Battle
Conquest of Wu by Jin 晉滅吳之戰
About this event
The Conquest of Wu by Jin was the war, from the winter of the 3rd year of Tianji (279) to the 3rd month of the following year, in which Jin sent out armies by several routes, attacked Wu and received Sun Hao's surrender. Jin had Sima Zhou, Wang Hun, Wang Rong, Hu Fen and Du Yu each head for a key point of Wu and Wang Jun and Tang Bin come down the river, and made the Grand Commandant Jia Chong Grand Commander. On the renshen day of the 3rd month of the 4th year of Tianji (280), Wang Jun arrived first and received Sun Hao's surrender, and Sun Hao was moved to Luoyang and made Marquis Who Returned to Allegiance. Records, Wu 3 §78 · 85
Chen Shou recorded this war in the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers, Records of Wu 3, and included it briefly in the account of Xue Ying in the Biographies of Zhang, Yan, Cheng, Kan and Xue, Records of Wu 8, and in the account of Lu Kang's sons at the end of the Biography of Lu Xun, Records of Wu 13. The Romance depicts this war in Chapter 120, from Yang Hu's proposal and the campaigns of Du Yu and Wang Jun through to Sun Hao's surrender and the reunification of the realm that had been divided in three. Records, Wu 3 §78–86Records, Wu 8 §61Records, Wu 13 §88–89Romance, Ch. 120 §21 · 33–34 · 55 · 61
Course of events in the Records
At every banquet Sun Hao made his officials drink themselves senseless, and had ten Gentlemen of the Yellow Gate, to whom no wine was given, look for faults and report them, punishing offenses great and small. Though his harem numbered several thousand, he never stopped selecting more, and palace women who displeased him were killed and their bodies sent away on the water; sometimes he flayed people's faces or gouged out their eyes. His favorite, Cen Hun, loved to launch building works and corvée labor. Chen Shou writes that for this reason high and low were estranged and no one would exert himself for Sun Hao. Records, Wu 3 §79–80
In the winter of the 3rd year of Tianji (279), Jin sent the Grand General Who Guards the East Sima Zhou toward Tuzhong (涂中), the General Who Pacifies the East Wang Hun and the Inspector of Yang Province Zhou Jun (周浚) toward Niuzhu, the General Who Establishes Might Wang Rong toward Wuchang, the General Who Pacifies the South Hu Fen toward Xiakou, and the General Who Guards the South Du Yu toward Jiangling, and had the General Who Soars Like a Dragon Wang Jun and the General Who Broadens Martial Might Tang Bin sail east down the river. The Grand Commandant Jia Chong, as Grand Commander, took station at the center of all the forces, weighing what the situation required. Tao Jun, who was going by the western road to put down Guo Ma's Rebellion, heard at Wuchang that the northern armies had come out in force, and halted and did not advance. Records, Wu 3 §78
In the spring of the 4th year of Tianji (280), wherever Wang Jun and Tang Bin went, resistance crumbled like a landslide and shattered like tiles, and no one stood in their way. Du Yu beheaded Wu Yan, Area Commander of Jiangling, and Wang Hun beheaded the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Administrator of Danyang Shen Ying and others. The Biography of Lu Xun says that Lu Kang's son Lu Yan was killed by a detached force of Wang Jun on the renxu day of the 2nd month and that his younger brother Lu Jing was killed the next day, and records that Wang Jun's victories wherever he came down the river turned out just as Lu Kang had feared. Records, Wu 3 §81Records, Wu 13 §88–89
On the bingyin day of the 3rd month, several hundred of the close attendants in the palace kowtowed and begged that Cen Hun be killed, and Sun Hao, frightened and confused, complied. On the wuchen day Tao Jun, back from Wuchang, said that with large ships and twenty thousand soldiers he could easily defeat the small Shu boats, so troops were gathered and he was given the insignia of command, but on the night before the day set for departure the troops all ran away. Records, Wu 3 §82–83
As Wang Jun was about to arrive down the river and Sima Zhou and Wang Hun were also approaching the border, Sun Hao, following the plan of the Superintendent of the Imperial Household Xue Ying and the Prefect of the Palace Secretariat Hu Chong and others, sent envoys separately to present letters of surrender to the three men. The account of Xue Ying records that Xue Ying composed this letter. On the renshen day Wang Jun arrived first, received Sun Hao's surrender, untied his bonds, burned his coffin and invited him to meet, while Sima Zhou, on the grounds that Sun Hao had sent his seal and ribbon to him, sent envoys to escort Sun Hao. Records, Wu 3 §83–85Records, Wu 8 §61
