RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NUsed an ambush at Mount Ba and decided to advance on Jianye, likening the momentum to splitting bambooCh. 120 §33Ch. 120 §38Ch. 120 §43
| Occupation | RGeneral · General Who Guards the South NGeneral · Grand General Who Guards the South | Faction | Jin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Jingzhao Commandery Duling County Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R6 |
Du Yu was the grandson of Du Ji, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing of Wei, and the son of Du Shu, Inspector of You Province. After Du Shu died in exile, in the 2nd year of Ganlu (257) Yue Xiang of Hedong submitted a letter pleading Du Ji's legacy of achievements, and Du Yu was enfeoffed by edict as Marquis of Fengle Village with a fief of a hundred households. Records, Wei 16 §34 · 72 · 75 · 77
When Zhong Hui accepted Jiang Wei's surrender in Shu, Du Yu was his Chief Clerk, and when Jin attacked Wu he marched toward Jiangling as General Who Guards the South and beheaded Wu Yan, Wu's Area Commander of Jiangling. Records, Shu 14 §47–48Records, Wu 3 §78 · 81
Chen Shou's main text has no separate biography of him, and his courtesy name, origin and death are not recorded. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 120, that is, in 1 of its 120 chapters, and the title of that chapter begins 'Recommending Du Yu, an Old General Offers New Plans'. The Romance shows Yang Hu recommending him before his death, and Du Yu, as Grand General Who Guards the South, becoming Grand Commander of the campaign against Wu and taking Jiangling. Records, Wei 16 §77Records, Shu 14 §48Records, Wu 3 §78 · 81Romance, Ch. 120 §24 · 33 · 41
Du Yu's grandfather Du Ji, while Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, drowned while testing a boat at Mengjin, and his son Du Shu succeeded him. While Inspector of You Province, Du Shu was impeached by Cheng Xi, General Who Conquers the North, handed over to the Commandant of Justice and sentenced to death, but because his father Du Ji had drowned while diligently serving in office, he was spared death, made a commoner and moved to Zhangwu Commandery. This was in the 1st year of Jiaping (249), and Du Shu died in exile in the 4th year of Jiaping (252). Records, Wei 16 §34 · 72–73 · 75
In the 2nd year of Ganlu (257), Yue Xiang of Hedong, then over ninety years old, submitted a letter pleading Du Ji's legacy of achievements, and the court was moved. An edict was issued enfeoffing Du Shu's son Du Yu as Marquis of Fengle Village with a fief of a hundred households. Records, Wei 16 §77
On receiving the Later Sovereign's edict, Jiang Wei went before Zhong Hui's camp at Fu County and surrendered. Zhong Hui treated Jiang Wei and the others generously, riding in the same carriage with him when they went out and sitting on the same mat when they sat, and at this time Du Yu was Zhong Hui's Chief Clerk. Zhong Hui said to his Chief Clerk Du Yu, 'If we compare Boyue with the famous gentlemen of the Central Plains, even Gongxiu and Taichu could not surpass him.' Afterwards Zhong Hui slandered Deng Ai and had him recalled in a cage cart, then called himself Governor of Yi Province at Chengdu and rebelled, and was killed together with Jiang Wei by the enraged officers and men of Wei. Records, Shu 14 §47–48
In the winter of the 3rd year of Tianji of Wu (279), Jin sent Sima Zhou, Grand General Who Guards the East, toward Tuzhong; Wang Hun, General Who Pacifies the East, and Zhou Jun, Inspector of Yang Province, toward Niuzhu; Wang Rong, General Who Establishes Might, toward Wuchang; Hu Fen, General Who Pacifies the South, toward Xiakou; and Du Yu, General Who Guards the South, toward Jiangling. It had Wang Jun, General Who Soars Like a Dragon, and Tang Bin, General Who Broadens Martial Might, sail east down the Yangtze, and made the Grand Commandant Jia Chong Grand Commander, placing him at the center of all the forces. Records, Wu 3 §74 · 78
In the spring of the 4th year of Tianji (280), wherever Wang Jun and Tang Bin arrived, the defenders collapsed like crumbling earth, and no one could resist them. Du Yu also beheaded Wu Yan, Area Commander of Jiangling, and Wang Hun beheaded the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Administrator of Danyang Shen Ying and others, winning every battle wherever they went. In the 3rd month Sun Hao sent envoys separately to present letters requesting surrender to Wang Jun, Sima Zhou and Wang Hun. Records, Wu 3 §81–83
