RAsked that the Duke of Gaogui Village be buried with the rites of a princeWei 4 §103
NWept with Cao Mao's head resting on his thigh, and declined a princely title, saying he would not turn his back on WeiCh. 114 §15Ch. 119 §44
| Occupation | RNOfficial · Grand Tutor | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Henei Commandery Wen County Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R10 |
Sima Fu was the younger brother of Sima Lang. He has no biography of his own in the Records; his name appears in the biography of Sima Lang, the Annals of the Three Young Emperors and elsewhere. In the 1st year of Jiaping (249), when Sima Yi moved against the General-in-Chief Cao Shuang, Sima Fu is named in Sima Yi's memorial as the Prefect of the Masters of Writing who had petitioned the Yongning Palace that the military authority of Cao Shuang and his brothers should be withdrawn. In the 3rd year of Jiaping (251) he became Minister of Works and then Grand Commandant. Records, Wei 15 §26Records, Wei 9 §83Records, Wei 4 §32–33
As Grand Commandant he resisted Zhuge Ke of Wu, who had besieged the New City of Hefei, in the 5th year of Jiaping (253), and in the 1st year of Ganlu (256) he became Grand Tutor. In the 5th year of Ganlu (260), when Cao Mao, the Duke of Gaogui Village, died, he joined Sima Zhao and others in asking that Cao Mao be buried with the rites of a prince. Records, Wei 4 §35 · 77 · 103–104Records, Wei 28 §19
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 78 as the Palace Cadet who steps forward after Cao Cao's death to urge the heir Cao Pi to set aside his grief and discuss the succession to the throne, and he appears in 5 of its 120 chapters; no chapter title bears his name. In Chapter 119, when Wei abdicates in favor of Jin, he prostrates himself and weeps before Cao Huan, saying that he will never turn his back on Wei. Romance, Ch. 78 §35Romance, Ch. 119 §44
Sima Fu was the younger brother of Sima Lang. His elder brother Sima Lang died of illness at Juchao in the 22nd year of Jian'an (217) while on campaign against Wu. When Emperor Ming came to the throne, Sima Lang's son Yi (司馬遺) was enfeoffed as Marquis of Changwu Village, and Sima Fu also made his own son Sima Wang the heir of Sima Lang. When Yi died, Sima Wang's son Sima Hong succeeded him. Records, Wei 15 §26
In the 1st month of the 1st year of Jiaping (249), while the emperor had gone to pay his respects at the Gaoping Mausoleum, the Grand Tutor Sima Yi memorialized that the General-in-Chief Cao Shuang and his brothers be dismissed from office. In that memorial Sima Yi said that 'the Grand Commandant Jiang Ji, the Prefect of the Masters of Writing Sima Fu and others all held that Cao Shuang harbored disregard for his sovereign and that he and his brothers should not command troops or the palace guard, and petitioned the Yongning Palace,' and that the Empress Dowager had ordered that it be carried out as petitioned. Records, Wei 4 §28Records, Wei 9 §83
In the 3rd month of the 3rd year of Jiaping (251) he went from Prefect of the Masters of Writing to Minister of Works. That year the Grand Commandant Wang Ling plotted to depose the emperor and set up Cao Biao, Prince of Chu, was attacked by Sima Yi and killed himself in the 5th month; on the xinwei day of the 7th month Sima Fu was moved from Minister of Works to Grand Commandant. On the wuyin day of the same month Sima Yi died. Records, Wei 4 §32–33
In the 5th month of the 5th year of Jiaping (253), when Zhuge Ke, the Grand Tutor of Wu, besieged the New City of Hefei, an edict ordered the Grand Commandant Sima Fu to resist him. According to the biography of Guanqiu Jian, Guanqiu Jian resisted him together with Wen Qin, and when the Grand Commandant Sima Fu led the central army east and lifted the siege, Zhuge Ke withdrew. The Annals of the Three Young Emperors date Zhuge Ke's withdrawal to the 7th month of that year. Records, Wei 4 §35Records, Wei 28 §19
In the spring of the 2nd year of Zhengyuan (255), when Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin rebelled, some said that Sima Shi should not go in person but could send the Grand Commandant Sima Fu. Only Fu Gu and Wang Su urged him to go himself, and Sima Shi at last took the field. In the 8th month of that year, when Jiang Wei, the General-in-Chief of Shu, raided Didao and Wang Jing, Inspector of Yong Province, was heavily defeated, the court had Deng Ai and Chen Tai resist Jiang Wei, and on the wuchen day again sent the Grand Commandant Sima Fu as a follow-up force. Records, Wei 21 §95Records, Wei 4 §57
