Yong Kai 雍闓

Yong Kai was a member of a great clan of Yizhou Commandery. According to the biography of Zhang Yi, before this Yizhou Commandery had killed its Administrator Zheng Ang, and Yong Kai, chief of the local powerful clans, whose kindness and good faith were well known in the southern lands, sent envoys back and forth and was in distant contact with Sun Quan. The biography of Bu Zhi records that Yong Kai and others of the great clans of Yi Province killed Zheng Ang, the Administrator appointed by Shu. Records, Shu 3 §4Records, Shu 11 §21Records, Wu 7 §72

The First Sovereign (Liu Bei) then made Zhang Yi Administrator of Yizhou Commandery and had him go straight to the commandery to take up his post. Yong Kai, however, hesitated and would not submit, and, pretending to pass on the teaching of spirits, said, 'Lord Zhang is like a gourd jug: glossy outside but truly coarse inside, not even worth killing. Tie him up and hand him over to Wu.' And so he sent Zhang Yi to Sun Quan. The Biography of the Later Sovereign also records this, saying that Yong Kai of a great clan of Yizhou Commandery rebelled, banished the Administrator Zhang Yi to Wu, and held the commandery without submitting. Records, Shu 11 §21–22Records, Shu 3 §4

When Liu Zhang died, Yong Kai, chief of the powerful clans of Nanzhong, rebelled with Yizhou Commandery as his base and attached himself to Wu. Sun Quan in turn made Liu Zhang's son Liu Chan Inspector of Yi Province and stationed him on the border between Jiao and Yi Provinces. Records, Shu 1 §19

According to the Records of Wu, after killing Zheng Ang, Yong Kai and the others exchanged word with Shi Xie and asked to submit, and Bu Zhi, exercising the imperial authority, sent envoys to proclaim favor and pacified and received them. The Biography of Shi Xie records that when Shi Xie induced Yong Kai and others of the powerful clans of Yi Province to lead the people of their commandery to attach themselves from afar to the east, Sun Quan esteemed Shi Xie all the more, promoted him to General of the Guards and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Longbian. Records, Wu 7 §72Records, Wu 4 §44

When the First Sovereign died, Gao Ding ran wild in Yuexi, Yong Kai ran rampant in Jianning, and Zhu Bao rebelled in Zangke. The Biography of the Later Sovereign records that Yong Kai rebelled before Zhu Bao rebelled in the summer of the 1st year of Jianxing (223). Records, Shu 13 §15Records, Shu 3 §4

When Yong Kai and the others heard that the First Sovereign had died at Yong'an, they grew even more arrogant and cunning. The Protector-General Li Yan sent him a letter of six sheets explaining where his advantage and harm lay, but Yong Kai answered with only a single sheet: 'I have heard that there are not two suns in the sky nor two kings on earth, yet now the realm stands like the three legs of a tripod and there are three calendars, so people in distant parts are afraid and do not know where to turn.' Records, Shu 13 §20–21

Yong Kai also surrendered to Wu, and Wu, from afar, appointed him Administrator of Yongchang. Yongchang lay west of Yizhou Commandery, its roads were blocked and it was cut off from Shu, and Lü Kai, an official of the commandery, together with the Assistant of the Commandery Wang Kang, led the officials and people, closed the borders and held off Yong Kai. When Yong Kai repeatedly sent proclamations to Yongchang, Lü Kai, addressing him as 'General' in his reply, rebuked him, asking how a man whose family had for generations received the favor of Han could submit as a subject to Wu and Yue, and urged him to change his mind, pointing out that the general's ancestor, Marquis Yong, had been enfeoffed even though he had incurred resentment. Records, Shu 13 §21–22 · 24

In the 3rd month, in spring, of the 3rd year of Jianxing (225), the Chancellor Zhuge Liang campaigned against the four southern commanderies. When Zhuge Liang had set out and was on his way to attack Yong Kai, Yong Kai had already been killed by Gao Ding's followers. In a memorial submitted on reaching the south, Zhuge Liang said that Yong Kai and Gao Ding had pressed on Yongchang from the northeast, but Lü Kai and the others had held to righteousness and had no dealings with them. That year the four commanderies were all pacified, and Yizhou Commandery was renamed Jianning Commandery. Records, Shu 3 §6Records, Shu 13 §27