Lu Zhi 盧植

RecordsRomance Eastern Han Courtesy name 子幹 Zigan노식자간卢植

Profile
OccupationRScholar · Administrator of Jiujiang NGeneral · General of the HouseholdFactionEastern Han
AppearsRNBiography in
BornR? UnverifiedNative placeZhuo Commandery
DiedR192 UnverifiedPlace of death
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR7

Profile

Lu Zhi was a man of Zhuo Commandery. He has no biography of his own in Chen Shou's main text, and his name appears once each in the Biography of the First Sovereign in Records of Shu 2 and in the accounts of Gongsun Zan and Lu Yu in Records of Wei 8 and 22. The Biography of the First Sovereign describes him as a former Administrator of Jiujiang from the same commandery as Liu Bei, and says that the fifteen-year-old Liu Bei served him together with Liu Deran of the same clan and Gongsun Zan of Liaoxi. In the account of Gongsun Zan as well, Administrator Hou sent Gongsun Zan to Lu Zhi of Zhuo Commandery to study the classics. Records, Shu 2 §4Records, Wei 8 §2

The account of his son Lu Yu says that his father Lu Zhi had a name in the world, and records that Lu Yu lost his father at the age of ten. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 1 and appears in 3 of the 120 chapters, but his name is not in any chapter title. In Chapter 1 he appears as a General of the Household attacking the Yellow Turbans and takes in his former student Liu Bei, and in Chapter 3 he opposes Dong Zhuo's deposing and enthroning of emperors. Records, Wei 22 §90Romance, Ch. 1 §12 · 33Romance, Ch. 3 §32–33

In the Records

Lu Zhi has no biography of his own in Chen Shou's main text. According to the Biography of the First Sovereign in Records of Shu 2, Liu Bei, a man of Zhuo County in Zhuo Commandery, was sent by his mother to study at the age of fifteen, and together with Liu Deran of the same clan and Gongsun Zan of Liaoxi he served Lu Zhi, a former Administrator of Jiujiang from the same commandery. Gongsun Zan became a close friend of Liu Bei, and since Gongsun Zan was older, Liu Bei treated him as an elder brother. Records, Shu 2 §2 · 4

According to the account of Gongsun Zan in the Biographies of the Two Gongsuns, Tao and the Four Zhangs in Records of Wei 8, Gongsun Zan, a man of Lingzhi in Liaoxi, became a clerk in the commandery office, and because he was handsome and had a resounding voice, Administrator Hou thought highly of him, gave him his daughter in marriage and sent him to Lu Zhi of Zhuo Commandery to study the classics. Gongsun Zan later became a commandery official again. Records, Wei 8 §2

The account of Lu Yu in the Biographies of Huan, the Two Chens, Xu, Wei and Lu in Records of Wei 22 records that Lu Yu was a man of Zhuo County in Zhuo Commandery and that his father Lu Zhi had a name in the world. Lu Yu lost his father at the age of ten, disorder broke out in his home province, and his two elder brothers died in the turmoil. When Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan were fighting each other and famine struck You and Ji Provinces, Lu Yu supported his widowed sister-in-law and his orphaned nephews. Records, Wei 22 §90

In Chen Shou's main text, Lu Zhi's name appears only in these three places. His courtesy name, his career apart from Administrator of Jiujiang and the year of his death are not recorded, and the assessment of Records of Wei 22 discusses only his son Lu Yu and does not treat Lu Zhi separately. Records, Shu 2 §4Records, Wei 8 §2Records, Wei 22 §90 · 108

In the Romance

In Chapter 1 of the Romance, when the Yellow Turbans following Zhang Jue reach four or five hundred thousand, He Jin has the emperor hastily issue an edict and at the same time sends the Generals of the Household Lu Zhi, Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun, each leading picked troops, to attack them along three separate routes. The Romance says that Liu Bei, studying away from home at the age of fifteen, took Zheng Xuan and Lu Zhi as his teachers and became friends with Gongsun Zan and others. Romance, Ch. 1 §12 · 16

In the same chapter, Liu Bei hears that the General of the Household Lu Zhi is fighting Zhang Jue at Guangzong, and saying that he once served him as his teacher and will go to help him, he leads his five hundred followers to Guangzong together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Lu Zhi is overjoyed and keeps them in front of his tent. When Zhang Jue's band of one hundred and fifty thousand and Lu Zhi's fifty thousand troops face each other without a decision, Lu Zhi tells Liu Bei that Zhang Jue's younger brothers Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao (張寶) are facing Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun at Yingchuan, gives him an additional thousand government troops, and has him go to Yingchuan to observe the situation and fix a day to attack together. Romance, Ch. 1 §33–34