On the gengwu day of the 8th month of the 1st year of Ganlu (256) the title of Grand Commander was added to the General-in-Chief Sima Zhao, and on the guiyou day the Grand Commandant Sima Fu was made Grand Tutor. Records, Wei 4 §77
In the 5th month of the 5th year of Ganlu (260), when Cao Mao, the Duke of Gaogui Village, died, the Empress Dowager issued an order that he be buried with the rites of a commoner, following the precedent of the Prince of Changyi of the Han. On the gengyin day the Grand Tutor Sima Fu, together with the General-in-Chief Sima Zhao, the Grand Commandant Gao Rou and the Minister over the Masses Zheng Chong, bowed their heads to the ground. Saying that they had merely filled their posts and had failed to set right the disorder or check the treacherous revolt, they asked that grace be shown and that he be buried with the rites of a prince, and the Empress Dowager agreed. Records, Wei 4 §98 · 102–104
Chen Shou's main text does not record Sima Fu's courtesy name, birth or death, and he does not appear in the closing passage of the Annals of the Three Young Emperors, where Wei abdicates in favor of Jin. Records, Wei 15 §26Records, Wei 4 §150
In Chapter 78 of the Romance, when Cao Cao has died and the officials gather to mourn in the hall at Ye, the Palace Cadet Sima Fu boldly steps forward and urges the heir Cao Pi to set aside his grief and discuss the great matter. The King of Wei has passed away and the realm is shaken, he says, so a successor should be set up early to steady the people's hearts; why do nothing but weep? When the officials hesitate because they have not received an edict from the Son of Heaven, the Minister of War Chen Jiao cuts off his robe sleeve with his sword and pushes for the accession, and then Hua Xin arrives from Xuchang bearing the edict. Romance, Ch. 78 §34–37
In Chapter 107, while Cao Shuang has left the city with Cao Fang, the ruler of Wei, to go hunting, Sima Yi reports to Empress Dowager Guo and then has the Grand Commandant Jiang Ji and the Prefect of the Masters of Writing Sima Fu write a memorial together, which is sent to the Son of Heaven outside the city. The memorial contains the words that Jiang Ji, Sima Fu and others held that Cao Shuang harbored disregard for his sovereign and petitioned the Yongning Palace. Romance, Ch. 107 §1–2 · 12
In Chapter 109, when Sima Shi proposes to depose Cao Fang and set up Cao Ju, Prince of Pengcheng, the Empress Dowager proposes instead Cao Mao, the Duke of Gaogui Village, a grandson of Emperor Wen. At this point Sima Shi's clan uncle Sima Fu steps forward and says that the Empress Dowager is right and Cao Mao should be set up at once, and Sima Shi sends envoys to Yuancheng to summon the Duke of Gaogui Village. Romance, Ch. 109 §38–40
In Chapter 114, when Cao Mao has died, the Grand Tutor Sima Fu comes in, rests Cao Mao's head on his own thigh and weeps, saying, 'That Your Majesty was murdered is my crime.' He has the body placed in inner and outer coffins and laid west of a side hall, and later asks that Cao Mao be buried with the rites of a prince, which Sima Zhao permits. Romance, Ch. 114 §14–15 · 22
In Chapter 119, when Sima Yan has received the abdication of Wei, enfeoffed Cao Huan as Prince of Chenliu and sent him out to Jinyong City, the Grand Tutor Sima Fu prostrates himself and weeps before Cao Huan, saying, 'I am in my person a subject of Wei, and I will never turn my back on Wei.' Seeing this, Sima Yan enfeoffs him as Prince of Anping, but Sima Fu declines and withdraws. Romance, Ch. 119 §43–44
Who pressed for the succession: In Chapter 78 of the Romance, when Cao Cao dies, the Palace Cadet Sima Fu is the first to step forward and urge the heir to hasten his accession, and Chen Jiao follows. In the biography of Chen Jiao in the Records, when the officials held that by custom they must wait for an edict, Chen Jiao urged the accession, saying, 'The King has died away from home and the realm is fearful,' and everything was arranged within a day. Sima Fu does not appear in this passage. Romance, Ch. 78 §35–36Records, Wei 22 §62–63
Offices: The Romance calls Sima Fu Palace Cadet in Chapter 78, Prefect of the Masters of Writing in Chapter 107, and Grand Tutor in Chapters 114 and 119. In Chen Shou's main text he first appears as Prefect of the Masters of Writing in the 1st year of Jiaping (249), passes through Minister of Works and Grand Commandant in the 3rd year of Jiaping (251), and reaches Grand Tutor in the 1st year of Ganlu (256); there is no record that he was Palace Cadet. Romance, Ch. 78 §35Romance, Ch. 107 §2Romance, Ch. 114 §15Records, Wei 9 §83Records, Wei 4 §32–33 · 77
