RNo direct record — estimated from his career as an Attendant OfficerShu 8 §25
NWas first to recognize Xu Shu and Pang Tong as extraordinary talentsCh. 36 §25Ch. 57 §29
| Occupation | ROfficial · General Who Upholds Loyalty | Faction | Shu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | Book of Shu |
| Born | Native place | Beihai Commandery | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R6 |
Sun Qian, courtesy name Gongyou, was a native of Beihai. When Liu Bei came to govern Xu Province he was summoned to serve as an Attendant Officer (congshi), and from then on he followed Liu Bei in his wanderings; he went as an envoy to Yuan Shao and to Liu Biao, and both missions achieved what was intended. Records, Shu 8 §25
When Liu Bei pacified Yi Province he became General Who Upholds Loyalty (bingzhong jiangjun); the courtesy shown him ranked next after Mi Zhu and equal to Jian Yong, but he died soon afterward. Records, Shu 8 §26
In his assessment, Chen Shou, author of the Records, said of him, together with Mi Zhu, Jian Yong and Yi Ji, that "all were treated with courtesy by their age for their gracious bearing and refined discourse." In the Romance he first appeared in Chapter 12 as the man the dying Tao Qian recommended to Liu Bei, and featured in 25 of its 120 chapters. Although his name never appeared in a chapter title, he stepped forward again and again as an envoy and adviser. Records, Shu 8 §59Romance, Ch. 12 §18Romance, Ch. 31 §39Romance, Ch. 65 §25
Sun Qian, courtesy name Gongyou, was a native of Beihai. When Liu Bei came to govern Xu Province, he summoned him and made him an Attendant Officer (congshi), and afterward Sun Qian followed Liu Bei in his wanderings. Records, Shu 8 §25
After Liu Bei killed Che Zhou, Inspector of Xu Province, and many commanderies and counties turned against Cao Cao and sided with Liu Bei, Liu Bei sent Sun Qian to ally with Yuan Shao. When Cao Cao, having defeated Yuan Shao, marched south in person to attack Liu Bei, Liu Bei sent Mi Zhu and Sun Qian to make contact with Liu Biao. Liu Biao came out in person to the outskirts to welcome him and treated him with the courtesy due an honored guest. Chen Shou wrote that both missions, to Yuan Shao and to Liu Biao, achieved what was intended. Records, Shu 2 §16 · 19Records, Shu 8 §25
Later Liu Biao wrote to Yuan Shang about the calamity of the strife that had divided him from his brother, saying, "Every time I discuss this matter with General of the Left Liu and Sun Gongyou, it never fails to pain us to the heart and chill us to the bone." Chen Shou wrote that this was how highly Sun Qian was regarded. Records, Shu 8 §25–26
When Liu Bei reached Jing Province, Sun Qian, together with Mi Zhu and Jian Yong, became an Attendant Gentleman (congshi zhonglang), serving constantly as a guest in discussion and traveling back and forth on missions. When Liu Bei pacified Yi Province, he was promoted from Attendant Gentleman to General Who Upholds Loyalty, and the courtesy shown him ranked next after Mi Zhu and equal to Jian Yong. Yi Ji was treated next after Jian Yong, Sun Qian and others. Sun Qian died soon afterward. The Records do not give the year of his death. Records, Shu 8 §26 · 28 · 32
In his assessment, Chen Shou said that Mi Zhu, Sun Qian, Jian Yong and Yi Ji were all treated with courtesy by their age for their gracious bearing and refined discourse. Records, Shu 8 §59
In Chapter 12 of the Romance, the dying Tao Qian recommended him as fit to serve as an Attendant Officer, describing him as "a man of Beihai, surnamed Sun, named Qian, courtesy name Gongyou," and Liu Bei, taking charge of Xu Province, made Sun Qian and Mi Zhu his aides. In Chapter 16, when Ji Ling attacked Xiaopei, he proposed sending a letter to Lü Bu to report the emergency, and after Liu Bei was driven out by Lü Bu, he went ahead to Xudu to see Cao Cao on his behalf. In Chapter 19 he caught up with Liu Bei, who was fleeing alone, and urged him to take refuge with Cao Cao for the time being. Romance, Ch. 12 §18 · 20Romance, Ch. 16 §2–3 · 37Romance, Ch. 19 §5
