Zhang Dang 張當
| Occupation | RNOther · Eunuch of the Yellow Gate | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | R? Unverified | Native place | |
| Died | R249 Unverified | Place of death | |
| Cause of death | RExecuted Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R5 |
Profile
Zhang Dang was a eunuch of the Yellow Gate in Wei. The Records give him no biography of his own, and his name appears in the Annals of the Three Young Emperors and in the biographies of Cao Shuang and Xiahou Xuan. When General-in-Chief Cao Shuang held power, Sima Xuanwang (Sima Yi) impeached him in a memorial, charging that Cao Shuang had made Zhang Dang, a eunuch of the Yellow Gate, Superintendent (dujian) and colluded with him alone, spying on the Most Honored and coveting the sacred vessels. Records, Wei 9 §82
In the 1st month of the 10th year of Zhengshi (249; the 1st year of Jiaping in the Annals of the Three Young Emperors), after Sima Xuanwang had removed Cao Shuang and his brothers, he was arrested and handed over to the Commandant of Justice, and testified that Cao Shuang had plotted rebellion with He Yan and others. He was then executed together with Cao Shuang, He Yan and the others, and his three sets of kin were exterminated. Records, Wei 4 §28Records, Wei 9 §87–88
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 106 as a eunuch of the Yellow Gate who flatters Cao Shuang and secretly picks out the late emperor's concubines to send to him, and he appears in 2 of the 120 chapters, with no chapter title bearing his name. In Chapter 107 he is seized by Sima Yi and confesses that five men, He Yan and others, plotted usurpation together. Romance, Ch. 106 §37Romance, Ch. 107 §22
In the Records
When General-in-Chief Cao Shuang held power, Cao Shuang's biography records that his food, carriages and clothing rivaled the emperor's, and that he privately took seven or eight of the late emperor's Talented Ladies, along with generals and officials, musicians and craftsmen, drum-and-wind bands and 33 sons and daughters of good families, and made them all his entertainers and musicians. Apart from this, Zhang Dang gave Cao Shuang Talented Ladies he had privately picked out, the Ladies Zhang, He and others. Records, Wei 9 §77 · 87
In the 1st month of the 10th year of Zhengshi (249), when the emperor's carriage went to pay respects at the Gaoping Mausoleum and Cao Shuang and his brothers all went along, Sima Xuanwang (Sima Yi) marshalled his troops, seized the arsenal, camped at the floating bridge on the Luo River and submitted a memorial impeaching Cao Shuang. The memorial said that Cao Shuang overstepped his station at court by imitating the emperor and monopolized authority and power outside it, and went on to say that he had made Zhang Dang, a eunuch of the Yellow Gate, Superintendent and colluded with him alone, spying on the Most Honored, coveting the sacred vessels, sowing discord between the two palaces and harming flesh and blood. Records, Wei 9 §80–82
Persuaded by Xu Yun and Chen Tai, Cao Shuang sent the two to Sima Xuanwang to admit his guilt and ask for death, and the brothers were all dismissed and returned to their residences as marquises. The Annals of the Three Young Emperors record the visit to the Gaoping Mausoleum and the dismissal of Cao Shuang and his brothers on the day jiawu of the 1st month of the 1st year of Jiaping, and then record that on the day wuxu the officials in charge memorialized, arrested Zhang Dang, a eunuch of the Yellow Gate, and handed him over to the Commandant of Justice, and that when his testimony was examined it was found that Cao Shuang had plotted rebellion with him. Records, Wei 9 §85Records, Wei 4 §28
According to Cao Shuang's biography, Zhang Dang was arrested and put on trial on suspicion that there had been something improper with the Talented Ladies he had given Cao Shuang. Zhang Dang testified that Cao Shuang had secretly plotted rebellion with He Yan and others, had even drilled troops in advance, and meant to rise in the 3rd month, whereupon He Yan and the others were thrown into prison. In the court deliberation, the ministers and court officials declared that Cao Shuang had coveted the sacred vessels together with He Yan, Deng Yang, Zhang Dang and others, which amounted to great treason and depravity. Records, Wei 9 §87
Thereupon Cao Shuang, Cao Xi, Cao Xun, He Yan, Deng Yang, Ding Mi, Bi Gui, Li Sheng, Huan Fan, Zhang Dang and others were seized, all executed, and their three sets of kin exterminated. Records, Wei 9 §88
Five years later, Li Feng, plotting to kill the General-in-Chief by taking advantage of the investiture of an Honored Lady in the 2nd month of the 6th year of Jiaping (254), secretly told Su Shuo, Supervisor of the Yellow Gate, Yue Dun, Prefect of the Yongning Office, Liu Xian, Supervisor of the Attendants, and others, 'You men within the palace have done many unlawful things, and the General-in-Chief, stern and resolute, has spoken of it several times; the affair of Zhang Dang may serve as a warning.' Su Shuo and the others all agreed to follow his orders, but the General-in-Chief got wind of the plot, summoned Li Feng and killed him on the spot. Records, Wei 9 §123–124
In the Romance
