Xu Yun 許允

RecordsRomance Wei Courtesy name 士宗 Shizong허윤사종许允

Profile
OccupationROfficial · Central Commander of the Army NOfficial · Palace AttendantFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography inBook of Wei
BornR? UnverifiedNative placeHejian Commandery Gaoyang County
DiedR254 UnverifiedPlace of death
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR10

Profile

Xu Yun was a native of Gaoyang who served Wei as Palace Attendant and Central Commander of the Army. In the Records a short biography of him is appended at the end of the Biography of Xiahou Xuan, and he also appears in the biographies of Cao Shuang and Wang Ji. Chen Shou wrote that Wang Jing of Qinghe was spoken of together with Xu Yun as a noted scholar of Ji Province. Records, Wei 9 §127–128 · 130

In the 1st month of the 1st year of Jiaping (249), when Sima Xuanwang (Sima Yi) raised troops, he and the Master of Writing Chen Tai persuaded Cao Shuang to admit his guilt without delay. Later, as Central Commander of the Army, he was on close terms with Li Feng and Xiahou Xuan; when the affair of Li Feng and the others came to light he was transferred to General Who Guards the North, but before he set out he was arrested for distributing government property without authority, and he died on the way into exile in Lelang. Records, Wei 4 §28Records, Wei 9 §85 · 128

Chen Shou did not assess him separately in his assessment in Records of Wei 9. In a letter to Sima Jingwang (Sima Shi), Wang Ji called Xu Yun, Fu Gu, Yuan Kan and Cui Zan 'all upright men of their age'. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 107, that is, in 1 of its 120 chapters, where he is portrayed as the Palace Attendant who carries Sima Yi's words to Cao Shuang and takes away his seal and ribbon. Records, Wei 9 §132Records, Wei 27 §59Romance, Ch. 107 §9 · 19

In the Records

In the 1st month of the 1st year of Jiaping (249), when the imperial carriage went to pay homage at the Gaoping Tomb and Cao Shuang and his brothers all accompanied it, Sima Xuanwang (Sima Yi) raised troops and memorialized that the officials and troops of Cao Shuang and his brothers be dismissed. Cao Shuang, withholding the memorial from the Son of Heaven, was driven into a corner, and although the Minister of Agriculture Huan Fan urged him to move the imperial carriage to Xuchang and summon troops from outside, Cao Shuang and his brothers hesitated and could not decide. Records, Wei 4 §28Records, Wei 9 §80 · 83–85

At this point the Palace Attendant Xu Yun and the Master of Writing Chen Tai persuaded Cao Shuang to admit his guilt without delay. Cao Shuang thereupon sent Xu Yun and Chen Tai to Sima Xuanwang to admit his guilt and beg for death, and only then passed Sima Xuanwang's memorial on to the Son of Heaven. Cao Shuang and his brothers were dismissed from office and returned to their residences as marquises, and later, on Zhang Dang's testimony, they were executed together with He Yan and the others. Records, Wei 9 §85 · 87–88

When Sima Jingwang (Sima Shi) newly took charge of the government, Wang Ji wrote to admonish him, saying that Xu Yun, Fu Gu, Yuan Kan and Cui Zan were all upright men of their age, of straightforward character and with no inclination to drift with the tide, and were men with whom he could share the affairs of government. Jingwang accepted his words. Records, Wei 27 §59

Xu Yun of Gaoyang, Central Commander of the Army, was on close terms with Li Feng and Xiahou Xuan. Before this, someone had forged a foot-and-an-inch edict appointing Xiahou Xuan General-in-Chief and Xu Yun Grand Commandant, to take charge together of the affairs of the Masters of Writing (lu shangshu shi). Before dawn a man rode up on horseback, handed the edict tablet to Xu Yun's gatekeeper, said, 'There is an edict,' and at once galloped away. Xu Yun immediately threw the document into the fire and burned it, without opening it or presenting it to Sima Jingwang. Records, Wei 9 §128

Li Feng, Prefect of the Palace Writers, joined with Zhang Ji (張緝), Grandee of Splendid Happiness and father of the empress, in a plot to have Xiahou Xuan assist the government, and planned to kill the General-in-Chief by taking advantage of the occasion in the 2nd month of the 6th year of Jiaping (254) when an Honored Lady was to be invested. The General-in-Chief Sima Jingwang caught wind of the plot, summoned Li Feng and killed him on the spot, and Xiahou Xuan, Zhang Ji and the others were arrested and sent to the Commandant of Justice. Records, Wei 9 §122–124

After the affair of Li Feng and the others came to light, Xu Yun was transferred to General Who Guards the North, granted the tally and put in charge of the military affairs of Hebei. But before he set out, he was arrested for distributing government property without authority and handed over to the Commandant of Justice, and he died on the road while being exiled to Lelang. Records, Wei 9 §128

Chen Shou records that Wang Jing of Qinghe was also spoken of together with Xu Yun as a noted scholar of Ji Province, and adds that Wang Jing, after becoming a commandery administrator, could not follow his mother's advice to stop there and in the end came to ruin. He also says that Cui Zan, a friend of Xu Yun from the same commandery, had once warned Xu Yun that his manner of living in the world was too grand. Records, Wei 9 §130

