Nanman 南蠻

In Chen Shou's main text, the affairs of the south begin with the Nanzhong rebellion. When Liu Zhang died, Yong Kai, a leader of the powerful clans of Nanzhong, rebelled from his base in Yizhou Commandery and attached himself to Wu, and Sun Quan made Liu Zhang's surviving son Liu Chan Inspector of Yi Province and stationed him on the border between Jiao and Yi Provinces. In summer of the 1st year of Jianxing (223), Zhu Bao, Administrator of Zangke, rebelled with his commandery. Before this, Yong Kai had sent the Administrator Zhang Yi (張裔) off to Wu, seized the commandery and refused to submit, and Gao Ding, the Yi king of Yuexi, had also rebelled. Records, Shu 1 §19Records, Shu 3 §4

All the commanderies of Nanzhong rebelled, but because Zhuge Liang had just suffered a great bereavement, he did not send troops at once and first sent envoys to Wu to make peace. When the Protector-General Li Yan wrote him six sheets explaining where his interests lay, Yong Kai answered with a single sheet, saying that there are not two suns in the sky nor two kings on earth, yet now the realm stood like the legs of a tripod and there were three calendars; and when he surrendered to Wu, Wu appointed him from afar Administrator of Yongchang. Lü Kai, Officer of Merit of Yongchang, together with the Commandery Assistant Wang Kang, led the officials and people in closing the borders to keep Yong Kai out. Records, Shu 5 §23Records, Shu 13 §20–21

In spring of the 3rd year of Jianxing (225) Zhuge Liang led his host south on campaign. Zhuge Liang went first by way of Yuexi, while Li Hui followed the road toward Jianning and was surrounded at Kunming by the forces of the various counties. Li Hui deceived the southerners, telling them that the government army had run out of food and meant to withdraw, but that he would not go north again and would make plans together with them; when the siege slackened he crushed them, reaching the Pan River in the south and Zangke in the east, and joined forces with Zhuge Liang. By the time Zhuge Liang had set out, Yong Kai had already been killed by Gao Ding's retainers. Records, Shu 5 §24Records, Shu 13 §15–16 · 27

The Biography of the Later Sovereign records that when Zhuge Liang campaigned against the four southern commanderies that year and pacified them all, Yizhou Commandery was renamed Jianning Commandery, Yunnan Commandery was created out of Jianning and Yongchang, and Xinggu Commandery out of Jianning and Zangke, and that in the twelfth month Zhuge Liang returned to Chengdu. The Biography of Zhuge Liang says that all was pacified that autumn and that the military supplies it yielded made the state rich, and in his Memorial on Dispatching the Troops Zhuge Liang said that in the fifth month he had crossed the Lu River and gone deep into barren land where not a blade of grass grows. Records, Shu 3 §6Records, Shu 5 §24 · 29

Zhuge Liang memorialized to make Lü Kai Administrator of Yunnan, but Lü Kai was killed by rebel Yi, and Wang Kang became Administrator of Yongchang. Ma Zhong, who became Administrator of Zangke, cared for the commandery after the rebellion and won both awe and gratitude. Li Hui had the greatest merit in pacifying the southern lands, but when the army withdrew the southern Yi rebelled again and killed the garrison commanders. Li Hui went in person to suppress them, moved their leaders to Chengdu, and levied plough oxen, warhorses, gold and silver, and rhinoceros hides from the Sou and Pu peoples to supplement the army's supplies. Records, Shu 13 §27 · 30 · 17

In the 11th year of Jianxing (233), Liu Zhou, a leader of the southern Yi, rebelled and threw several commanderies into disorder. Zhang Yi (張翼), Area Commander of Laixiang, kept strictly to the law and did not win the goodwill of the Yi; he was recalled, but did not leave the battlefield until his replacement arrived, and he stockpiled grain. Ma Zhong, who succeeded him, built on that foundation to behead Liu Zhou and pacify the southern lands. Ma Zhong moved his seat to Mei County to live among both the people and the Yi, and Chen Shou wrote that the Man and Yi both feared and loved him and set up a temple to him when he died. Records, Shu 13 §31–33Records, Shu 15 §12–13

In Yuexi Commandery, after Zhuge Liang suppressed Gao Ding, the Sou Yi rebelled several times and killed the Administrators Gong Lu and Jiao Huang, and thereafter the administrators stayed only at Anding County, more than eight hundred li from the commandery. Zhang Ni, who became Administrator of Yuexi, won the Man and Yi over with kindness and good faith so that many came to surrender, and captured or beheaded the leaders who would not comply. Zhang Ni recovered the salt, iron and lacquer of the three counties of Dingzuo, Taideng and Beishui, long held by the Yi, and after more than a hundred years reopened the old road to Chengdu by way of Maoniu. Records, Shu 13 §49–56

In winter of the 6th year of Jingyao (263), when Deng Ai drove deep into Shu, some proposed withdrawing into the south. Qiao Zhou submitted a memorial saying that the south was a land of distant Yi who had rebelled repeatedly even in ordinary times, and had submitted only because they were pressed by military force after Zhuge Liang's southern campaign; since then they had been made to pay taxes to the government to supply the army and were resentful, so if the court went there to rely on them, they would surely rebel again. Records, Shu 12 §67 · 70–71

In his assessment in Records of Shu 13, Chen Shou said that Li Hui was fair and clear-sighted, with purpose and achievement; Lü Kai held to his integrity without bending; Ma Zhong was gentle yet capable of firmness; and Zhang Ni was clear and decisive in judgment; and he wrote that each of them made his name through his own strengths because he met the right time. Records, Shu 13 §65