RNo direct record — estimated from the record of his fighting on Liu Zhang's sideShu 2 §32
NCursed those urging surrender from the city wall and was killed by Zhang YiCh. 64 §26
Liu Gui 劉璝
| Occupation | RNGeneral | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Died | Place of death | NLuo County | |
| Cause of death | NKilled Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R2 |
Profile
Liu Gui was a general of Liu Zhang, Governor of Yi Province. He has no biography of his own in the Records, and his name appears once in the Biography of the First Sovereign. When Liu Bei fell out with Liu Zhang and seized Fu County, Liu Zhang sent Liu Gui, Leng Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian and others to resist Liu Bei at Fu, but they were all defeated and fell back to hold Mianzhu. Chen Shou's main text records neither what happened to him afterward nor his courtesy name, origin, birth or death. Records, Shu 2 §31–32
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 60 as one of the officers who warn Liu Zhang to be on guard against Liu Bei, and he appears in 5 of its 120 chapters; no chapter title bears his name. In Chapter 62 he asks Zixu Shangren of Mount Jinping about the future, and in Chapter 64, while defending Luo City (雒城), he is killed on the city wall by the sword of Zhang Yi. Romance, Ch. 60 §65–66Romance, Ch. 62 §28–31Romance, Ch. 64 §26
In the Records
In the 16th year of Jian'an (211) Liu Zhang, Governor of Yi Province, heard that Cao Cao meant to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong and grew afraid; on Zhang Song's advice he sent Fa Zheng to invite Liu Bei in. After meeting Liu Zhang at Fu County, Liu Bei went north to Jiameng. Records, Shu 2 §27–29
The following year, when Liu Bei asked for troops and supplies, saying he would go east, Liu Zhang gave him only part of them, and when Zhang Song's conspiracy came to light and Liu Zhang beheaded him, a rift opened between the two. Liu Bei beheaded Liu Zhang's Commander of the Baishui Army, Yang Huai, entered the pass and seized Fu County. Liu Zhang sent Liu Gui, Leng Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian and others to resist Liu Bei at Fu, but they were all defeated and fell back to hold Mianzhu. Records, Shu 2 §30–32
Liu Zhang then sent Li Yan to supervise the armies at Mianzhu, but Li Yan led his men over to Liu Bei. Liu Bei besieged Luo City (雒城); held by Liu Zhang's son Liu Xun, the city fell in the summer of the 19th year of Jian'an (214), after nearly a year under attack. Chen Shou's main text does not record what became of Liu Gui in this fighting, nor does it give his courtesy name, origin, birth or death. Records, Shu 2 §32–33
In the Romance
In Chapter 60 of the Romance, when Liu Zhang, having met Liu Bei, rejoices that he is truly a man of benevolence and righteousness, his officers Liu Gui, Leng Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian and others warn him that Liu Bei has firmness beneath his gentleness and his heart cannot be fathomed, so precautions should be taken. Liu Zhang laughs and says they worry too much, and Pang Tong tells Liu Bei that Liu Gui, Zhang Ren and the others all look discontented. Romance, Ch. 60 §65–67
At the banquet in Chapter 61, when Wei Yan performs a sword dance aiming at Liu Zhang and Zhang Ren dances against him, Liu Gui, Leng Bao and Deng Xian each draw their swords too and step forward to join the dance. Order is restored when Liu Bei rebukes them, declaring that anyone who does not lay down his sword will be beheaded. When Liu Zhang returns to his camp, Liu Gui and the others urge him to go home early and spare himself future trouble. Romance, Ch. 61 §2–5
In Chapter 62, when Liu Bei has killed Yang Huai and Gao Pei and seized the Fushui Pass, Liu Zhang has Liu Gui, Leng Bao, Zhang Ren and Deng Xian hold Luo County with a great army of fifty thousand. On the march Liu Gui proposes asking Zixu Shangren of Mount Jinping about the future, and when Zhang Ren objects, he cites the sage's saying that 'the way of perfect sincerity can foreknow what is to come.' Zixu Shangren writes out eight lines, including 'the young phoenix falls to the ground, the sleeping dragon rises to heaven,' and when asked about the fortunes of the four men he says that fixed fate is hard to escape and answers no more. Liu Gui says that the words of an immortal cannot but be believed, while Zhang Ren calls him a mad old man. Romance, Ch. 62 §27–31
Arriving at Luo County, Liu Gui says that Luo City (雒城) is the bulwark protecting Chengdu, and proposes that two of them hold the city while the other two set up camps in front. He divides off twenty thousand troops and sends them out with Leng Bao and Deng Xian, while he himself holds Luo City with Zhang Ren. When Leng Bao returns, Liu Gui urgently asks Chengdu for help. When Liu Zhang's eldest son Liu Xun volunteers to hold Luo City, Liu Zhang's brother-in-law Wu Yi comes with twenty thousand troops and horses, taking Wu Lan and Lei Tong as his lieutenants. In Chapter 63 Liu Gui sallies out of the city and, together with Wu Lan and Lei Tong, leads the pursuit of Liu Bei's troops. Romance, Ch. 62 §32 · 48–49Romance, Ch. 63 §21
