RRecorded as a benevolent and careful man of the older generationWu 8 §39
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
| Occupation | RNOfficial · Minister of Ceremonies | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Lingling Commandery | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R11 |
Lai Gong was a man of Lingling. Liu Biao, Governor of Jing Province, sent him to Jiao Province to replace Zhang Jin, but he fell out with Wu Ju, Administrator of Cangwu, who had gone with him, and was driven out and returned to Lingling. When Liu Bei became King of Hanzhong, he was appointed Minister of Ceremonies as a veteran scholar of Jing and Chu. Records, Wu 4 §41 · 43Records, Shu 15 §49
Before Liu Bei took the imperial throne, Lai Gong submitted a letter asking him to do so together with Xu Jing, Mi Zhu, Zhuge Liang and others, and after Liu Bei's death he deliberated with Zhuge Liang on giving Lady Gan the posthumous title Empress Zhaolie. Chen Shou wrote that he composed no biographies for Lai Gong, Huang Zhu and Wang Mou because their deeds had not been handed down. Records, Shu 2 §60Records, Shu 4 §4–6Records, Shu 15 §50
The Records give no assessment of him. In the Romance his name appears once, in Chapter 80, as 'Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong' among the officials who ask the King of Hanzhong to take the imperial throne; he appears in 1 of its 120 chapters, and his name is not in any chapter title. Records, Shu 15 §50Romance, Ch. 80 §37
After Zhu Fu died, the Han sent Zhang Jin as Inspector of Jiao Province, but Zhang Jin was later killed by his own general Ou Jing. Liu Biao, Governor of Jing Province, then sent Lai Gong of Lingling to replace Zhang Jin. At this time Shi Huang, Administrator of Cangwu, died, and Liu Biao also sent Wu Ju to replace him, and Wu Ju arrived together with Lai Gong. When the Han court heard that Zhang Jin had died, it issued Shi Xie an edict under the imperial seal saying that the rebel Liu Biao had again sent Lai Gong to spy on the southern lands, and made Shi Xie General of the Household Who Pacifies the South to supervise seven commanderies. Records, Wu 4 §41
Later Wu Ju and Lai Gong fell out, and when Wu Ju raised troops and drove Lai Gong away, Lai Gong fled back to Lingling. In the 15th year of Jian'an (210) Sun Quan sent Bu Zhi as Inspector of Jiao Province. Xue Zong later wrote, in a memorial discussing the affairs of Jiao Province, that Lai Gong of Lingling was a benevolent and careful man of the older generation but did not understand the affairs of the times, that Wu Ju, a rash and fierce military man, would not submit to him, so that they came to resent each other and Wu Ju drove him out, and that this was why Bu Zhi was requested. Records, Wu 4 §43Records, Wu 8 §32 · 39
In the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an (219), when the ministers proposed Liu Bei as King of Hanzhong and submitted a memorial to the Han emperor, Lai Gong, General Who Guards Distant Regions, put his name among the 120 signatories, who included Ma Chao, General Who Pacifies the West; Xu Jing, Chief Clerk to the General of the Left; Zhuge Liang, Military Adviser General; Guan Yu, General Who Sweeps Away Bandits; Zhang Fei, General Who Subdues Barbarians; Huang Zhong, General Who Conquers the West; Fa Zheng, General Who Displays Martial Might; and Li Yan, General Who Promotes Enterprise. When Liu Bei became King of Hanzhong, he made Lai Gong of Lingling, a veteran scholar of Jing and Chu, Minister of Ceremonies, Huang Zhu of Nanyang Superintendent of the Imperial Household, and Wang Mou Minister Steward. Records, Shu 2 §38 · 40Records, Shu 15 §49
After Cao Pi usurped the imperial throne, the Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong, together with the Grand Tutor Xu Jing, the General Who Pacifies the Han Mi Zhu, the Military Adviser General Zhuge Liang, the Superintendent of the Imperial Household Huang Zhu, the Minister Steward Wang Mou and others, submitted a letter saying that Cao Pi had destroyed the house of Han and stolen the sacred vessels, so that men and spirits alike longed for the Liu clan, and that more than eight hundred ministers had submitted letters one after another, all speaking of the confirmation given by auspicious omens and prophetic texts. They asked to establish the rites together with the Erudite Xu Ci and the Consultant Meng Guang, choose an auspicious day and offer him the imperial title, and in the 4th month of the 26th year of Jian'an (221) Liu Bei took the imperial throne south of Wudan in Chengdu. Records, Shu 2 §60 · 64–65
In the 2nd year of Zhangwu (222) Liu Bei conferred on Lady Gan, who had been buried in Nan Commandery, the posthumous title Lady Huangsi and had her reburied in Shu, but he died before her coffin arrived. The Chancellor Zhuge Liang memorialized that, having deliberated with the Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong and others, citing the words of the Book of Rites, 'establishing love begins with one's parents,' and the principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals that 'a mother is honored through her son,' and having examined the rules for posthumous names with Lai Gong and others, she should properly be called Empress Zhaolie and be buried together with the late emperor. The imperial reply was, 'Approved.' Records, Shu 4 §3–7