In Chen Shou's main text these four passages are the only places Du Yu appears; his courtesy name and origin, his career after the conquest of Wu, and his death are not recorded. Chen Shou's assessment at the end of Records of Wei 16 counts Du Ji among the famous administrators of Wei but does not deal with Du Yu. Records, Wei 16 §77 · 98Records, Shu 14 §48Records, Wu 3 §78 · 81
In Chapter 120 of the Romance, in the 11th month of the 4th year of Xianning (278), Yang Hu, now critically ill, recommends Du Yu, General of the Right, to Sima Yan, who has come to visit him, saying that Du Yu is fit to carry on his purpose and must be used if Wu is to be attacked. Following Yang Hu's advice, the ruler of Jin makes Du Yu Grand General Who Guards the South in charge of the affairs of Jing Province. The Romance says that Du Yu was seasoned and experienced in affairs and never tired of learning, and that he loved Zuo Qiuming's Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals above all, keeping it beside him whether sitting or lying down and having someone carry the Zuo Commentary in front of his horse whenever he went in or out, so that people of the time called him 'the Zuo Commentary addict'. At Xiangyang Du Yu cares for the people, trains his troops and prepares to attack Wu. Romance, Ch. 120 §22 · 24 · 28
When Wang Jun petitions for an attack on Wu but the ruler of Jin, following Wang Hun's advice, halts the troops, Du Yu submits a memorial. He argues that it was because Yang Hu had not consulted widely with the court officials that there had been so many differing views, and that the advantages of this undertaking are eight or nine in ten, while the harm would go no further than a lack of success. If they stop now, he says, Sun Hao will take fright, move his capital to Wuchang and repair the cities south of the Yangtze, so that even next year's plans will come to nothing. When Zhang Hua too pushes aside the go board and backs him, the ruler of Jin makes Du Yu Grand Commander and sends him to advance on Jiangling with 100,000 troops, and has Sima Zhou, Wang Hun, Wang Rong and Hu Fen each lead 50,000 troops, all following Du Yu's command. Romance, Ch. 120 §29–33
Having advanced on Jiangling, Du Yu gives his subordinate general Zhou Zhi eight hundred boatmen to cross the river secretly in small boats and make a surprise attack on Lexiang, and has many banners set up in the hills and woods, with cannon fired and drums beaten by day and fires lit everywhere by night. At the first clash with Sun Xin, who arrives first, Du Yu at once falls back, then, when the Wu troops land and pursue him, he falls on them with troops from all sides and routs them. Sun Xin, fleeing close to the city, is cut down by Zhou Zhi, who has slipped in among his men, and when a great banner reading 'Jin's Grand General Who Guards the South, Du Yu' flutters above Mount Ba, Lu Jing tries to escape ashore but is cut down by the Jin general Zhang Shang. Romance, Ch. 120 §38–40
Wu Yan, seeing all the armies defeated, abandons the city and flees, but is captured by troops lying in ambush and brought before Du Yu, who, saying 'There is no use in keeping him alive,' has him beheaded and thus gains Jiangling. When the local officials from the region of the Yuan and Xiang rivers as far as the commanderies of Guang Province come bringing their seals and ribbons to surrender, Du Yu sends men bearing tallies to pacify the people and does not take so much as a hair from them. Wuchang too surrenders. Romance, Ch. 120 §41–42
When Hu Fen proposes waiting for next spring because the spring waters are rising, Du Yu replies that long ago Yue Yi annexed the powerful state of Qi in a single battle west of the Ji, and that now the army's momentum is like that of splitting bamboo: once a few joints have been split, the rest will part of their own accord as they meet the blade. He then sends out dispatches to have the generals attack Jianye together. When Jia Chong proposes recalling the army and Zhang Hua opposes him, Du Yu's memorial arrives saying that they must advance quickly, and the ruler of Jin orders the advance. After Sun Hao has surrendered to Wang Jun, Du Yu too arrives, feasts all three armies lavishly and opens the granaries to relieve the people of Wu. Romance, Ch. 120 §42–43 · 49–50 · 55 · 57