In Chapter 22 he rode through the night to deliver to Yuan Shao the letter Zheng Xuan had written, and he advised that since Xuzhou was a place exposed to the enemy, the troops should be divided between Xiaopei and Xiapi to form a mutually supporting pincer position. In Chapter 24 he went to Hebei again, but Yuan Shao, worried about his youngest son's scabies, would not send troops, and Sun Qian hurried back to Xiaopei through the night. Romance, Ch. 22 §5 · 51Romance, Ch. 24 §14–17
In Chapter 26, having drifted to Runan and taken shelter with Liu Pi, he was brought into Guan Yu's camp as a captured spy and told him that Liu Bei was with Yuan Shao. In Chapter 27 he met Guan Yu on the road after Guan Yu had passed through the five passes, told him that the generals in Yuan Shao's camp were jealous of one another and that Liu Bei had already gone to Runan, and turned him aside. In Chapter 28 he went to Hebei with Guan Yu, entered Jizhou alone ahead of him to see Liu Bei, and discussed a plan of escape together with Jian Yong. Romance, Ch. 26 §20–22Romance, Ch. 27 §47–49Romance, Ch. 28 §45 · 47
In Chapter 31 he urged Liu Bei, who had lost heart after being driven off by Cao Cao, to take refuge with Liu Biao, a fellow member of the imperial clan, and went ahead to Jing Province. When Cai Mao proposed cutting off Sun Qian's head and presenting it to Cao Cao, he stood up to him, saying, "I, Sun Qian, am not a man who fears death," whereupon Liu Biao rebuked Cai Mao and came out thirty li beyond the city to welcome Liu Bei. In Chapter 35 he told Liu Biao how Liu Bei had escaped Cai Mao's attempt on his life by leaping across the Tan Stream, and, saying that if Cai Mao were killed Liu Bei could not stay there in peace, had Cai Mao's life spared. Romance, Ch. 31 §38–42Romance, Ch. 35 §20–21
In Chapter 36 he secretly advised that if Xu Shu were kept back, Cao Cao would kill Xu Shu's mother and Xu Shu would then strive with all his might to attack Cao Cao in revenge, but Liu Bei rejected this as neither benevolent nor righteous. In Chapter 54 he went south of the Yangtze with Lü Fan and brought back Sun Quan's promise of a marriage, and in the 10th month, winter, of the 14th year of Jian'an (209), he escorted Liu Bei into Eastern Wu together with Zhao Yun and acted as the groom's matchmaker. In Chapter 65 he took gold and pearls by a byroad to Hanzhong and, through Yang Song, moved Zhang Lu to have Ma Chao stop fighting; after Liu Bei won Yi Province, he was among those promoted and rewarded. Romance, Ch. 36 §25Romance, Ch. 54 §23 · 25 · 28Romance, Ch. 65 §25–26 · 47
Recruitment: In Chapter 12 of the Romance, the dying Tao Qian recommended Sun Qian to Liu Bei. The Biography of Sun Qian in the Records says only that when Liu Bei came to govern Xu Province he summoned him and made him an Attendant Officer, and does not name anyone who recommended him. Romance, Ch. 12 §18Records, Shu 8 §25
Alliance with Yuan Shao: In Chapter 22 of the Romance, Sun Qian delivered Zheng Xuan's letter to Yuan Shao, and in Chapter 24 the mission failed because Yuan Shao, on account of his youngest son's illness, would not send troops. In the Records, Liu Bei sent Sun Qian to ally with Yuan Shao, and Chen Shou wrote that the mission achieved what was intended. Zheng Xuan's letter appears in neither the Biography of the First Sovereign nor the Biography of Sun Qian. Romance, Ch. 22 §5Romance, Ch. 24 §16–17Records, Shu 2 §16Records, Shu 8 §25
