Wen Hu 文虎

RecordsRomance Wei 문호

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OccupationRGeneral · General NGeneral · Lieutenant GeneralFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography in
BornNative placeQiao Commandery Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR3

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Wen Hu was the son of Wen Qin. He has no biography of his own in the Records and appears three times, together with Wen Yang, in the account of Zhuge Dan in the Biographies of Wang, Guanqiu, Zhuge, Deng and Zhong in Records of Wei 28. When Zhuge Dan killed Wen Qin at Shouchun in the 3rd year of Ganlu (258), he climbed over the city wall with Wen Yang and gave himself up to the General-in-Chief Sima Zhao; he was pardoned, made a general and granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. After Shouchun was pacified, he was allowed to collect his father's body and bury it in the old family tomb. Records, Wei 28 §37 · 39–41 · 47

Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, his later career or his death, nor does it assess him. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 111 as one of the two sons of Wen Qin, who has joined forces with Zhuge Dan, and he appears in 2 of its 120 chapters, Chapters 111 and 112; no chapter has his name in its title. In Chapter 112, when his father is beheaded by Zhuge Dan, he and Wen Yang kill dozens of men with short swords, leap down from the city wall and surrender to the Wei camp. Records, Wei 28 §40–41 · 47Romance, Ch. 111 §36Romance, Ch. 112 §12

In the Records

In the 5th month of the 2nd year of Ganlu (257), when Zhuge Dan was summoned to be Minister of Works, he rebelled at Shouchun. Wu sent Quan Yi, Quan Duan, Tang Zi and others with 30,000 men to come secretly together with Wen Qin in support of Zhuge Dan, and Tang Zi, Wen Qin and the others, making use of the hills and rugged terrain to the northeast of the city, led their men into the city. In the 6th month the General-in-Chief Sima Wenwang (Sima Zhao), commanding 260,000 troops from the capital and the provinces, reached the Huai River and had Wang Ji, Chen Qian and others surround Shouchun on all four sides, so that the siege lines formed a double ring, inner and outer. Records, Wei 28 §35–37

In the 1st month of the 3rd year of Ganlu (258), Zhuge Dan, Wen Qin, Tang Zi and the others built siege engines on a large scale and attacked the southern siege lines, but failed to break through and went back into the city. When food in the city ran out, Wen Qin proposed sending out all the northerners to save food and holding out firmly together with the men of Wu, but Zhuge Dan would not listen, and they quarreled and resented each other. The two, who had long been at odds, grew ever more suspicious of each other as matters became urgent, and when Wen Qin came to see Zhuge Dan to discuss affairs, Zhuge Dan finally killed him. Records, Wei 28 §39–40

Wen Qin's sons Wen Yang and Wen Hu were in the small fortress commanding troops; on hearing of Wen Qin's death they put their troops in order and rushed to him, but the men would not follow them. The two fled alone, climbed over the city wall and gave themselves up to the General-in-Chief. When the army officers asked to have them executed, the General-in-Chief issued an order saying that Wen Qin's crimes could not be atoned for even by death and his sons ought by rights to be put to death, but that Wen Yang and Wen Hu had come to entrust their lives to him in desperation, and since the city had not yet fallen, killing them would only harden the resolve of those inside. Records, Wei 28 §40

So he pardoned Wen Yang and Wen Hu and had them lead several hundred horsemen riding around the city, calling out to those inside, 'Even the sons of Wen Qin have not been killed; what do the rest of you have to fear?' He memorialized that the two be made generals, and each was granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. Those in the city were pleased yet unsettled, and when the General-in-Chief came to the siege lines in person and advanced his troops from all four sides, no one in the city dared move. Zhuge Dan tried to break out through a small city gate and was beheaded by the troops of Hu Fen, Major under the General-in-Chief. Records, Wei 28 §41–42

Of those in Huainan who had been coerced or carried off by Zhuge Dan, only the ringleaders of the rebellion were executed and all the rest were pardoned, and Wen Yang and Wen Hu were allowed to collect Wen Qin's body and were given carts and oxen to bury him in the old family tomb. In Chen Shou's main text these three passages are the only places where Wen Hu appears; his courtesy name, his later career and his death are not recorded, and there is no assessment of him. Records, Wei 28 §47 · 40–41

In the Romance

In Chapter 111 of the Romance, Zhuge Dan raises troops to attack Sima Zhao and sends his son Zhuge Jing to Wu as a hostage to ask for aid. Sun Chen sends 70,000 troops, with Quan Yi and Quan Duan as commanders, Zhu Yi and Tang Zi as the vanguard, and Wen Qin as guide. When the Wu vanguard Zhu Yi and Tang Zi are defeated one after the other by Wang Ji of Wei, Zhuge Dan in person leads the picked troops of his own command and, joining Wen Qin and his two sons Wen Yang and Wen Hu, comes out with tens of thousands of strong troops to meet Sima Zhao. Romance, Ch. 111 §30 · 32 · 36

