RRecommended by Lu Kai among a group of pure and loyal ministersWu 16 §28
NKnowing the state was doomed, he did not flee but died loyally in battle, and later generations praised him in verseCh. 120 §46Ch. 120 §47Ch. 120 §48
Zhang Ti 張悌
| Occupation | RNOfficial · Chancellor | Faction | Wu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | R? Unverified | Native place | Nan Commandery Xiangyang County |
| Died | R280 Unverified | Place of death | |
| Cause of death | RKilled in battle NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R8 |
Profile
Zhang Ti was a minister of Wu in the time of Sun Hao. His name is among the men whom Lu Kai, on the verge of death in the 1st year of Jianheng (269), named as pillars of the altars of state and fine supporters of the nation. Records, Wu 16 §28
In the 8th month of the 3rd year of Tianji (279) he rose from Military Adviser to Chancellor. In the spring of the following year, the 4th year of Tianji (280), when the Jin army invaded along several routes, the Jin general Wang Hun beheaded the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Administrator of Danyang Shen Ying and others. Records, Wu 3 §72 · 75 · 81
The Records have no separate biography of him; his name appears in the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in Records of Wu 3 and the Biographies of Pan Jun and Lu Kai in Records of Wu 16, and it is absent from Chen Shou's assessments. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 120, and his name is not in the chapter title. The Romance depicts him making himself Military Adviser and advancing to Niuzhu, then, though he knows Wu is about to fall, refusing to flee, fighting on and dying amid the confused troops. Records, Wu 3 §75 · 81 · 88–89Records, Wu 16 §28 · 57Romance, Ch. 120 §35 · 46–47
In the Records
When Lu Kai fell ill in the 1st year of Jianheng (269), Sun Hao sent the Prefect of the Palace Secretariat Dong Chao to ask what he wished to say. Lu Kai said that He Ding must not be employed in affairs of state, and then named Yao Xin, Lou Xuan, He Shao, Zhang Ti, Guo Chuo, Xue Ying, Teng Xiu and his clan brothers Lu Xi and Lu Kang, saying that some were pure, upright, loyal and diligent and others outstanding in quality and talent, and that all were pillars of the altars of state and fine supporters of the nation. Lu Kai asked Sun Hao to consult them on the affairs of the day, and then died. Records, Wu 16 §28–29
In the summer of the 3rd year of Tianji (279) Guo Ma rebelled in Guang Province. In the 8th month of that year the Military Adviser Zhang Ti became Chancellor, and the Area Commander of Niuzhu He Zhi became Minister over the Masses. Records, Wu 3 §72 · 74–75
That winter Jin sent Sima Zhou toward Tuzhong, Wang Hun and the Inspector of Yang Province Zhou Jun toward Niuzhu, Wang Rong toward Wuchang, Hu Fen toward Xiakou and Du Yu toward Jiangling, and had Wang Jun and Tang Bin sail east down the river. In the spring of the 4th year of Tianji (280), wherever Wang Jun and Tang Bin went, resistance crumbled like falling earth and no one stood in their way, and Du Yu beheaded the Commander of Jiangling Wu Yan. Wang Hun in turn beheaded the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Administrator of Danyang Shen Ying and others, winning every battle wherever he went. Records, Wu 3 §78 · 81
In the Romance
In Chapter 120 of the Romance, at news that the great Jin armies are coming down by land and water, Sun Hao, the lord of Wu, in great alarm summons the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Minister over the Masses He Zhi and the Minister of Works Teng Xun to deliberate. Zhang Ti proposes making the General of Chariots and Cavalry Wu Yan commander-in-chief to meet Du Yu at Jiangling and having the General of Agile Cavalry Sun Xin hold Xiakou, while he himself, as Military Adviser, leads the General of the Left Shen Ying and the General of the Right Zhuge Jing with 100,000 troops to Niuzhu to support the forces on every route. Sun Hao follows his advice. Romance, Ch. 120 §35–36