Wang Mou was granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes at the beginning of Jianxing and later replaced Lai Gong as Minister of Ceremonies. Chen Shou wrote that he composed no biographies for Lai Gong, Huang Zhu or Wang Mou because none of their deeds had been handed down. Lai Gong's son Lai Hong became Clerk of the Western Bureau of the Chancellor and was with Zhuge Liang in Hanzhong, but died young; Zhuge Liang grieved for him deeply and wrote to Zhang Yi, Chief Clerk of the Rear Headquarters, and the Army Adviser Jiang Wan: 'Among the clerks we have lost Lai Hong, and among the officials we have lost Yang Yong; this is a great loss to the court.' Records, Shu 15 §49–50
In Chapter 80 of the Romance, when Cao Pi usurps the imperial throne, Zhuge Liang urges the King of Hanzhong to take the throne, then stays away on the pretext of illness, and urges him again when the King of Hanzhong comes to see him in person. When the King of Hanzhong says they should proceed once the Military Adviser has recovered, Zhuge Liang springs up from his couch and strikes the screen once. At that the civil and military officials waiting outside come in, prostrate themselves and ask him to choose a day and perform the great ceremony, and among them the Romance lists 'Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong' together with the Grand Tutor Xu Jing, the General Who Pacifies the Han Mi Zhu, the Attendant Officer Yang Hong, the Minister of the Household Huang Quan and others. This is the only time Lai Gong appears in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 80 §31–37
Urging the accession: In Chapter 80 of the Romance, Lai Gong is named as 'Minister of Ceremonies' among the officials who come in on the signal of Zhuge Liang striking the screen, prostrate themselves and ask for the great ceremony. In the Records, the Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong, together with Xu Jing, Mi Zhu, Zhuge Liang, Huang Zhu, Wang Mou and others, submitted a letter asking him to take the throne, citing the confirmation given by auspicious omens and prophetic texts. Romance, Ch. 80 §37Records, Shu 2 §60
Proclaiming the King of Hanzhong: In Chapter 73 of the Romance, Lai Gong does not appear in the scene in which Liu Bei builds an altar at Mianyang and becomes King of Hanzhong. In the Records, in the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Lai Gong, General Who Guards Distant Regions, put his name among the 120 signatories of the memorial proclaiming Liu Bei King of Hanzhong, and when Liu Bei became King of Hanzhong he became Minister of Ceremonies. Romance, Ch. 73 §8–9Records, Shu 2 §40Records, Shu 15 §49
Jiao Province: In the Romance Lai Gong appears only in Chapter 80, and there is no account of his going to Jiao Province. In the Records, Liu Biao, Governor of Jing Province, sent him to replace Zhang Jin, but he was driven out by Wu Ju, Administrator of Cangwu, and returned to Lingling. Romance, Ch. 80 §37Records, Wu 4 §41 · 43
Lady Gan's posthumous title: The Romance has no account of Lai Gong deliberating on Lady Gan's posthumous title. In the Records, after Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang memorialized, having deliberated with the Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong and others, that Lady Gan be given the posthumous title Empress Zhaolie and be buried together with Liu Bei. Romance, Ch. 80 §37Records, Shu 4 §4–6
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RRecorded as a benevolent and careful man of the older generationWu 8 §39
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RAppointed Minister of Ceremonies as a veteran scholar of Jing and ChuShu 15 §49
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RAs Minister of Ceremonies, consulted the Book of Rites and the rules for posthumous names to settle a posthumous titleShu 4 §5Shu 4 §6
NNo direct record — estimated from his duties as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RDriven out by Wu Ju in Jiao Province and fled to LinglingWu 4 §43Wu 8 §39
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated as a civil officialWu 4 §43
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RRecorded as benevolent and careful but not understanding the affairs of the timesWu 8 §39
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his posting to Jiao Province and his duties as Minister of CeremoniesWu 4 §41Shu 15 §49
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RBuilt up resentment with Wu Ju and was driven outWu 4 §43Wu 8 §39
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his signing the memorial urging the accessionShu 2 §60
NNo direct record — estimated from his part in urging the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsShu 15 §50
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Minister of CeremoniesCh. 80 §37
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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