In Chapter 112, as the provisions inside Shouchun gradually run out, Wen Qin, who has been holding the small fortress together with his two sons, sees the soldiers collapsing from hunger and tells Zhuge Dan that they should send all the northern troops out of the city to save food. Zhuge Dan, asking whether he means to do him harm, has his attendants drag Wen Qin out and behead him. Seeing their father killed, Wen Yang and Wen Hu each draw a short sword and kill dozens of men on the spot, leap onto the city wall, jump down in a single bound, cross the moat and go to the Wei camp to surrender. Romance, Ch. 112 §12

Sima Zhao, resenting Wen Yang for having once driven back his army single-handed, wants to behead him, but Zhong Hui remonstrates that the crime lay with Wen Qin, that the two sons have come over because they were at the end of their resources, and that killing generals who have surrendered would only harden the resolve of those in the city. Sima Zhao calls Wen Yang and Wen Hu into his tent, soothes them with kind words, gives them fine horses and brocade robes, makes them Lieutenant Generals and enfeoffs them as Marquis Within the Passes. When the two ride around the city calling on its people to surrender quickly, those in the city say that even Wen Yang, an enemy of the Sima family, has been given high office, and all want to surrender. Romance, Ch. 112 §13–14

Where the Romance differs

Why Wen Qin died: In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Wen Qin proposes sending out the northern troops and is dragged off and beheaded on the spot at Zhuge Dan's order. In the Records too, that proposal is the start of their quarrel, but Wen Qin was killed later, when, as matters grew urgent and the two became ever more suspicious of each other, he came to see Zhuge Dan to discuss affairs. Romance, Ch. 112 §12Records, Wei 28 §39–40

How he came over: In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Wen Yang and Wen Hu kill dozens of men on the spot with short swords, leap down from the city wall, cross the moat and surrender. In the Records, the two were in the small fortress, put their troops in order and rushed out, but the men would not follow them, so they fled alone and climbed over the city wall to give themselves up. Romance, Ch. 112 §12Records, Wei 28 §40

The words that saved them: In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Zhong Hui remonstrates with Sima Zhao, who wants to behead Wen Yang, and the two are spared. In the Records, when the army officers asked to have them executed, the General-in-Chief himself issued an order saying that killing them would only harden the resolve of those in the city. Romance, Ch. 112 §13Records, Wei 28 §40

Office and rank: In Chapter 112 of the Romance, Sima Zhao gives the two fine horses and brocade robes, makes them Lieutenant Generals and enfeoffs them as Marquis Within the Passes. In the Records, a memorial was submitted making the two generals, and each was granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. Romance, Ch. 112 §13Records, Wei 28 §41

Their father's burial: The Records state that after Shouchun was pacified, Wen Yang and Wen Hu were allowed to collect Wen Qin's body and bury him in the old family tomb. This does not appear in Chapter 112 of the Romance. Records, Wei 28 §47Romance, Ch. 112 §12–14

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA4242±0
  • STR4262+20
  • INT3835−3
  • POL3331−2
  • CHA3038+8
  • VIR4042+2
  • ADP5858±0
  • SCH3131±0
  • DIP4242±0
  • DIS3331−2
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

StrengthR42UnverifiedN62 +20

RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

NKilled dozens with a short sword and leapt down from the city wallCh. 112 §12

9 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR42UnverifiedN42Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

    NNo direct record — took the field together with his fatherCh. 111 §36

  • IntelligenceR38UnverifiedN35Unverified −3

    RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 112 §12

  • PoliticsR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 112 §13

  • CharismaR30N38Unverified +8

    RPut his troops in order and rushed out, but the men would not followWei 28 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 112 §13

  • VirtueR40UnverifiedN42Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

    NNo direct record — surrendered to the enemy camp after his father was killedCh. 112 §12

  • AdaptabilityR58N58 ±0

    RCame over alone across the city wall, was pardoned and became a general and Marquis Within the PassesWei 28 §40Wei 28 §41

    NSurrendered to Wei when cornered and became Lieutenant General and Marquis Within the PassesCh. 112 §12Ch. 112 §13

  • ScholarshipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 112 §13

  • DiplomacyR42N42 ±0

    RLed horsemen around the city, calling out to those insideWei 28 §41

    NRode around the city calling for surrenderCh. 112 §13

  • DiscernmentR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — estimated from his holding the small fortress with Wen YangWei 28 §40

    NNo direct recordCh. 112 §13

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (2)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Wei · Romance · Romance ch. 111 「诸葛诞自引本部锐兵,会合文钦并二子文鸯、文虎,雄兵数万,来敌司马昭」 · Q124654244

Family

ParentsWen Qin Novel & History
SiblingsWen Yang Romance

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.