Huang Hao 黃皓

RecordsRomance Shu 黄皓황호

Profile
OccupationRNOther · Regular Palace AttendantFactionShu
AppearsRNBiography in
BornN? UnverifiedNative place
DiedN264 UnverifiedPlace of death
Cause of deathNExecuted Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR14

Profile

Huang Hao was a eunuch of Shu. The Records has no separate biography of him. As the Later Sovereign grew up he came to favor him, but as long as Dong Yun lived, Huang Hao never rose above Assistant of the Yellow Gate. He began to take part in government by working hand in glove with Chen Zhi, and after Chen Zhi died in the 1st year of Jingyao (258) he became Regular Palace Attendant and Chief Commandant of Imperial Carriages and wielded power as he pleased. Records, Shu 9 §29 · 33 · 35Records, Shu 3 §38

He sided with the General-in-Chief of the Right Yan Yu and sought to oust Jiang Wei, and in the 6th year of Jingyao (263), trusting the words of shamans and spirits, he had Jiang Wei's memorial urging preparations against a Wei invasion shelved. After the fall of Shu, Deng Ai imprisoned him and meant to kill him, but he escaped death by bribing Deng Ai's attendants. Records, Shu 14 §43–44Records, Shu 9 §33

As he has no biography, there is no assessment of him by Chen Shou. Chen Shou did, however, write in his assessment of the Later Sovereign that when the Later Sovereign was led astray by eunuchs he became a foolish and benighted ruler. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 112 in Qiao Zhou's lament, and appears in 8 of its 120 chapters. His name is not in any chapter title, but his story ends in Chapter 119 with his execution by slow slicing on Sima Zhao's orders. Records, Shu 3 §53Romance, Ch. 112 §24Romance, Ch. 119 §26

In the Records

According to the Biography of Dong Yun, as the Later Sovereign gradually grew up, he came to favor the eunuch Huang Hao. Huang Hao was a skilled flatterer and clever, and sought to worm his way in. Dong Yun always corrected his sovereign above with a stern countenance and repeatedly rebuked Huang Hao below, so Huang Hao feared Dong Yun and dared not do wrong. As long as Dong Yun lived, Huang Hao's rank never rose above Assistant of the Yellow Gate. Dong Yun died in the 9th year of Yanxi (246). Records, Shu 9 §29 · 31

When Chen Zhi replaced Dong Yun as Palace Attendant, he and Huang Hao worked hand in glove, and only then did Huang Hao begin to take part in government. Chen Shou wrote that the Later Sovereign's resentment of Dong Yun grew deeper by the day after Chen Zhi won favor because Chen Zhi flattered him and Huang Hao contrived to sow discord, seeping in little by little. After Chen Zhi died in the 1st year of Jingyao (258), Huang Hao rose from Prefect of the Yellow Gate to Regular Palace Attendant and Chief Commandant of Imperial Carriages and wielded power as he pleased. The Biography of the Later Sovereign also records that in the 1st year of Jingyao the eunuch Huang Hao first began to take sole control of the government. Records, Shu 9 §33 · 35–36Records, Shu 3 §38

Liu Yong, Prince of Ganling and the Later Sovereign's younger half-brother, had hated Huang Hao from the start. Once Huang Hao gained trust and held power, he slandered and framed Liu Yong to the Later Sovereign, and the Later Sovereign gradually kept Liu Yong at a distance, so that for more than ten years Liu Yong was unable to attend court and have an audience. Records, Shu 4 §18–19

After Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue and Fan Jian took charge of the government, Jiang Wei was always away on campaign, and Huang Hao secretly manipulated power; they all merely shielded him and could not correct him. Only Fan Jian did not keep friendly company with Huang Hao. Xi Zheng, holding posts within the palace, lived as Huang Hao's neighbor for thirty years; Huang Hao rose from humble origins to high rank and wielded power, but Xi Zheng was neither loved nor hated by him. So Xi Zheng's office never rose above 600 shi, but he escaped worry and calamity. Records, Shu 5 §64Records, Shu 12 §82