In his assessment at the end of Records of Wei 9, Chen Shou assessed only Cao Shuang and Xiahou Xuan and did not assess Xu Yun separately. Chen Shou's main text does not record Xu Yun's courtesy name or the year of his death. Records, Wei 9 §132 · 127–128

In the Romance

In Chapter 107 of the Romance, after taking control of the city while Cao Shuang is outside it, Sima Yi summons Xu Yun and Chen Tai and has them go to Cao Shuang and tell him that the Grand Tutor has no other aim than to take away the military authority of him and his brothers. Sima Yi also sends Yin Damu, Colonel of the Palace (dianzhong xiaowei), to Cao Shuang with a letter from Jiang Ji. Romance, Ch. 107 §9

While the Minister of Agriculture Huan Fan is urging Cao Shuang to take the Son of Heaven to Xudu, summon troops from outside and attack Sima Yi, the Palace Attendant Xu Yun and the Master of Writing Chen Tai arrive and tell him to return to the city quickly, saying, 'The Grand Tutor only wants to take away your military authority because your power is too great; he has no other intention.' Cao Shuang remains silent, and Yin Damu, who arrives after them, tells him that the Grand Tutor has sworn an oath pointing to the Luo River. Romance, Ch. 107 §14–17

When Cao Shuang, after wavering for a day and a night, throws down his sword and says he will give up office and live as a rich old man, Xu Yun and Chen Tai have him first hand over his seal and ribbon to Sima Yi. The Registrar Yang Zong clutches the seal and ribbon and, weeping, tries to stop him, saying that he will be executed at the Eastern Market, but Cao Shuang says the Grand Tutor will not break faith with him and gives the seal and ribbon to the two men, Xu Yun and Chen Tai, to take ahead to Sima Yi. Seeing that their commander's seal is gone, the soldiers all scatter in every direction. Romance, Ch. 107 §18–19

Where the Romance differs

Who sent them: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Sima Yi summons Xu Yun and Chen Tai and sends them to Cao Shuang to tell him that he only means to take away his military authority. In the Biography of Cao Shuang in the Records, the Palace Attendant Xu Yun and the Master of Writing Chen Tai persuaded Cao Shuang to admit his guilt without delay, and Cao Shuang sent the two of them to Sima Xuanwang. Romance, Ch. 107 §9 · 16Records, Wei 9 §85

What they carried: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Xu Yun and Chen Tai receive the seal and ribbon from Cao Shuang and take them ahead to Sima Yi. In the Records the two went to Sima Xuanwang at Cao Shuang's bidding to admit his guilt and beg for death, and Chen Shou's main text says nothing of their carrying a seal and ribbon. Romance, Ch. 107 §19Records, Wei 9 §85

What came after: In the Records, Xu Yun, as Central Commander of the Army, was on close terms with Li Feng and Xiahou Xuan and burned a forged edict appointing him Grand Commandant; after the affair of Li Feng and the others came to light he was transferred to General Who Guards the North, and then, for distributing government property without authority, he died on the way into exile in Lelang. In the Romance Xu Yun does not appear after Chapter 107, and these events and his death are not depicted. Records, Wei 9 §128Romance, Ch. 107 §19

Wang Ji's recommendation: In the Biography of Wang Ji in the Records, Wang Ji named Xu Yun to Sima Jingwang as an upright man with whom he could share the affairs of government. These words do not appear in the Romance. Records, Wei 27 §59Romance, Ch. 107 §9–19

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA4231−11
  • STR3131±0
  • INT4540−5
  • POL4238−4
  • CHA5540−15
  • VIR5040−10
  • ADP5555±0
  • SCH4035−5
  • DIP5555±0
  • DIS4035−5
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

CharismaR55N40Unverified −15

RSpoken of as a noted scholar of Ji Province and counted among the upright men of his ageWei 9 §130Wei 27 §59

NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §16

LeadershipR42UnverifiedN31Unverified −11

RNo direct record — estimated from his appointments as Central Commander of the Army and General Who Guards the NorthWei 9 §128

NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a civil official serving as Palace AttendantCh. 107 §9

VirtueR50N40Unverified −10

RCounted an upright man, but was arrested for distributing government property without authorityWei 27 §59Wei 9 §128

NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §9

7 similar abilities — show evidence
  • StrengthR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 9 §128

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §9

  • IntelligenceR45UnverifiedN40Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 9 §128

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §16

  • PoliticsR42UnverifiedN38Unverified −4

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 9 §128

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §16

  • AdaptabilityR55N55 ±0

    RBurned at once, unopened, a forged edict making him Grand CommandantWei 9 §128

    NWent to Cao Shuang as Sima Yi's envoyCh. 107 §9

  • ScholarshipR40UnverifiedN35Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his reputation as a noted scholarWei 9 §130

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §9

  • DiplomacyR55N55 ±0

    RTogether with Chen Tai, persuaded Cao Shuang to admit his guilt earlyWei 9 §85

    NPersuaded Cao Shuang that only his military authority would be taken, and had him hand over his seal and ribbonCh. 107 §16Ch. 107 §19

  • DiscernmentR40UnverifiedN35Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimatedWei 9 §128

    NNo direct record — estimatedCh. 107 §9

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (1)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Wei · Records · Records vol. 9 「中領軍高陽許允」

Related events (1)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).