RCompared Hua He's prose and rhapsodies with Wei Yao's classical documentsWu 20 §84
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a civil official as Prefect of the Palace SecretariatCh. 120 §55
| Occupation | RNOfficial · Prefect of the Palace Secretariat | Faction | Wu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Runan Commandery Gushi County Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R8 |
Hu Chong was the son of Hu Zong, who composed nearly all the documents and patents of appointment of Wu in Sun Quan's time. When Hu Zong died in the 6th year of Chiwu (243), Hu Chong succeeded him. Chen Shou wrote that he was mild-tempered and had literary talent and ability, and that in the Tianji era he became Prefect of the Palace Secretariat. Records, Wu 17 §38
In the 3rd month of the 4th year of Tianji (280), as the Jin army closed in, Sun Hao adopted the plan of the Superintendent of the Imperial Household Xue Ying, the Prefect of the Palace Secretariat Hu Chong and others, and sent envoys separately to Wang Jun, Sima Zhou and Wang Hun to present letters of surrender. Records, Wu 3 §81–84
In Chen Shou's assessments, Hu Chong appears not as a man being judged but as one who left judgments of others. The assessment in Records of Wu 20 quotes his words ranking Lou Xuan, He Shao, Wang Fan and others. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 120, in 1 of its 120 chapters, and his name is in no chapter title. When the Jin troops enter the city and Sun Hao is about to cut his own throat, he and Xue Ying advise Sun Hao to follow the example of Liu Shan, Duke of Anle. Records, Wu 20 §84Romance, Ch. 120 §55
Hu Chong's father Hu Zong was a man of Gushi County in Runan Commandery. When Sun Ce held the post of Administrator of Kuaiji, Hu Zong, at fourteen, became his Gate Inspector and stayed at Wu, studying together with Sun Quan. From the time Sun Quan took charge of affairs, nearly all the documents, proclamations and patents of appointment, and the state letters and tallies sent to neighboring states, were composed by Hu Zong. Records, Wu 17 §12 · 38
When Hu Zong died in the 6th year of Chiwu (243), his son Hu Chong succeeded him. Hu Chong was mild-tempered and had literary talent and ability, and in the Tianji era (277–280) he became Prefect of the Palace Secretariat. Records, Wu 17 §38
In the spring of the 4th year of Tianji (280), wherever Jin's Wang Jun and Tang Bin arrived, the Wu forces collapsed like crumbling earth. On the wuchen day of the 3rd month, Tao Jun, back from Wuchang, said that if he fought from large ships he could easily defeat the enemy, and gathered troops, but on the night before the day they were to set out, the troops all fled. Meanwhile Wang Jun was about to arrive down the river, and Sima Zhou and Wang Hun had also drawn close to the border. Records, Wu 3 §81–83
Sun Hao adopted the plan of the Superintendent of the Imperial Household Xue Ying, the Prefect of the Palace Secretariat Hu Chong and others, and sent envoys separately to present letters to Wang Jun, Sima Zhou and Wang Hun. The letters said that great Jin had risen like a dragon and its virtue covered the four seas, but that he, foolish and incompetent, had failed to understand the Mandate of Heaven; he was sending Zhang Kui, the Minister of Ceremonies he had appointed on his own authority, and others to present the seal and ribbon he wore, submitting himself and begging for his life. On the renshen day Wang Jun arrived first and accepted Sun Hao's surrender. Records, Wu 3 §83–85
In the assessment of the Biographies of Wang, Lou, He, Wei and Hua in Records of Wu 20, Chen Shou recorded Hu Chong's words alongside Xue Ying's assessment. Hu Chong held that Lou Xuan, He Shao and Wang Fan were all pure and outstanding men of their time with hardly any difference in merit, but that if a ranking had to be made, Lou Xuan should come first and He Shao next. He also said that Hua He surpassed Wei Yao in talent for prose and rhapsodies but fell short of him in classical documents. Records, Wu 20 §84
In his assessment in Records of Wu 17, Chen Shou counted Hu Zong among those who put their literary grace and talent to use and won trust, but he said nothing separately about Hu Chong. Chen Shou's main text does not record Hu Chong's courtesy name, his later life or the year of his death. Records, Wu 17 §42 · 38
In Chapter 120 of the Romance, as the Jin troops press in, the ministers of Wu, without waiting for Sun Hao's command, crowd into the palace and hack Cen Hun to pieces. Tao Jun and Zhang Xiang lead troops out, but a strong northwest wind springs up and the soldiers scatter and flee, and Zhang Xiang surrenders to Wang Jun and, below the city of Shitou, calls for the gates to be opened, letting the Jin troops in. Romance, Ch. 120 §52–54