Sun Hao was moved west with his whole family. By an edict on the jiashen day of the 4th month he received the title Marquis Who Returned to Allegiance along with clothing, carriages, thirty qing of fields, five thousand hu of grain a year and more, and on the dinghai day of the 5th month of the 1st year of Taikang (280) he arrived at Luoyang. His heir apparent Sun Jin became a General of the Household, and those of his sons who had been princes became Gentlemen of the Palace; Sun Hao died at Luoyang in the 5th year of Taikang. Records, Wu 3 §85–86
In his assessment Chen Shou said that Sun Hao was savage and obstinate, executing those who remonstrated loyally, employing slanderers and flatterers, and treating his people cruelly, so that he ought to have been cut in two at the waist and neck in apology to the people; that he instead received an edict sparing his life and even the favor of the title Marquis Who Returned to Allegiance was an excessively generous grace. Records, Wu 3 §89–90
In the Romance
In Chapter 120 of the Romance, when Lu Kang loses his military command and Sun Hao loses his virtue, Yang Hu, the Jin commander, sends up a memorial proposing an attack on Wu, but it comes to nothing because of the opposition of Jia Chong, Xun Yi and Feng Dan. In the 4th year of Xianning, Yang Hu, now gravely ill, recommends to Sima Yan, who has come to visit him, that Du Yu must be used if Wu is to be attacked, and then dies, and Sima Yan makes Du Yu Grand General Who Guards the South in charge of the affairs of Jing Province. Romance, Ch. 120 §21–25 · 28
When Wang Jun, Inspector of Yi Province, submits a memorial urging haste, saying that it has been seven years since he began building ships and that he himself is seventy, and Du Yu also sends a memorial saying that if they attack now Wu can be pacified without effort, Sima Yan at last makes Du Yu Grand Commander and has him advance on Jiangling with a hundred thousand men. Sima Zhou, Wang Hun, Wang Rong and Hu Fen, each with fifty thousand, take orders from Du Yu, and Wang Jun and Tang Bin go down the river, so that there are more than two hundred thousand troops on land and water and tens of thousands of warships. Romance, Ch. 120 §29–34
Sun Hao entrusts the army to the Chancellor Zhang Ti and, following Cen Hun's plan, has iron chains stretched across the key points of the Yangtze and iron spikes planted in the water. Du Yu secretly sends Zhou Zhi across the river to hide at Bashan and takes Jiangling, and the local officials from the Yuan and Xiang rivers as far as Guang Province surrender at the mere rumor. Wang Jun clears away the iron spikes with rafts carrying armored straw men, and melts through the iron chains with huge torches, and Zhang Ti, who crosses the river to meet him, dies amid the confused troops. Romance, Ch. 120 §35–48
Jia Chong proposes withdrawing the troops, but Sima Yan, following Zhang Hua's words and Du Yu's memorial, orders the advance. As the soldiers and people of Wu surrender without fighting, the officials hack Cen Hun to pieces, and Wang Jun braves the wind and waves to advance on Shitoucheng and receive Sun Hao's surrender. Sima Yan raises his cup and, weeping, attributes this achievement to Yang Hu, and the Romance concludes that with this the Three Kingdoms passed to Sima Yan of Jin, laying the foundation of unification. Romance, Ch. 120 §49–55 · 58 · 61
Where the Romance differs
The Grand Commander: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Du Yu becomes Grand Commander and advances on Jiangling with a hundred thousand men, and Sima Zhou, Wang Hun, Wang Rong and Hu Fen all take orders from him. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, the Grand Commandant Jia Chong, as Grand Commander, was at the center of all the forces, and Du Yu, as General Who Guards the South, was one of several generals heading for Jiangling. Romance, Ch. 120 §33Records, Wu 3 §78
Zhang Ti's death: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Zhang Ti crosses the river to fight and dies amid the confused troops, and Shen Ying is killed by the Jin general Zhou Zhi. The Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records record that Wang Hun beheaded the Chancellor Zhang Ti, the Administrator of Danyang Shen Ying and others. Romance, Ch. 120 §47Records, Wu 3 §81
Cen Hun's death: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, the officials, without even waiting for Sun Hao's order, crowd into the palace and hack Cen Hun to death. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, on the bingyin day of the 3rd month several hundred close attendants in the palace kowtowed and begged that Cen Hun be killed, and Sun Hao, frightened and confused, complied. Romance, Ch. 120 §51–52Records, Wu 3 §82
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Belligerents
| Item | A | B |
|---|---|---|
| Factions | Jin | Wu |
| Commanders | Du Yu, Jia Chong, Wang Hun, Wang Jun, Tang Bin, Sima Zhou, Wang Rong, Hu Fen | Sun Hao, Zhang Ti, Tao Jun, Shen Ying, Wu Yan(伍延) |
Factions, commanders, strength and casualties are checked against the source texts (3KDEX). Strength and casualties show only figures stated in the sources. Source: Wu 3 §85