The Biography of Qiao Zhou says that at the time when the eunuch Huang Hao was wielding power in the palace, in the 5th year of Jingyao (262), a great tree in the palace broke of its own accord for no reason, and Qiao Zhou, deeply worried but with no one to speak to, wrote words on a pillar. Records, Shu 12 §23

In the 5th year of Jingyao (262), Jiang Wei was defeated by Deng Ai at Houhe and stayed at Tazhong. At that time Huang Hao and others were manipulating power within the court, and the General-in-Chief of the Right Yan Yu sided with Huang Hao; Huang Hao secretly sought to oust Jiang Wei and set up Yan Yu in his place. Jiang Wei suspected this too, and so, feeling himself in danger and afraid, he never returned to Chengdu again. Records, Shu 14 §43

In the 6th year of Jingyao (263), Jiang Wei submitted a memorial saying that Zhong Hui was readying troops in Guanzhong and planning an advance, and proposing that Zhang Yi and Liao Hua be given troops to guard the mouth of Yang'an Pass and the bridgehead at Yinping. But Huang Hao, trusting the words of shamans and spirits, said the enemy would never come, and advised the Later Sovereign to shelve the matter, so the officials knew nothing of it. Only when Zhong Hui was heading for Luo Valley and Deng Ai was about to enter Tazhong were Liao Hua sent to Tazhong, and Zhang Yi, Dong Jue and others to the mouth of Yang'an Pass. Records, Shu 14 §43–44

After the fall of Shu, Deng Ai heard that Huang Hao was crafty and sinister and had him seized and imprisoned, meaning to kill him, but Huang Hao escaped death by lavishly bribing Deng Ai's attendants. Chen Shou wrote in the Biography of Dong Yun that Huang Hao in the end went so far as to bring down the state, and that there was no one in Shu who did not miss Dong Yun. The Records does not say what became of Huang Hao after that. Records, Shu 9 §33

In his assessment of the Later Sovereign, Chen Shou said that when the Later Sovereign entrusted affairs to a worthy chancellor he was a ruler who followed reason, but when he was led astray by eunuchs he became a foolish and benighted ruler. Huang Hao's name does not appear in this assessment. Records, Shu 3 §53

In the Romance

In Chapter 112 of the Romance he first appears when, after Jiang Wei submits a memorial proposing to attack Wei, the Palace Grand Master Qiao Zhou laments that 'the court is sunk in wine and women and places its trust in the favored eunuch Huang Hao'. In Chapter 113, the Wu envoy Xue Xu returns and reports to Sun Xiu that 'the Regular Palace Attendant Huang Hao holds power, and most of the ministers flatter and attach themselves to him'. Romance, Ch. 112 §24Romance, Ch. 113 §22

In the same Chapter 113, Deng Ai, hard pressed by Jiang Wei, decides on Sima Wang's advice to use a stratagem of sowing discord, and sends Dang Jun to Chengdu with gold, pearls and treasures. Dang Jun colludes with Huang Hao to spread the rumor that Jiang Wei resents the Son of Heaven and will defect to Wei, and when Huang Hao reports this to the Later Sovereign, the Later Sovereign recalls Jiang Wei to court. Romance, Ch. 113 §41–42

In Chapter 115, the General of the Right Yan Yu, who had won high rank by flattering Huang Hao, urges Huang Hao to propose to the Later Sovereign that Jiang Wei be recalled from Qishan and replaced by Yan Yu. Jiang Wei, told what has happened by Xi Zheng, goes in to the Later Sovereign, who is feasting in the rear garden, likens Huang Hao to the Ten Regular Attendants of Emperor Ling's time and asks that he be put to death. Huang Hao, who had hidden beside the artificial hill, is called out, and saying that 'he takes no part at all in the affairs of state', he bows to Jiang Wei, weeps and begs for his life. The Later Sovereign soothes Jiang Wei, saying he had always found it strange that Dong Yun hated Huang Hao. Romance, Ch. 115 §21 · 23–27

