共期遊宴，嚴駕已辦，而郎中襄陽董恢詣允脩敬。恢年少官微，見允停出，逡巡求去，允不許，曰：「本所以出者，欲與同好遊談也，今君已自屈，方展闊積，捨此之談，就彼之宴，非所謂也。」

He then ordered the outer horses unharnessed, and Fei Yi and the others also called off their carriages and did not go. Such was his way of upholding what was right and humbling himself before gentlemen. In the sixth year of Yanxi he was additionally made General Who Supports the State. In the seventh year, as Palace Attendant, he became acting Director of the Secretariat and deputy to the General-in-Chief Fei Yi. He died in the ninth year.

乃命解驂，禕等罷駕不行。其守正下士，凡此類也。¹延熙六年，加輔國將軍。七年，以侍中守尚書令，為大將軍費禕副貳。九年，卒。²

Chen Zhi

陳祗

Chen Zhi replaced Dong Yun as Palace Attendant, and he and Huang Hao worked hand in glove, so that Huang Hao for the first time took part in the affairs of government. After Chen Zhi died, Huang Hao rose from Prefect of the Yellow Gate to Regular Palace Attendant and Chief Commandant of Imperial Chariots; he manipulated power and in the end brought the state to ruin. There was no one in Shu who did not remember Dong Yun with longing. When Deng Ai reached Shu and heard of Huang Hao's treachery, he arrested and imprisoned him and meant to kill him, but Huang Hao generously bribed Deng Ai's attendants and escaped death.

陳祗代允為侍中，與黃皓互相表裡，皓始預政事。祗死後，皓從黃門令為中常侍、奉車都尉，操弄威柄，終至覆國。蜀人無不追思允。及鄧艾至蜀，聞皓奸險，收閉，將殺之，而皓厚賂艾左右，得免。

Chen Zhi, courtesy name Fengzong, was a man of Runan, a grandson through a daughter of Xu Jing's elder brother. He lost his father young and grew up in Xu Jing's household. He was known by the time he came of age, and rose gradually to Gentleman of the Personnel Bureau; he was stern and strict with himself and had a dignified bearing. He had many skills and was versed in the arts of numbers and divination, and Fei Yi thought him exceptional; so he was advanced out of turn to succeed Dong Yun in attendance within the palace. When Lü Yi died, Chen Zhi, as Palace Attendant, also became acting Director of the Secretariat and was additionally made General Who Guards the Army. Although the General-in-Chief Jiang Wei ranked above Chen Zhi, he was usually away leading troops and seldom took part in court affairs himself.

祗字奉宗，汝南人，許靖兄之外孫也。少孤，長於靖家。弱冠知名，稍遷至選曹郎，矜厲有威容。多技藝，挾數術，費禕甚異之，故超繼允內侍。呂乂卒，祗又以侍中守尚書令，加鎮軍將軍，大將軍姜維雖班在祗上，常率眾在外，希親朝政。

Chen Zhi carried out his sovereign's wishes above and associated with the eunuchs below; he enjoyed deep trust and favor, and his power outweighed Jiang Wei's. When he died in the first year of Jingyao, the Latter Ruler grieved bitterly, weeping whenever he spoke of him. He issued an edict saying: “Chen Zhi held his office for twelve years; his gentle goodness was a model, his management was solemn and orderly, he harmonized with righteousness and benefited all things, and his many achievements were truly illustrious. His life did not last long, and We mourn him for it. When one has had a good name in life, one is given a fine posthumous title in death: let his posthumous title be Loyal Marquis.” His son Chen Can was granted the rank of Marquis Within the Pass, and his second son Chen Yu was promoted to Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in Attendance.

祗上承主指，下接閹豎，深見信愛，權重於維。景耀元年卒，後主痛惜，發言流涕，乃下詔曰：「祗統職一紀，柔嘉惟則，幹肅有章，和義利物，庶績允明。命不融遠，朕用悼焉。夫存有令問，則亡加美諡，諡曰忠侯。」賜子粲爵關內侯，拔次子裕為黃門侍郎。

From the time Chen Zhi gained favor, the Latter Ruler's resentment of the late Dong Yun grew deeper day by day, and he came to think that Dong Yun had slighted him. This was because Chen Zhi flattered the one man, the sovereign, while Huang Hao sowed discord and let his slanders seep in little by little.

自祗之有寵，後主追怨允日深，謂為自輕，由祗媚茲一人，皓構間浸潤故耳。

Dong Yun's grandson Dong Hong was Prefect of Baxi under the Jin.