The mission to Liu Biao: In Chapter 31 of the Romance, Sun Qian went ahead alone to Jing Province and countered Cai Mao's slander. In the Records, Liu Bei sent Mi Zhu and Sun Qian together to make contact with Liu Biao, and Liu Biao came out in person to the outskirts to welcome him. Cai Mao's slander does not appear. Romance, Ch. 31 §39–42Records, Shu 2 §19Records, Shu 8 §25
Traveling with Guan Yu: In Chapters 26–28 of the Romance, Sun Qian met Guan Yu at Runan, traveled with him as he escorted the two ladies, and arranged his reunion with Liu Bei. This does not appear in the Biography of Sun Qian in the Records. Romance, Ch. 26 §20–22Romance, Ch. 27 §49Romance, Ch. 28 §45–47Records, Shu 8 §24–26
The marriage in Eastern Wu: In Chapter 54 of the Romance, Sun Qian went south of the Yangtze to arrange the marriage, then accompanied Liu Bei into Eastern Wu and acted as the groom's matchmaker. This does not appear in the Biography of Sun Qian in the Records. Romance, Ch. 54 §23 · 28Records, Shu 8 §24–26
Ma Chao's submission: In Chapter 65 of the Romance, Sun Qian went to Hanzhong and moved Zhang Lu by sending gold and pearls to Yang Song. In the Biography of Ma Chao in the Records, Ma Chao, judging Zhang Lu unfit to plan affairs with, heard that Liu Bei was besieging Liu Zhang in Chengdu and secretly sent a letter asking to surrender. The Biography of Sun Qian has no mission to Hanzhong. Romance, Ch. 65 §25–26Records, Shu 6 §29Records, Shu 8 §24–26
Office: In Chapter 65 of the Romance his name merely appears among the many who were promoted and rewarded. In the Records, when Yi Province was pacified he was promoted from Attendant Gentleman to General Who Upholds Loyalty, and the courtesy shown him ranked next after Mi Zhu and equal to Jian Yong. Romance, Ch. 65 §47Records, Shu 8 §26
Death: In the Romance, Sun Qian no longer appears after Chapter 65, and his death is not recorded. The Records state that he died not long after becoming General Who Upholds Loyalty. Romance, Ch. 65 §47Records, Shu 8 §26
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as an Attendant OfficerShu 8 §25
NWas first to recognize Xu Shu and Pang Tong as extraordinary talentsCh. 36 §25Ch. 57 §29
RNo direct record — estimated from his sharing the First Sovereign's years of wanderingShu 8 §25
NUrged his lord not to lose heart, saying success and failure have their timesCh. 31 §38Ch. 16 §35
RAssessment: treated with courtesy by his age for his gracious bearing and refined discourseShu 8 §59Shu 8 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his having been recommendedCh. 12 §18
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a civil officialShu 8 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his defense of XiaopeiCh. 24 §22
RLiu Biao wrote that he discussed the Yuan brothers' quarrel with Sun QianShu 8 §25Shu 8 §26
NProposed seeking refuge with Cao Cao and later in Jing Province, and advised against killing Cai MaoCh. 16 §35Ch. 31 §38Ch. 35 §21
RNo direct record — estimated from his service as Attendant Officer of Xu ProvinceShu 8 §25
NNo direct record — estimated from Tao Qian's recommending him as an Attendant OfficerCh. 12 §18
RFollowed the First Sovereign in his wanderings and stayed at his sideShu 8 §25
NWhen Cai Mao called for his head, he defended his lord, saying he did not fear deathCh. 31 §41Ch. 31 §42
RAssessment: refined discourse (fengyi)Shu 8 §59
NNo direct record — estimated from his being counted among the civil officialsCh. 35 §12
RAllied with Yuan Shao and went as envoy to Liu Biao, both missions achieving what was intendedShu 8 §25Shu 8 §59
NPersuaded Liu Biao to come thirty li beyond the city to welcome Liu Bei; arranged the marriage with Sun QuanCh. 31 §39Ch. 31 §42Ch. 54 §23
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).