In Chapter 64 Liu Gui comes out of the city with Wu Yi to attack Huang Zhong and Wei Yan from both sides, but when Zhang Fei and Liu Bei come up behind them, they hastily withdraw into the city. Wu Yi, captured and having surrendered, tells Zhuge Liang, 'Liu Gui is of no account, but Zhang Ren has great courage and resourcefulness.' Later, when Yan Yan, Wu Yi and others call on the city to surrender beneath the walls of Luo City, Liu Gui curses them loudly from the wall, whereupon a general on the wall draws his sword, cuts Liu Gui down and opens the gates in surrender. The man who killed Liu Gui was Zhang Yi of Wuyang. Romance, Ch. 64 §10–11 · 16 · 26
Where the Romance differs
His first scenes in the Romance: In Chapters 60–61 of the Romance, Liu Gui warns Liu Zhang to be on guard against Liu Bei and steps forward at the banquet with his sword drawn. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, Liu Gui appears only in the passage where he resists Liu Bei at Fu and is defeated. Romance, Ch. 60 §65Romance, Ch. 61 §3Records, Shu 2 §32
Where he held: In Chapter 62 of the Romance, Liu Zhang has Liu Gui and the others hold Luo County, and Liu Gui holds Luo City (雒城) together with Zhang Ren. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, Liu Zhang sent Liu Gui and the others to resist Liu Bei at Fu, and after their defeat they held Mianzhu. The only person recorded as holding Luo City is Liu Zhang's son Liu Xun. Romance, Ch. 62 §27 · 32Records, Shu 2 §32
Zixu Shangren: The story in Chapter 62 of the Romance in which Liu Gui asks Zixu Shangren of Mount Jinping about the future is not in the Records. Romance, Ch. 62 §28–31Records, Shu 2 §32
The generals who held the city with him: In Chapter 64 of the Romance, Liu Zhang sends Zhuo Ying and Zhang Yi to Luo City, and Zhang Ren has Zhang Yi and Liu Gui hold the city. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, Zhuo Ying was from the outset a commander on Liu Bei's side who led troops against Liu Zhang together with Huang Zhong. Romance, Ch. 64 §19Records, Shu 2 §32
Death: In Chapter 64 of the Romance, Liu Gui is killed on the wall of Luo City by Zhang Yi's sword, and Zhang Yi opens the gates in surrender. The Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records says only that Luo City fell in the summer of the 19th year of Jian'an (214), and does not reveal Liu Gui's end. The biography of Zhang Yi says merely that when Liu Bei pacified Yi Province and took the governorship of Yi Province, Zhang Yi became a Clerk; there is no mention of his cutting down Liu Gui. Romance, Ch. 64 §26Records, Shu 2 §32–33Records, Shu 15 §12
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total369 / 1000Rank 797 of 996 · Top 81%Romance total434 / 1000Rank 308 of 1,113 · Top 28%
Romance adaptation index+65Romance total − Records total
- LEA4042+2
- STR3838±0
- INT3855+17
- POL3535±0
- CHA3838±0
- VIR4566+21
- ADP3838±0
- SCH3142+11
- DIP3342+9
- DIS3338+5
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalShu 2 §32
NWas wary of the ambitions of Liu Bei's men and pointed out that Luo City was the key pointCh. 60 §65Ch. 61 §5Ch. 62 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalShu 2 §32
NCited the sage's words in proposing to consult a seerCh. 62 §28
7 similar abilities — show evidence
RResisted the First Sovereign at Fu, was defeated and fell back to MianzhuShu 2 §32
NProposed the defensive deployment at Luo City, but Wu Yi judged him of no accountCh. 62 §32Ch. 64 §16
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalShu 2 §32
NNo direct record — estimated from the record of his salliesCh. 63 §21
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalShu 2 §32
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalCh. 62 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalShu 2 §32
NNo direct record — estimated from the record of his being killed by Zhang Yi, whom Liu Zhang had sentCh. 64 §26
RNo direct record — estimated from the record of his defeat and retreatShu 2 §32
NAsked Zixu Shangren about his fortunes during the march and believed himCh. 62 §28
RNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalShu 2 §32
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as a generalCh. 62 §32
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (5)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Liu Zhang faction · Records · 「璋遣劉璝、冷苞、張任、鄧賢等拒先主於涪」
Related events (3)
- Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province 212~214 · Command
- Zhuge Liang Captures Zhang Ren 214 · Appears (Romance scene)
- Huang Zhong and Wei Yan Vie at Luo Romance ch. 62 · Appears (Romance scene)
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).