RHad long hated the eunuch Huang HaoShu 4 §19
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 85 §23
Liu Yong 劉永
| Occupation | ROther · Prince of Ganling NOther · Prince of Lu | Faction | Shu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | Book of Shu |
| Born | Native place | Zhuo Commandery Zhuo County Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R5 |
Profile
Liu Yong, courtesy name Gongshou, was a son of the First Sovereign Liu Bei and a younger half-brother, born of a concubine, of the Later Sovereign Liu Shan. In the 6th month of the 1st year of Zhangwu (221) he was set up as Prince of Lu, and in the 8th year of Jianxing (230) his fief was changed and he became Prince of Ganling. Records, Shu 4 §18–19
He had long hated the eunuch Huang Hao, and when Huang Hao won trust and seized power, he slandered Liu Yong to the Later Sovereign, so that for more than ten years Liu Yong could not come to court for audience. In the 1st year of Xianxi (264) he moved east to Luoyang, was appointed Chief Commandant of Imperial Carriages and enfeoffed as a district marquis. The Records do not give the year of his death. Records, Shu 4 §19
In his assessment at the end of the Biographies of the Consorts and Sons of the Two Rulers (Records of Shu 4), where Liu Yong appears, Chen Shou writes only that he recorded the human bonds of husband and wife and of father and son in order to examine the structure of a state, and he does not assess Liu Yong separately. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 77 as the eldest son of Liu Bei, King of Hanzhong, and his queen Lady Wu; he appears in 3 of the 120 chapters, and no chapter has his name in its title. In Chapter 85, together with his younger brother Liu Li, he hears Liu Bei's charge and bows to Zhuge Liang. Records, Shu 4 §27Romance, Ch. 77 §36Romance, Ch. 85 §23
In the Records
Liu Yong, courtesy name Gongshou, was a son of the First Sovereign and a younger half-brother, born of a concubine, of the Later Sovereign. According to the Biography of the First Sovereign, in the summer, 4th month, of the 1st year of Zhangwu (221) the First Sovereign changed the era name and made Zhuge Liang Chancellor and Xu Jing Minister over the Masses; in the 5th month he set up Lady Wu as Empress and his son Liu Shan as Crown Prince; and in the 6th month he made his son Liu Yong Prince of Lu and Liu Li Prince of Liang. Records, Shu 4 §18Records, Shu 2 §68
The First Sovereign had the Minister over the Masses Xu Jing set up Liu Yong as Prince of Lu and issued an edict of investiture. The edict begins, 'My little son Yong, receive this green earth,' and says that a state is founded for him and enfeoffed in the eastern lands, that he is to hold Mount Gui and Mount Meng together and to serve for generations as a bulwark and support. It goes on to say that the state of Lu, which as it is said 'with one change would attain the Way', still keeps its customs and moral influence, and that its people love virtue and have carried on its excellence for generations, and it instructs him to hold his heart firm, follow the rites and give peace to his officers and people. Records, Shu 4 §18–19
In the 8th year of Jianxing (230) his fief was changed and he became Prince of Ganling. The Biography of the Later Sovereign records that in this year Liu Yong, Prince of Lu, was moved to be Prince of Ganling and Liu Li, Prince of Liang, to be Prince of Anping, because Lu and Liang both lay within the territory allotted to Wu. Records, Shu 4 §19Records, Shu 3 §11
At first Liu Yong hated the eunuch Huang Hao. When Huang Hao won trust and took charge of affairs, he slandered and framed Liu Yong to the Later Sovereign, and the Later Sovereign gradually distanced himself from Liu Yong. It came to the point that Liu Yong could not come to court for audience for more than ten years. Records, Shu 4 §19
In the 1st year of Xianxi (264) Liu Yong moved east to Luoyang, was appointed Chief Commandant of Imperial Carriages and enfeoffed as a district marquis. Chen Shou's main text does not record what happened to him after that or the year of his death. Records, Shu 4 §19
In his assessment at the end of the Biographies of the Consorts and Sons of the Two Rulers (Records of Shu 4), Chen Shou writes only that since the Book of Changes says that there are husband and wife and only then father and son, nothing stands above this as the beginning of human bonds and the height of affection and order, and that he recorded it in order to examine the structure of a state. He does not assess Liu Yong separately. Records, Shu 4 §27
In the Romance
In Chapter 77 of the Romance, when Liu Bei, King of Hanzhong, returns from Dongchuan to Chengdu, Fa Zheng urges him to take a queen to help with the affairs of the inner palace and recommends the younger sister of Wu Yi. She had once been betrothed to Liu Mao, son of Liu Yan, but Liu Mao died young and she had been living alone. The King of Hanzhong hesitates because Liu Mao was of the same clan, but when Fa Zheng cites the case of Duke Wen of Jin and Huai Ying, he takes Lady Wu as his queen. The Romance writes that Lady Wu later bore two sons, the elder being Liu Yong, courtesy name Gongshou, and the younger Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao. Romance, Ch. 77 §35–36