Zhang Ti has Shen Ying and Zhuge Jing meet the Jin army. Shen Ying says that since the armies upstream have taken no precautions, the Jin army is sure to come this far, and that if they cross the river to fight and are defeated, the great cause will be lost. When a report comes in that the Jin army is sweeping downstream and cannot be withstood, the two, alarmed, come to Zhang Ti. Romance, Ch. 120 §45–46
When Zhuge Jing says that Eastern Wu is in peril and they should flee, Zhang Ti answers in tears that wise and foolish alike know Wu is about to fall, but would it not be a disgrace if sovereign and ministers all surrendered and not a single man died for the nation's calamity? Zhuge Jing leaves weeping, and Zhang Ti and Shen Ying lead their troops against the enemy but are surrounded by the Jin army. Zhang Ti fights on alone with all his strength and dies amid the confused troops, and Shen Ying is killed by Zhou Zhi. The Romance quotes a poem by a later writer praising him for dying in loyalty. Romance, Ch. 120 §46–48
Where the Romance differs
How he became Military Adviser: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, the Chancellor Zhang Ti, in resisting the Jin army, asks to serve as Military Adviser himself. In the Records, he was already Military Adviser and became Chancellor in the 8th month of the 3rd year of Tianji (279). Romance, Ch. 120 §35Records, Wu 3 §75
Lu Kai's recommendation: In the biography of Lu Kai in the Records, Lu Kai, on the verge of death, includes Zhang Ti among the men he names as pillars of the altars of state. In the Romance Zhang Ti appears only in Chapter 120, and this episode does not appear. Records, Wu 16 §28Romance, Ch. 120 §35–48
His death: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Zhang Ti, surrounded by the Jin army, dies amid the confused troops, and Shen Ying is killed by Zhou Zhi. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, the Jin general Wang Hun beheaded the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Administrator of Danyang Shen Ying and others. Romance, Ch. 120 §47Records, Wu 3 §81
Shen Ying's office: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Shen Ying, whom Zhang Ti leads, is General of the Left. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, the Shen Ying beheaded together with Zhang Ti was Administrator of Danyang. Romance, Ch. 120 §35Records, Wu 3 §81
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total432 / 1000Rank 448 of 996 · Top 45%Romance total484 / 1000Rank 139 of 1,113 · Top 13%
Romance adaptation index+52Romance total − Records total
- LEA4045+5
- STR3548+13
- INT4548+3
- POL5245−7
- CHA4245+3
- VIR6088+28
- ADP4045+5
- SCH4040±0
- DIP3840+2
- DIS4040±0
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWu 3 §81
NFought on alone with all his strength and died amid the confused troopsCh. 120 §47
8 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his meeting the Jin army as Chancellor and dying in battleWu 3 §81
NAs Military Adviser he led 100,000 men to support Niuzhu, but was surrounded and defeatedCh. 120 §35Ch. 120 §47
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as Military Adviser and ChancellorWu 3 §75
NProposed a three-front defense: Wu Yan, Sun Xin and himselfCh. 120 §35
RRose from Military Adviser to Chancellor, and Lu Kai named him a pillar of the altars of stateWu 3 §75Wu 16 §28
NNo direct record — estimated from his office as ChancellorCh. 120 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a respected ministerWu 16 §28
NNo direct record — estimated from his office as ChancellorCh. 120 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWu 3 §81
NRejected the urging to flee and chose to die for his stateCh. 120 §46
RNo direct record — estimated from his officesWu 16 §28
NNo direct record — estimated from his being ChancellorCh. 120 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his officesWu 3 §75
NNo direct record — estimated from his being ChancellorCh. 120 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his officesWu 16 §28
NNo direct record — estimated from his being ChancellorCh. 120 §35
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (1)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Wu · Records · Records vol. 48 「孫休時爲屯騎校尉」
Related events (1)
- Conquest of Wu by Jin 279~280 · Command
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).