On his way back from Yingchuan to Guangzong, Liu Bei meets Lu Zhi being escorted as a prisoner in a cage cart. Lu Zhi says that he had surrounded Zhang Jue and was about to crush him, but could not win at once because Zhang Jue used sorcery, and that when the Eunuch of the Yellow Gate Zuo Feng, who came to inspect, demanded a bribe, he answered that even the army's provisions were short, so where would he find money to offer the imperial envoy. Zuo Feng, bearing a grudge, reported that Lu Zhi only built his ramparts high and did not fight, making the army slack, so the court had the General of the Household Dong Zhuo take over command of his troops and had Lu Zhi brought back to the capital to answer for his crime. When Zhang Fei tries to cut down the escorting soldiers and rescue Lu Zhi, Liu Bei stops him. In Chapter 2, Huangfu Song submits a memorial saying that Lu Zhi has merit and no guilt, and the court restores Lu Zhi to his original office. Romance, Ch. 1 §42–44Romance, Ch. 2 §9

In Chapter 3, when He Jin plans to summon Dong Zhuo to the capital, Lu Zhi remonstrates that he has long known Dong Zhuo's character, that he looks kindly on the outside but is ruthless within, and that once he enters the palace he will surely cause disaster, so he should be stopped from coming. When He Jin does not listen, Zheng Tai and Lu Zhi are said to have both resigned their offices and left, but when the upheaval breaks out in the palace, Lu Zhi, who has resigned but not yet left, stands below the pavilion in armor holding a spear. When he sees Duan Gui in the distance dragging Empress He along by force, Lu Zhi loudly rebukes him, and when Duan Gui turns and flees, he hurriedly rescues the Empress Dowager, who has jumped out of a window. Romance, Ch. 3 §4–5 · 15

In the same chapter, when Dong Zhuo gathers the officials at a banquet, says he intends to depose the emperor and set up the Prince of Chenliu, and asks whether his words accord with justice, Lu Zhi cites the examples of Yi Yin, who confined the unenlightened Tai Jia in the Tong Palace (桐宮), and Huo Guang, who deposed the Prince of Changyi. He then retorts that the present emperor, though young, has not the slightest fault, that Dong Zhuo, as an inspector from a provincial post, has never taken part in the government of the state and has no great talent like Yi Yin and Huo Guang, and that without the intent of Yi Yin it is usurpation. When Dong Zhuo flies into a rage, draws his sword and tries to kill him, the Palace Attendant Cai Yong and the Court Gentleman for Consultation Peng Bo remonstrate that Master of Writing Lu is a man the whole realm looks up to, and that harming him first would make the realm tremble with fear, and Dong Zhuo stops. In the Romance, Lu Zhi does not appear again after this scene. Romance, Ch. 3 §28–29 · 32–33

Where the Romance differs

Liu Bei's teacher: Chapter 1 of the Romance says that at the age of fifteen Liu Bei took Zheng Xuan and Lu Zhi as his teachers. The Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records says only that Liu Bei served Lu Zhi together with Liu Deran of the same clan and Gongsun Zan of Liaoxi, and Zheng Xuan does not appear. Romance, Ch. 1 §16Records, Shu 2 §4

The campaign against the Yellow Turbans: In Chapter 1 of the Romance, Lu Zhi, as General of the Household, surrounds Zhang Jue at Guangzong, and Liu Bei comes to his camp and receives his orders. In Chen Shou's main text, Lu Zhi's name appears only in three places, the Biography of the First Sovereign and the accounts of Gongsun Zan and Lu Yu, and his attack on the Yellow Turbans is not recorded. In the Biography of the First Sovereign, Liu Bei leads his own followers, follows the Colonel Zou Jing in attacking the Yellow Turbans and wins merit. Romance, Ch. 1 §33–34Records, Shu 2 §4 · 6Records, Wei 8 §2Records, Wei 22 §90

Arrest and reinstatement: In Chapter 1 of the Romance, Lu Zhi, having refused a bribe, is slandered by Zuo Feng and taken to the capital in a cage cart, and in Chapter 2 he regains his original office through Huangfu Song's memorial. This episode is not in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 1 §43–44Romance, Ch. 2 §9Records, Shu 2 §4Records, Wei 8 §2Records, Wei 22 §90