In Chapter 80 the King of Hanzhong ascends the imperial throne and changes the era name to the 1st year of Zhangwu. On that occasion he sets up Lady Wu as Empress and his eldest son Liu Shan as Crown Prince, enfeoffs his second son Liu Yong as Prince of Lu and his third son Liu Li as Prince of Liang, and makes Zhuge Liang Chancellor and Xu Jing Minister over the Masses. Romance, Ch. 80 §42
In Chapter 85 the First Sovereign, lying in the Palace of Yong'an, grows gravely ill, says he will not stay long in this world, and sends envoys to Chengdu to summon the Chancellor Zhuge Liang, the Prefect of the Masters of Writing Li Yan and others to receive his last commands. Kongming and the others come to the Palace of Yong'an with the First Sovereign's second son Liu Yong, Prince of Lu, and Liu Li, Prince of Liang, while the Crown Prince Liu Shan stays behind to guard Chengdu. Romance, Ch. 85 §15 · 17
After entrusting the succession to Kongming, the First Sovereign seats him on the couch, calls Liu Yong, Prince of Lu, and Liu Li, Prince of Liang, to his side and charges them that after his death the three brothers must all serve the Chancellor as their father and never be remiss. He then has the two princes bow together to Kongming, and Kongming replies that even if his liver and brains were spilled on the ground he could never fully repay the kindness of being so understood. The First Sovereign dies on the 24th day of the 4th month, in the summer of the 3rd year of Zhangwu, at the age of sixty-three. Romance, Ch. 85 §22–23 · 25
Where the Romance differs
Mother: Chapter 77 of the Romance says that Liu Yong and Liu Li were the two sons borne by Lady Wu, whom Liu Bei took as his queen. The biography of Liu Yong in the Records says only that he was a younger half-brother of the Later Sovereign born of a concubine and does not name his mother, and the biography of Liu Li records that Liu Li had a different mother from Liu Yong. The Biography of Empress Mu (Lady Wu) does not say that she bore any sons either. Romance, Ch. 77 §36Records, Shu 4 §18 · 21 · 9–11
Investiture as Prince of Lu: In Chapter 80 of the Romance, Liu Bei enfeoffs Liu Yong as Prince of Lu at the very ceremony of his accession, together with the Empress and the Crown Prince. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, the era name was changed in the 4th month of the 1st year of Zhangwu (221), the Empress and Crown Prince were set up in the 5th month, and Liu Yong was made Prince of Lu in the 6th month. The biography of Liu Yong records that Xu Jing, Minister over the Masses, was sent to set him up and that an edict of investiture was issued. Romance, Ch. 80 §42Records, Shu 2 §68Records, Shu 4 §18
Afterwards: The Romance no longer depicts Liu Yong after he hears Liu Bei's charge in Chapter 85. In the Records his fief was changed to Prince of Ganling in the 8th year of Jianxing (230), he could not come to court for more than ten years because of the slanders of the eunuch Huang Hao, and in the 1st year of Xianxi (264) he moved to Luoyang, became Chief Commandant of Imperial Carriages and was enfeoffed as a district marquis. Romance, Ch. 85 §23Records, Shu 4 §19
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total401 / 1000Rank 604 of 996 · Top 61%Romance total376 / 1000Rank 695 of 1,113 · Top 63%
Romance adaptation index−25Romance total − Records total
- LEA3131±0
- STR3131±0
- INT4038−2
- POL4240−2
- CHA3840+2
- VIR5850−8
- ADP3838±0
- SCH4240−2
- DIP3333±0
- DIS4835−13
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
9 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his being an imperial kinsman enfeoffed as a princeShu 4 §18
NNo direct record — estimated from his being an imperial kinsman enfeoffed as Prince of LuCh. 80 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his being an imperial kinsman enfeoffed as a princeShu 4 §18
NNo direct record — estimated from his being an imperial kinsman enfeoffed as Prince of LuCh. 80 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsShu 4 §18
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 85 §23
RNo direct record — estimated from his enfeoffment as Prince of Lu and Prince of GanlingShu 4 §18
NNo direct record — estimated from his enfeoffment as Prince of LuCh. 80 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his estrangement from the Later SovereignShu 4 §19
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 85 §17
RHated the eunuch Huang Hao, who held powerShu 4 §19
NNo direct record — estimated from his bowing to Kongming as the last command badeCh. 85 §23
RHated Huang Hao, was slandered, and could not attend court for more than ten yearsShu 4 §19
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 85 §23
RNo direct record — estimated from his being an imperial kinsman enfeoffed as a princeShu 4 §18
NNo direct record — estimated from his being an imperial kinsmanCh. 77 §36
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsShu 4 §18
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 85 §23
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (3)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Shu · Records · Records vol. 34 「使司徒靖立永為魯王」
Family
| Parents | Liu Bei Romance |
|---|---|
| Siblings | Liu Shan Romance, Liu Li Romance |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.