Moving against Cao Shuang: In Chapter 107 of the Romance, Sima Yi has Jiang Ji and Sima Fu write a memorial together. The Biographies of the Xiahou and Cao Clans, which deal with Cao Shuang in the Records, merely include within Sima Yi's memorial the statement that Jiang Ji, Sima Fu and others petitioned the Yongning Palace; they do not say that Sima Fu wrote the memorial. Romance, Ch. 107 §2Records, Wei 9 §83
Setting up Cao Mao: In Chapter 109 of the Romance, when the Empress Dowager proposes setting up Cao Mao, Sima Fu says he should be set up at once. The Annals of the Three Young Emperors in the Records say only that by the Empress Dowager's order Cao Mao was made heir of Emperor Ming and that the ministers deliberated and welcomed him; there are no words from Sima Fu. Romance, Ch. 109 §40Records, Wei 4 §46 · 48
Cao Mao's funeral: In Chapter 114 of the Romance, Sima Fu rests Cao Mao's head on his thigh and weeps that it is his own crime, and asks for burial with the rites of a prince, which Sima Zhao permits. In the Annals of the Three Young Emperors in the Records, when the Empress Dowager ordered burial with the rites of a commoner, the Grand Tutor Sima Fu, together with Sima Zhao, Gao Rou and Zheng Chong, asked for burial with the rites of a prince, and the Empress Dowager agreed. Resting the head on his thigh and weeping is not in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 114 §15 · 22Records, Wei 4 §102–104
At the abdication: In Chapter 119 of the Romance, Sima Fu weeps before Cao Huan, says he will not turn his back on Wei, and declines the title of Prince of Anping conferred by Sima Yan. Sima Fu does not appear in the abdication passage of Chen Shou's main text, nor is there any record that he was enfeoffed as a prince. Romance, Ch. 119 §44Records, Wei 4 §150
Relationship to Sima Shi: Chapter 109 of the Romance calls Sima Fu Sima Shi's clan uncle. In the Records, the biography of Sima Lang calls Sima Fu Sima Lang's younger brother, and in the biography of Cui Yan, Cui Yan, speaking of Sima Yi, says to Sima Lang, 'your younger brother.' Romance, Ch. 109 §40Records, Wei 15 §26Records, Wei 12 §16
Military affairs: The Sima Fu of the Romance appears only within the court and has no scene in which he commands troops. In Chen Shou's main text, as Grand Commandant he led the central army and lifted the siege of the New City of Hefei, and when Jiang Wei raided Didao he was sent as a follow-up force. Romance, Ch. 78 §35Romance, Ch. 107 §2Romance, Ch. 109 §40Romance, Ch. 114 §15Romance, Ch. 119 §44Records, Wei 28 §19Records, Wei 4 §57
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RAsked that the Duke of Gaogui Village be buried with the rites of a princeWei 4 §103
NWept with Cao Mao's head resting on his thigh, and declined a princely title, saying he would not turn his back on WeiCh. 114 §15Ch. 119 §44
RLed the central army and lifted the siege of the New City of Hefei, and Zhuge Ke withdrewWei 28 §19Wei 4 §35
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Prefect of the Masters of WritingCh. 107 §2
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a senior ministerWei 4 §35
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a civil officialCh. 107 §2
RNo direct record — estimated from the record of his being sent as a follow-up force against Jiang WeiWei 4 §57
NUrged that, on Cao Cao's death, they stop merely weeping and set up a successorCh. 78 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his service as Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Minister of Works and Grand CommandantWei 4 §32
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Prefect of the Masters of WritingCh. 107 §2
RNo direct record — estimated from his service as Grand TutorWei 4 §77
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Grand TutorCh. 114 §15
RJoined in the memorial to remove Cao Shuang and rose as high as Grand TutorWei 9 §83Wei 4 §77
NPressed for a swift accession, and at the abdication declined enfeoffment and withdrewCh. 78 §35Ch. 119 §44
RNo direct record — estimated from the classical citations in the memorialWei 4 §103
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Palace CadetCh. 78 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a senior ministerWei 4 §103
NNo direct record — estimated from his remarks in court deliberationsCh. 109 §40
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a senior ministerWei 4 §32
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a senior ministerCh. 109 §40
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
| Parents | Sima Fang Records |
|---|---|
| Siblings | Sima Lang Records, Sima Yi Romance |
| Children | Sima Wang Records |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).