The remonstrance to He Jin and the upheaval in the palace: In Chapter 3 of the Romance, Lu Zhi remonstrates with He Jin not to summon Dong Zhuo, and during the upheaval in the palace he rebukes Duan Gui and rescues Empress He. The account of Dong Zhuo in the Biographies of Dong Zhuo, the Two Yuans and Liu Biao in Records of Wei 6 of the Records records only that He Jin summoned Dong Zhuo to lead his troops to the capital, and that when He Jin fell before Dong Zhuo arrived, the Regular Palace Attendant Duan Gui and others seized the emperor and fled to Xiaoping Ford; Lu Zhi does not appear. Romance, Ch. 3 §4–5 · 15Records, Wei 6 §5–6

Opposing the deposition: In Chapter 3 of the Romance, Lu Zhi nearly dies opposing Dong Zhuo's proposal to depose the emperor, and his life is saved by the intervention of Cai Yong and Peng Bo. The account of Dong Zhuo in the Records records only that Dong Zhuo deposed the emperor, made him Prince of Hongnong and set up the Prince of Chenliu, and names no one who opposed it. Romance, Ch. 3 §32–33Records, Wei 6 §8

Offices: The Romance calls him General of the Household in Chapter 1 and Master of Writing Lu in Chapter 3. The only office Chen Shou's main text records for him is 'former Administrator of Jiujiang'. Romance, Ch. 1 §12Romance, Ch. 3 §33Records, Shu 2 §4

Later years: In the Romance, Lu Zhi does not appear after Chapter 3, and his death is not recorded. Chen Shou's main text only records, in the account of Lu Yu, that Lu Yu lost his father at the age of ten, and does not state the year of Lu Zhi's death. Romance, Ch. 3 §33Records, Wei 22 §90

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA4566+21
  • STR3552+17
  • INT4564+19
  • POL5045−5
  • CHA5570+15
  • VIR5088+38
  • ADP4545±0
  • SCH7266−6
  • DIP4062+22
  • DIS4552+7
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

VirtueR50UnverifiedN88 +38

RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a Confucian scholarShu 2 §4

NRefused the imperial envoy's demand for a bribe and opposed Dong Zhuo's deposition of the emperorCh. 1 §43Ch. 3 §32

DiplomacyR40UnverifiedN62 +22

RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a Confucian scholarShu 2 §4

NRefuted Dong Zhuo's deposition with the precedents of Yi Yin and Huo GuangCh. 3 §32Ch. 3 §33

LeadershipR45UnverifiedN66 +21

RNo direct record — estimated from his post as former Administrator of JiujiangShu 2 §4

NSurrounded Zhang Jue's 150,000 with 50,000 and was about to crush themCh. 1 §34Ch. 1 §43

IntelligenceR45UnverifiedN64 +19

RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a Confucian scholarShu 2 §4

NKnew Dong Zhuo's character and remonstrated against letting him into the capitalCh. 3 §4

StrengthR35UnverifiedN52 +17

RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a Confucian scholarShu 2 §4

NIn armor and with spear in hand, drove off Duan Gui and rescued the Empress DowagerCh. 3 §15

CharismaR55N70 +15

RGongsun Zan, Liu Bei and others came to study under himWei 8 §2Shu 2 §4

NA man the whole realm looked up to, so even Dong Zhuo could not harm himCh. 3 §33

4 similar abilities — show evidence
  • PoliticsR50UnverifiedN45Unverified −5

    RNo direct record — estimated from his career as Administrator of JiujiangShu 2 §4

    NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingCh. 3 §32

  • AdaptabilityR45UnverifiedN45 ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a Confucian scholarShu 2 §4

    NWas slandered for refusing a bribe, and resigned his office when his remonstrance was rejectedCh. 1 §44Ch. 3 §5

  • ScholarshipR72N66 −6

    RGongsun Zan studied the classics under himWei 8 §2

    NLiu Bei served him as his teacherCh. 1 §16

  • DiscernmentR45UnverifiedN52 +7

    RNo direct record — estimated from his standing as a Confucian scholarShu 2 §4

    NTook in Liu Bei and sent him to Yingchuan with a thousand government troopsCh. 1 §34

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (3)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Eastern Han · Records · Records vol. 22 「徵博士,出補九江太守」

Family

ChildrenLu Yu(盧毓) Records

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.

Related events (1)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).