Hearing that the Jin troops have already entered the city, Sun Hao is about to cut his own throat. When the Prefect of the Palace Secretariat Hu Chong and the Superintendent of the Imperial Household Xue Ying ask him why he does not follow the example of Liu Shan, Duke of Anle, Sun Hao follows their advice: with a coffin loaded on a cart and himself bound, he leads his civil and military officials to Wang Jun's camp and surrenders. Wang Jun unties his bonds, burns the coffin and treats him with the courtesy due a king. Romance, Ch. 120 §55
With this, the four provinces, 43 commanderies and 313 counties of Eastern Wu, with 523,000 households, 230,000 soldiers and more, all pass to Jin. This scene is the only place Hu Chong appears in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 120 §56
When and how surrender was urged: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, after the Jin troops have entered the city, Hu Chong and Xue Ying advise Sun Hao, who is about to cut his own throat, to follow Liu Shan's example. In the Biographies of the Three Successor Rulers in the Records, before Wang Jun arrived, Sun Hao adopted the plan of Xue Ying, Hu Chong and others and sent envoys separately to Wang Jun, Sima Zhou and Wang Hun to present letters of surrender. Romance, Ch. 120 §55Records, Wu 3 §83–84
The scene of surrender: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, Sun Hao binds himself, takes a coffin with him and goes to Wang Jun's camp to surrender. In the Records, Wang Jun arrived first on the renshen day, accepted the surrender, untied his bonds and burned the coffin, while Sima Zhou, because Sun Hao had sent the seal and ribbon to him, sent envoys to escort Sun Hao. Romance, Ch. 120 §55Records, Wu 3 §85
When the Wu troops scattered: In Chapter 120 of the Romance, after Tao Jun and Zhang Xiang go out to fight, the soldiers scatter in the northwest wind, and Tao Jun's troops collapse without a fight on the day after Sun Hao's surrender. In the Records, Tao Jun's troops all fled on the night before the day set for departure after he had gathered them, and only after that did Sun Hao send letters of surrender on the plan of Hu Chong and others. Romance, Ch. 120 §52–53 · 57Records, Wu 3 §83
Family: The Romance does not reveal Hu Chong's family. In the Records he was the son of Hu Zong, who composed nearly all of Sun Quan's documents and patents of appointment, and he succeeded him in the 6th year of Chiwu (243). Romance, Ch. 120 §55Records, Wu 17 §38
Judgments of others: In the Romance, the only words Hu Chong leaves are the single remark he makes to Sun Hao. In the Records, Chen Shou quoted, in the assessment in Records of Wu 20, Hu Chong's words comparing Lou Xuan, He Shao, Wang Fan, Hua He and Wei Yao. Romance, Ch. 120 §55Records, Wu 20 §84
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RCompared Hua He's prose and rhapsodies with Wei Yao's classical documentsWu 20 §84
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a civil official as Prefect of the Palace SecretariatCh. 120 §55
RRanked Lou Xuan, He Shao and Wang Fan, putting Lou Xuan firstWu 20 §84
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 120 §55
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a civil official as Prefect of the Palace SecretariatWu 3 §83
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a civil official as Prefect of the Palace SecretariatCh. 120 §55
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a civil officialWu 3 §83
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a civil officialCh. 120 §55
RDevised, with Xue Ying, the plan of sending letters to the Jin generalsWu 3 §83
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 120 §55
RNo direct record — estimated from his office of Prefect of the Palace SecretariatWu 3 §83
NNo direct record — estimated from his office of Prefect of the Palace SecretariatCh. 120 §55
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWu 3 §83
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 120 §55
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWu 3 §83
NUrged Sun Hao, about to kill himself, to surrender as Liu Shan hadCh. 120 §55
RSought a way out through letters of surrender as the state collapsedWu 3 §83
NAt the moment of the state's fall, urged surrender instead of suicideCh. 120 §55
RDevised the plan of sending letters to the three Jin generalsWu 3 §83
NPersuaded Sun Hao to surrender, together with Xue YingCh. 120 §55
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).