Family and earlier career: In the Records, Du Yu was the grandson of Du Ji and the son of Du Shu, was enfeoffed as Marquis of Fengle Village in the 2nd year of Ganlu (257), and was Zhong Hui's Chief Clerk when Zhong Hui accepted Jiang Wei's surrender in Shu. In the Romance, Du Yu first appears in Chapter 120 through Yang Hu's recommendation, and neither his family nor his earlier career is depicted. Records, Wei 16 §77Records, Shu 14 §48Romance, Ch. 120 §24
His appointment: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Yang Hu recommends Du Yu before his death, and following his advice the ruler of Jin makes Du Yu Grand General Who Guards the South in charge of the affairs of Jing Province. Chen Shou's main text does not say that Yang Hu recommended Du Yu, and Du Yu appears as General Who Guards the South in the attack on Wu in the 3rd year of Tianji (279). Romance, Ch. 120 §24 · 28Records, Wu 3 §78
Grand Commander: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Du Yu becomes Grand Commander, and the troops of Sima Zhou, Wang Hun, Wang Rong and Hu Fen all follow his command. In Chen Shou's main text the Grand Commander is the Grand Commandant Jia Chong, and Du Yu is one of several generals, the one sent toward Jiangling. Romance, Ch. 120 §33Records, Wu 3 §78
Wu Yan: Chapter 120 of the Romance portrays Wu Yan as a General of Chariots and Cavalry who, as commander-in-chief, advances on Jiangling to meet Du Yu; he abandons the city and flees, is captured and is beheaded before Du Yu. Chen Shou's main text records only that Du Yu beheaded Wu Yan, Area Commander of Jiangling. Romance, Ch. 120 §35 · 41Records, Wu 3 §81
Lu Jing's death: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Lu Jing flees at the sight of Du Yu's banner and is cut down by the Jin general Zhang Shang. The Biography of Lu Xun in the Records says only that on the renxu day of the 2nd month of the 4th year of Tianji (280) his elder brother Lu Yan was killed by a detached force of Wang Jun, and that on the following day, guihai, Lu Jing too was killed; Du Yu's name does not appear. Romance, Ch. 120 §40Records, Wu 13 §89
The momentum of splitting bamboo: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Du Yu rejects Hu Fen's advice and, citing the momentum of splitting bamboo, has the army advance on Jianye. The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in Chen Shou's main text contain no such discussion, and Sun Hao sent his letters requesting surrender to Wang Jun, Sima Zhou and Wang Hun. Romance, Ch. 120 §42–43Records, Wu 3 §81–83
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NUsed an ambush at Mount Ba and decided to advance on Jianye, likening the momentum to splitting bambooCh. 120 §33Ch. 120 §38Ch. 120 §43
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Zhong Hui's Chief ClerkShu 14 §48
NLoved learning and always kept the Zuo Commentary by his side, so that he was called the Zuo Commentary addictCh. 120 §28
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NPersuaded the hesitating ruler of Jin with memorials to send out the troopsCh. 120 §31Ch. 120 §33Ch. 120 §50
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NCared for the people at Xiangyang, and relieved the people of Wu without taking so much as a hair from themCh. 120 §28Ch. 120 §42Ch. 120 §57
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NLocal officials from the Yuan and Xiang rivers to Guang Province surrendered at the mere report of himCh. 120 §42
RAdvanced on Jiangling as General Who Guards the South and beheaded Wu Yan, Area Commander of JianglingWu 3 §78Wu 3 §81
NAs Grand Commander, advanced by land and water, broke Sun Xin and took Jiangling and WuchangCh. 120 §38Ch. 120 §39Ch. 120 §41
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as commanderCh. 120 §39
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NBeheaded Wu Yan as useless, but did not take so much as a hair from the peopleCh. 120 §41Ch. 120 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his surviving his service as Zhong Hui's Chief ClerkShu 14 §48
NNo direct record — estimated from his becoming commander on Yang Hu's recommendationCh. 120 §28
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as General Who Guards the SouthWu 3 §78
NNo direct record — estimated from his use of Zhou Zhi for the surprise attackCh. 120 §38
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.
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