Zhao Zi 趙咨

RecordsRomance Courtesy name 德度 Dedu조자덕도赵咨

Profile
OccupationROfficial · Chief Commandant NOfficial · Palace GrandeeFaction
AppearsRNBiography in
BornNative placeNanyang Commandery
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR2

Profile

Zhao Zi was an envoy of Wu whom Sun Quan sent to Wei. The Records give him no biography of his own, and he appears once in the Biography of the Lord of Wu (Records of Wu 2). In the year that Liu Bei invaded and reached Wushan and Zigui, Sun Quan sent the Chief Commandant Zhao Zi as envoy to Wei. When the Wei emperor asked what kind of sovereign the King of Wu was, Zhao Zi replied that he was a sovereign intelligent, clear-sighted, benevolent and wise, of grand strategy, and when asked for the substance of this, he explained it point by point, citing the cases of Lu Su, Lü Meng and Yu Jin, the taking of Jing Province, the holding of three provinces, and Sun Quan's bowing before Wei. Records, Wu 2 §39–40

Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, origin, later career or death. In the Romance he appears in Chapter 82 as a Palace Grandee who, as a plan to stop the Shu army, goes to Wei as envoy on his own initiative, praises Sun Quan before Cao Pi and answers every question without faltering, and returns to Eastern Wu together with the Minister of Ceremonies Xing Zhen, bearing the patent of appointment and the Nine Bestowments. He appears in only this one of the 120 chapters, and his name is in no chapter title. Records, Wu 2 §39–40Romance, Ch. 82 §8–12 · 15

In the Records

According to the Biography of the Lord of Wu (Records of Wu 2), after Emperor Wen of Wei took the throne, Sun Quan sent envoys declaring himself a vassal and sent back Yu Jin and others. In the 11th month of the 2nd year of Huangchu (221) Wei issued a decree enfeoffing Sun Quan as King of Wu and sent Xing Zhen, Minister of Ceremonies and Marquis of Gaoping, as Envoy Bearing the Tally, to confer on him the imperial seal and ribbon and the patent of appointment. Records, Wu 2 §31 · 32–33 · 35

In this year Liu Bei led his army to invade and reached Wushan and Zigui, and sent envoys to entice the Man tribes of Wuling, so that the various counties and the people of the Five Streams all rebelled and went over to Shu. Sun Quan made Lu Xun Area Commander to resist him at the head of Zhu Ran, Pan Zhang and others, and sent the Chief Commandant Zhao Zi as envoy to Wei. Records, Wu 2 §39

When the Wei emperor asked, 'What kind of sovereign is the King of Wu?', Zhao Zi replied, 'A sovereign intelligent, clear-sighted, benevolent and wise, of grand strategy.' When the emperor asked for the substance of this, Zhao Zi said that taking in Lu Su from among ordinary men was his intelligence (cong); promoting Lü Meng from the ranks was his clear sight (ming); capturing Yu Jin without harming him was his benevolence (ren); taking Jing Province without staining his blades with blood was his wisdom (zhi); holding three provinces and eyeing the realm like a tiger was his grandeur (xiong); and bowing before Your Majesty was his strategy (lüe). Records, Wu 2 §39–40

Then, when the Wei emperor wished to enfeoff Sun Quan's son Sun Deng, Sun Quan submitted a letter declining the enfeoffment on the grounds that Sun Deng was still young, and again sent the Clerk of the Western Bureau Shen Heng to express his thanks and present local products. These two sections are the only places in Chen Shou's main text where Zhao Zi's name appears, and his courtesy name, origin, later offices and death are not recorded. The assessment of Volume 2 does not deal with him either. Records, Wu 2 §39–40 · 115

In the Romance

In Chapter 82 of the Romance, the First Sovereign rejects the peace that Zhuge Jin has requested, saying that he cannot live under the same sky as the enemy who killed his younger brother. When Sun Quan, hearing this from the returned Zhuge Jin, is greatly alarmed and says that Jiangnan is in danger, the Palace Grandee Zhao Zi steps forward from below the steps. When Sun Quan asks, 'What good plan does Dedu have?', Zhao Zi says that if Sun Quan composes a memorial, he will go as envoy to see Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei, explain the advantages and disadvantages and get him to attack Hanzhong, and then the Shu army will be in danger of its own accord. When Sun Quan tells him not to let Eastern Wu lose face, he answers that if he makes the slightest mistake he will throw himself into the river and die. Romance, Ch. 82 §5 · 7–8

Sun Quan writes a memorial declaring himself a subject and makes Zhao Zi his envoy. Hurrying through the night to Xudu, Zhao Zi first meets the Grand Commandant Jia Xu and others, and at the court audience the next day, when Cao Pi asks, 'What kind of sovereign is the Marquis of Wu?', he answers, 'A sovereign intelligent and clear-sighted, benevolent and wise, of grand ambition and strategy.' Asked whether this is not excessive praise, he cites one by one how Sun Quan took in Lu Su from among ordinary men, promoted Lü Meng from the ranks, captured Yu Jin without harming him, took Jing Province without shedding a drop of blood, holds the Three Rivers and eyes the realm, and has bowed before His Majesty. Romance, Ch. 82 §9–10