允孫宏，晉巴西太守。¹

Lü Yi

呂乂

Lü Yi, courtesy name Jiyang, was a man of Nanyang. His father Lü Chang escorted his former commander Liu Yan into Shu, but the road to the court was cut off and he was never able to return. Lü Yi lost his father young; he loved reading and playing the zither. Earlier, when the First Ruler conquered Yi Province, he established a Colonel of the Salt Office to manage the profits from salt and iron; later the Colonel Wang Lian requested Lü Yi, Du Qi of Nanyang, Liu Gan of Nanxiang and others, and made them all Commandants of the Bureau. Lü Yi was transferred to be Magistrate of Xindu and of Mianzhu; he put his heart into caring for the people, who praised him, and he was ranked first among all the cities of the province.

呂乂字季陽，南陽人也。父常，送故將劉焉入蜀，值王路隔塞，遂不得還。乂少孤，好讀書鼓琴。初，先主定益州，置鹽府校尉，較鹽鐵之利，後校尉王連請乂及南陽杜祺、南鄉劉幹等並為典曹都尉。乂遷新都、綿竹令，乃心隱卹，百姓稱之，為一州諸城之首。

He was transferred to be Prefect of Baxi. The Chancellor Zhuge Liang sent out his armies year after year and levied troops from the commanderies, and many of them could not make up for one another's shortfalls. Lü Yi recruited five thousand soldiers and sent them to Zhuge Liang, comforting, instructing and disciplining them so that none deserted. He was transferred to be Prefect of Hanzhong, concurrently Superintendent of Agriculture, supplying the army with a steady flow of grain. After Zhuge Liang died, Lü Yi was promoted in turn to Prefect of Guanghan and Prefect of Shu Commandery. Shu Commandery was the site of the capital and had a large population; moreover, after Zhuge Liang's death, soldiers deserted and assumed one another's identities over and over, and there was no end of fraud and trickery.

遷巴西太守。丞相諸葛亮連年出軍，調發諸郡，多不相救，乂募取兵五千人詣亮，慰喻檢制，無逃竄者。徙為漢中太守，兼領督農，供繼軍糧。亮卒，累遷廣漢、蜀郡太守。蜀郡一都之會，戶口眾多，又亮卒之後，士伍亡命，更相重冒，姦巧非一。

On taking office, Lü Yi instituted preventive measures and prohibitions, and instructed, encouraged and guided the people, so that within a few years more than ten thousand who had slipped off the registers came forward of their own accord. Later he entered the court as Master of Writing and succeeded Dong Yun as Director of the Secretariat; no business was left pending, and no guests were kept waiting at his gate. Having held offices both at court and in the provinces, Lü Yi was frugal in his personal conduct, modest, quiet and of few words, and his government was simple and not burdensome, so that he was called pure and capable. But he applied the law harshly and severely and liked to employ petty clerks versed in legal documents, so that in high office his reputation fell short of what it had been in the commanderies and counties.

乂到官，為之防禁，開喻勸導，數年之中，漏脫自出者萬餘口。後入為尚書，代董允為尚書令，眾事無留，門無停賓。乂歷職內外，治身儉約，謙靖少言，為政簡而不煩，號為清能；然持法刻深，好用文俗吏，故居大官，名聲損於郡縣。

He died in the fourteenth year of Yanxi. His son Lü Chen became Magistrate of Chengdu in the Jingyao era. Lü Chen's younger brother Lü Ya was an Internuncio. Lü Ya was upright and stern and had literary talent; he wrote the Gelun in fifteen chapters.

延熙十四年卒。子辰，景耀中為成都令。辰弟雅，謁者。雅清厲有文才，著格論十五篇。

Du Qi held the posts of commandery prefect, Army Supervisor, and Major to the General-in-Chief, and Liu Gan rose to be Prefect of Baxi. Both were close friends of Lü Yi and were also well regarded in their day, but in frugality, simplicity and observance of the law they did not match Lü Yi.

杜祺歷郡守監軍大將軍司馬，劉幹官至巴西太守，皆與乂親善，亦有當時之稱，而儉素守法，不及於乂。

Appraisal

評

Appraisal: Dong He walked in the simplicity of the ode “Lambskins”; Liu Ba kept to a pure and lofty integrity; Ma Liang was steadfast and sincere and was called a fine gentleman; Chen Zhen was loyal and scrupulous, and grew only more devoted with age; Dong Yun corrected his lord, his righteousness showing in his face. All of them were among the good ministers of Shu. Lü Yi won renown when he governed commanderies but lost reputation at court; he too was of the same class as Huang Ba and Xue Xuan, if a step below them.

評曰：董和蹈羔羊之素，劉巴履清尚之節，馬良貞實，稱為令士，陳震忠恪，老而益篤，董允匡主，義形於色，皆蜀臣之良矣。呂乂臨郡則垂稱，處朝則被損，亦黃、薛之流亞矣。