In Chapter 106 of the Romance, once all military authority has passed to Cao Shuang, the guests at Cao Shuang's gate grow more numerous by the day, and Sima Yi stays home on the pretext of illness. Cao Shuang drinks and makes merry with He Yan and others every day, the clothing and vessels he uses are no different from the court's, and of the rare treasures sent as tribute he first picks the best for himself. At this time Zhang Dang, a eunuch of the Yellow Gate, flatters and serves Cao Shuang and secretly picks out seven or eight of the late emperor's concubines and sends them to Cao Shuang's residence. Cao Shuang also selects thirty or forty sons and daughters of good families skilled in song and dance to form his household troupe. Romance, Ch. 106 §36–37
In Chapter 107, the memorial Sima Yi submits on raising troops says that Cao Shuang has betrayed the late emperor's last command and thrown the laws of the state into disorder, and rebukes him for having made Zhang Dang, a eunuch of the Yellow Gate, Superintendent and colluded with him alone, spying on the Most Honored, coveting the sacred vessels, sowing discord between the two palaces and harming flesh and blood. When the memorial arrives, Cao Shuang is in the middle of flying hawks and running hounds. Romance, Ch. 107 §10–11
When the three Cao Shuang brothers return to their residence, Sima Yi locks the gates and has 800 local residents guard the house. When Cao Shuang asks to borrow grain, Sima Yi sends 100 hu of grain, and Cao Shuang, saying that Lord Sima never meant to harm him, worries no more. But Sima Yi had already arrested Zhang Dang, the eunuch of the Yellow Gate, thrown him in prison and had him questioned. Zhang Dang says, 'It was not I alone; there are five more, He Yan, Deng Yang, Li Sheng, Bi Gui and Ding Mi, who plotted usurpation together', and after taking Zhang Dang's deposition Sima Yi seizes and interrogates He Yan and the others and obtains their confession that they all meant to rebel in the 3rd month. Romance, Ch. 107 §21–22
Sima Yi puts long cangues on them, also throws Huan Fan and others into prison, and then has the three Cao Shuang brothers and all the implicated criminals beheaded in the marketplace and their three sets of kin exterminated. Zhang Dang's name is not mentioned separately in this passage. Romance, Ch. 107 §23
Where the Romance differs
The women sent to Cao Shuang: In Chapter 106 of the Romance, Zhang Dang secretly picks out seven or eight of the late emperor's concubines and sends them to Cao Shuang's residence. In Cao Shuang's biography in the Records, it was Cao Shuang who privately took seven or eight of the late emperor's Talented Ladies, and Zhang Dang gave Cao Shuang Talented Ladies he had privately picked out, the Ladies Zhang, He and others. Romance, Ch. 106 §37Records, Wei 9 §77 · 87
How he was arrested: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Sima Yi arrests Zhang Dang first, throws him in prison and has him questioned. In the Annals of the Three Young Emperors in the Records, after Cao Shuang and his brothers were dismissed, the officials in charge memorialized on the day wuxu, arrested Zhang Dang and handed him over to the Commandant of Justice, and Cao Shuang's biography records that he was arrested on suspicion that there had been something improper with the Talented Ladies he had given. Romance, Ch. 107 §22Records, Wei 4 §28Records, Wei 9 §87
His testimony: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Zhang Dang says that it was not he alone, but that five men, He Yan, Deng Yang, Li Sheng, Bi Gui and Ding Mi, plotted usurpation together. In Cao Shuang's biography in the Records, Zhang Dang testified that Cao Shuang had secretly plotted rebellion with He Yan and others, had even drilled troops in advance, and meant to rise in the 3rd month. The statement that troops were drilled in advance is not in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 107 §22Records, Wei 9 §87
Death: Chapter 107 of the Romance says that the three Cao Shuang brothers and all the implicated criminals were beheaded in the marketplace, without naming Zhang Dang separately. Cao Shuang's biography in the Records names Zhang Dang, along with Cao Shuang, He Yan and others, among those executed whose three sets of kin were exterminated. Romance, Ch. 107 §23Records, Wei 9 §88
A name left behind: In the Records, in the 6th year of Jiaping (254), Li Feng, plotting to kill the General-in-Chief, told Su Shuo, Supervisor of the Yellow Gate, and others that 'the affair of Zhang Dang may serve as a warning'. Li Feng's plot in Chapter 109 of the Romance is depicted as a scene in which Li Feng, Xiahou Xuan and Zhang Ji confer with Cao Fang in a secret chamber and Zhang Ji receives an edict written in blood, and neither Su Shuo nor the affair of Zhang Dang appears. Records, Wei 9 §123–124Romance, Ch. 109 §26–28
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
- LEA3131±0
- STR3131±0
- INT3533−2
- POL3333±0
- CHA3232±0
- VIR1210−2
- ADP1820+2
- SCH3131±0
- DIP3333±0
- DIS3131±0
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.
10 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his posts as eunuch of the Yellow Gate and SuperintendentWei 9 §82
NNo direct recordCh. 107 §11
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
RPrivately gave Talented Ladies to Cao Shuang and colluded with him in coveting the sacred vesselsWei 9 §87Wei 9 §82
NThrough flattery, secretly sent the late emperor's concubines to Cao Shuang and colluded with himCh. 106 §37Ch. 107 §11
RTestified to Cao Shuang's and others' rebellion when arrested, but his three sets of kin were exterminatedWei 9 §87Wei 4 §28
NWhen jailed, confessed that He Yan and four others had plotted usurpation with himCh. 107 §22
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
RNo direct recordWei 9 §87
NNo direct recordCh. 106 §37
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (2)
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