In Chapter 116, when Jiang Wei submits a memorial warning of the invasion by Zhong Hui and Deng Ai, Huang Hao says Jiang Wei sent it because he wants to win merit and make a name for himself, and brings a shamaness from the city into the palace. The shamaness, claiming to be the earth god of Xichuan, cries out that in a few years even the lands of Wei will come to the Later Sovereign, and the Later Sovereign, firmly believing her, does not listen to Jiang Wei. Huang Hao hides all of Jiang Wei's repeated memorials. Zhang Yi tells Jiang Wei that Huang Hao, trusting the shamaness's words, refused to send troops. Romance, Ch. 116 §12–15 · 43

In Chapter 117, when news comes that Deng Ai has crossed the Yinping byway and taken the city of Jiangyou, Huang Hao says it is a false rumor and that the divine being would never mislead His Majesty, but the shamaness, whom the Later Sovereign tries to summon again, has vanished. In the same chapter, Zhuge Zhan, who had stayed away pleading illness because Huang Hao wielded power, is summoned by an edict issued on Xi Zheng's advice. Romance, Ch. 117 §25–26 · 28

In Chapter 118, Deng Ai, having entered Chengdu, hears that Huang Hao is crafty and sinister and means to behead him, but Huang Hao escapes death by bribing Deng Ai's attendants with gold, silver and treasures. In Chapter 119, Sima Zhao, on the grounds that Huang Hao gnawed at the state and harmed the people, has him dragged out to the marketplace and executed by slow slicing. In Chapter 120, the officials of Wu, rushing in to kill Cen Hun, cry out, 'Has Your Majesty not seen Huang Hao of Shu?' Romance, Ch. 118 §15–16Romance, Ch. 119 §26Romance, Ch. 120 §52

Where the Romance differs

How he came to power: In the Records, he never rose above Assistant of the Yellow Gate while Dong Yun lived, took part in government by working hand in glove with Chen Zhi, and became Regular Palace Attendant after Chen Zhi died. In the Romance Chen Zhi does not appear; Huang Hao first appears in Chapter 112 already as a favored eunuch, and his dealings with Dong Yun are glimpsed only once, in the Later Sovereign's words in Chapter 115. Records, Shu 9 §29 · 33Romance, Ch. 112 §24Romance, Ch. 115 §26

Deng Ai's stratagem of sowing discord: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, Deng Ai sends Dang Jun to Chengdu to collude with Huang Hao, and has Huang Hao get Jiang Wei recalled. In the Records, Huang Hao's only entanglement with Deng Ai is that Deng Ai tried to kill him after the fall of Shu; Dang Jun's stratagem does not appear. Romance, Ch. 113 §41–42Records, Shu 9 §33Records, Wei 28 §48–90

Confronting Jiang Wei: In Chapter 115 of the Romance, Jiang Wei enters the rear garden and asks that Huang Hao be put to death, and Huang Hao bows to Jiang Wei and begs for his life. In the Biography of Jiang Wei in the Records, Huang Hao sided with Yan Yu and secretly sought to oust Jiang Wei, and Jiang Wei, suspecting this and afraid, never returned to Chengdu. There is no scene in which the two meet face to face. Romance, Ch. 115 §24–27Records, Shu 14 §43

The shamaness: In Chapter 116 of the Romance, Huang Hao brings a shamaness into the palace, and she cries out, claiming to be the earth god of Xichuan, that even the lands of Wei will return to the Later Sovereign. The Biography of Jiang Wei in the Records records only that Huang Hao, trusting the words of shamans and spirits, said the enemy would never come and advised the Later Sovereign to shelve Jiang Wei's memorial; no rite in the palace and no words of a god appear. Romance, Ch. 116 §12–14Records, Shu 14 §44