When Cao Pi asks whether the Lord of Wu has some learning, Zhao Zi says that Sun Quan reads widely in the classics and histories in his spare time but does not imitate scholars in hunting for passages and plucking out phrases; asked whether an attack on Wu would succeed, he answers that a great state has armies for punitive campaigns and a small state has plans for defense. Asked whether Wu fears Wei, he says that with a million armored troops and the Yangtze and the Han for its moat, there is nothing to fear; asked how many men like the Grandee there are in Eastern Wu, he says there are eighty or ninety men of outstanding intelligence, while those like himself are so many they could be loaded on carts and measured by the peck. Cao Pi exclaims that the saying about one who goes as envoy to the four quarters without disgracing his ruler's command fits him exactly. Romance, Ch. 82 §11–12

Cao Pi at once issues an edict ordering the Minister of Ceremonies Xing Zhen to take the patent of appointment, enfeoff Sun Quan as King of Wu and grant him the Nine Bestowments, and he dismisses the remonstrance of the Grandee Liu Ye that Sun Quan's surrender stems from fear of the Shu army's might. Xing Zhen, together with Zhao Zi, carries the patent and the Nine Bestowments straight to Eastern Wu. Yet even after Sun Quan takes the royal title, the ruler of Wei does not come to his support. This passage in Chapter 82 is the only place in the Romance where Zhao Zi's name appears. Romance, Ch. 82 §12–15 · 19

Where the Romance differs

Office: In Chapter 82 of the Romance Zhao Zi is a Palace Grandee. Chen Shou's main text records that Sun Quan sent him to Wei as Chief Commandant. Romance, Ch. 82 §8Records, Wu 2 §39

Occasion of the mission: In Chapter 82 of the Romance Zhao Zi himself devises the plan of having Wei attack Hanzhong to endanger the Shu army, and becomes the envoy. The Biography of the Lord of Wu in the Records says only that in the year Liu Bei invaded and reached Wushan and Zigui, Sun Quan had Lu Xun resist him and sent Zhao Zi to Wei; there is no mention of trying to have Wei attack Hanzhong. Romance, Ch. 82 §8Records, Wu 2 §39

Relation to the enfeoffment as King of Wu: In Chapter 82 of the Romance, Cao Pi, impressed by Zhao Zi's answers, at once issues an edict enfeoffing Sun Quan as King of Wu, and Xing Zhen goes to Eastern Wu together with Zhao Zi, bearing the patent and the Nine Bestowments. In the Biography of the Lord of Wu in the Records, the decree of the 11th month enfeoffing Sun Quan as King of Wu and the dispatch of Xing Zhen are recorded separately, and the Wei emperor asked Zhao Zi from the start, 'What kind of sovereign is the King of Wu?' There is no statement that Xing Zhen went together with Zhao Zi. Romance, Ch. 82 §12 · 15Records, Wu 2 §33 · 35 · 39

The questions and answers: In Chapter 82 of the Romance Zhao Zi also answers questions about Sun Quan's learning, whether Wu could be attacked, whether Wu fears Wei and how many men like the Grandee there are in Eastern Wu, and hears Cao Pi's words of admiration. Chen Shou's main text has only two exchanges, asking what kind of sovereign the King of Wu was and what the substance of this was. Romance, Ch. 82 §11–12Records, Wu 2 §39–40

Three provinces and the Three Rivers: Zhao Zi in Chapter 82 of the Romance says that Sun Quan 'holds the Three Rivers' and eyes the realm. Zhao Zi in Chen Shou's main text says 'holds three provinces'. Romance, Ch. 82 §10Records, Wu 2 §40

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3131±0
  • STR3131±0
  • INT5560+5
  • POL3838±0
  • CHA4245+3
  • VIR5262+10
  • ADP5055+5
  • SCH4545±0
  • DIP8086+6
  • DIS4040±0
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

VirtueR52UnverifiedN62 +10

RNo direct record — estimated from his replies exalting his lordWu 2 §40

NPledged himself to the mission, vowing to throw himself into the river if he failedCh. 82 §8

9 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWu 2 §39

    NNo direct recordCh. 82 §8

  • StrengthR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWu 2 §39

    NNo direct recordCh. 82 §8

  • IntelligenceR55UnverifiedN60 +5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his answers that grasped the situationWu 2 §40

    NProposed the plan of sending a memorial to Wei to have it attack Hanzhong, which would endanger ShuCh. 82 §8

  • PoliticsR38UnverifiedN38Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWu 2 §39

    NNo direct recordCh. 82 §8

  • CharismaR42UnverifiedN45Unverified +3

    RNo direct recordWu 2 §39

    NNo direct recordCh. 82 §12

  • AdaptabilityR50UnverifiedN55 +5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his replies before the Wei emperorWu 2 §40

    NAnswered boldly that Wu did not fear Wei, upholding its dignityCh. 82 §12

  • ScholarshipR45UnverifiedN45Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWu 2 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 82 §11

  • DiplomacyR80N86 +6

    RBefore the Wei emperor, set out Sun Quan's intelligence, clear sight, benevolence, wisdom, grandeur and strategy point by pointWu 2 §39

    NCao Pi exclaimed that as an envoy he did not disgrace his ruler's commandCh. 82 §10Ch. 82 §15

  • DiscernmentR40UnverifiedN40Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWu 2 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 82 §12

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (1)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Related events (1)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).