Xue Xu's words: In Chapter 113 of the Romance, the Wu envoy Xue Xu reports to Sun Xiu that Huang Hao holds power. Chen Shou's main text does not contain these words spoken by Xue Xu after his mission to Shu. Romance, Ch. 113 §22Records, Wu 3 §61Records, Wu 14 §33

Zhuge Zhan and Dong Jue: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Zhuge Zhan is said to have stayed away pleading illness because Huang Hao wielded power. The Records states that while Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue and Fan Jian were in charge of the government, Huang Hao manipulated power, that they all merely shielded him and could not correct him, and that only Fan Jian did not keep company with Huang Hao. Romance, Ch. 117 §28Records, Shu 5 §64

Death: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Sima Zhao has Huang Hao dragged out to the marketplace and executed by slow slicing. In the Records, the account ends with his escaping death by bribing Deng Ai's attendants, and what happened afterward and his death are not recorded. Romance, Ch. 119 §26Records, Shu 9 §33

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3131±0
  • STR3131±0
  • INT158−7
  • POL105−5
  • CHA2825−3
  • VIR85−3
  • ADP6055−5
  • SCH3131±0
  • DIP4550+5
  • DIS1510−5
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.

10 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated as there is no record of this eunuch commanding troopsShu 9 §33

    NNo direct record — estimated as there is no record of this eunuch commanding troopsCh. 116 §12

  • StrengthR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated as there is no record of this eunuch fightingShu 9 §33

    NNo direct record — estimated as there is no record of this eunuch fightingCh. 116 §12

  • IntelligenceR15N8 −7

    RTrusting shamans and spirits, said the enemy would not come and shelved Jiang Wei's warningShu 14 §44

    NSummoned a shamaness to say the Wei army would not come, and called it a false rumor even in the crisisCh. 116 §12Ch. 117 §26

  • PoliticsR10N5 −5

    RWielded power as he pleased and in the end brought down the stateShu 9 §33Shu 3 §38

    NHeld power so that honest words were silenced and the people starved, gnawing at the stateCh. 113 §22Ch. 119 §26

  • CharismaR28N25 −3

    RWon the Later Sovereign's favor by flattery, but Dong Yun and Liu Yong hated and rebuked himShu 9 §29Shu 4 §19

    NThe ministers flattered and attached themselves to him, but only for his power, and the court heard no honest wordsCh. 113 §22

  • VirtueR8N5 −3

    RSlandered Liu Yong, sowed discord against Dong Yun, and escaped death by briberyShu 4 §19Shu 9 §36Shu 9 §33

    NHid Jiang Wei's urgent memorials and took bribes to spread rumorsCh. 116 §15Ch. 113 §42Ch. 118 §15

  • AdaptabilityR60N55 −5

    RKept a low profile while Dong Yun lived, and escaped by bribery when Deng Ai sought to kill himShu 9 §29Shu 9 §33

    NWept and begged Jiang Wei for his life and evaded Deng Ai by bribery, but was executed in the endCh. 115 §27Ch. 118 §16

  • ScholarshipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated as there is no record of learning for this eunuchShu 9 §29

    NNo direct record — estimated as there is no record of learning for this eunuchCh. 116 §12

  • DiplomacyR45N50 +5

    RFlattering and clever, he advised the Later Sovereign to shelve news of the enemy invasionShu 9 §29Shu 14 §44

    NRepeatedly swayed the Later Sovereign with words, and escaped trouble by weeping before Jiang WeiCh. 115 §27Ch. 116 §12

  • DiscernmentR15N10 −5

    RSided with Yan Yu and sought to oust Jiang Wei and set up Yan YuShu 14 §43

    NTaking up the words of Yan Yu, a man without merit who fawned on him, petitioned the Later Sovereign to have Yan Yu replace Jiang WeiCh. 115 §21

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (8)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Shu · Romance · Romance ch. 113 「望曰:“近日蜀主刘禅,宠幸中贵黄皓,日夜以酒色为乐」 · Q124657668