RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NAdvised Zhuge Shang not to go out rashlyCh. 117 §44
Zhang Zun 張遵
| Occupation | RNOfficial · Master of Writing | Faction | Shu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | R? N? Unverified | Native place | Zhuo Commandery Unverified |
| Died | R263 N(same) Unverified | Place of death | RNMianzhu County |
| Cause of death | RKilled in battle NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R2 |
Profile
Zhang Zun was a Master of Writing of Shu and the son of Zhang Bao, Zhang Fei's eldest son. He has no biography of his own in the Records and appears in a single sentence at the end of the biography of Zhang Fei: 'Zhang Bao's son Zhang Zun became Master of Writing; following Zhuge Zhan, he fought Deng Ai at Mianzhu and died.' The Biography of the Later Sovereign records Deng Ai's defeat of Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu under the winter of the 6th year of Jingyao (263). Records, Shu 6 §23Records, Shu 3 §43
The biography of Deng Ai records that in this battle Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan fought again, crushed the enemy and took the heads of Zhuge Zhan, the Master of Writing Zhang Zun and others. Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, the year of his birth or when he became Master of Writing. Records, Wei 28 §72Records, Shu 6 §23
In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 117, 1 of its 120 chapters, and no chapter has his name in its title. The Romance portrays him as a Master of Writing who holds the city of Mianzhu with Zhuge Shang in the battle named in that chapter's title, 'Zhuge Zhan Dies in Battle at Mianzhu'; after Zhuge Zhan and his son have died, he sallies out with Huang Chong and Li Qiu and dies fighting. Romance, Ch. 117 §43–44 · 47
In the Records
Zhang Zun has no biography of his own in the Records and appears at the end of the biography of Zhang Fei in Records of Shu 6. After Zhang Fei died he was posthumously named Marquis Huan; his eldest son Zhang Bao died young, so his second son Zhang Shao succeeded him and rose to Palace Attendant and Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat. Chen Shou then wrote, 'Zhang Bao's son Zhang Zun became Master of Writing; following Zhuge Zhan, he fought Deng Ai at Mianzhu and died.' Records, Shu 6 §23
According to the Biography of the Later Sovereign, in the summer of the 6th year of Jingyao (263) Wei ordered the General Who Conquers the West Deng Ai, the General Who Guards the West Zhong Hui and the Inspector of Yong Province Zhuge Xu to attack Shu together along several routes, and that winter Deng Ai defeated the General of the Guards Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu. The record of Zhuge Zhan in the Biography of Zhuge Liang says that when Deng Ai came in by a byroad from Yinping along the Jinggu road, Zhuge Zhan led the various armies to Fu County and halted there, and when his vanguard was broken he withdrew and stayed at Mianzhu. Angered by Deng Ai's letter promising to memorialize to make him Prince of Langya if he surrendered, Zhuge Zhan beheaded the envoy, and at last gave battle, but was badly defeated and died on the field. Records, Shu 3 §43Records, Shu 5 §60–61
According to the Biography of Deng Ai, Deng Ai sent his son Deng Zhong, Marquis of Huitang Village, and others out on the right, and the Major Shi Zuan and others out on the left. When the fighting went badly and Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan both fell back and said the enemy could not be attacked, Deng Ai, saying angrily that the division between survival and ruin rested on this one stroke, rebuked the two and was about to behead them. Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan galloped back, fought again and crushed the enemy, taking the heads of Zhuge Zhan, the Master of Writing Zhang Zun and others; Deng Ai advanced his army to Luo County, and Liu Shan sent an envoy to ask to surrender. Chen Shou's main text does not record Zhang Zun's courtesy name, the year of his birth or when he became Master of Writing. Records, Wei 28 §72Records, Shu 6 §23
In the Romance
In Chapter 117 of the Romance, when Deng Ai leads his troops out from Yinping in the 10th month of that year and enters Shu, Zhuge Zhan takes leave of the Later Sovereign and leaves Chengdu to meet the Wei army, making his eldest son Zhuge Shang the vanguard. Near Mianzhu, Zhuge Zhan puts a wooden likeness of Kongming on a carriage, frightening Shi Zuan and Deng Zhong into flight, and when the two come to fight again he drives them back too and badly defeats the Wei army. Romance, Ch. 117 §13 · 30 · 33–37
When Deng Ai sends a letter tempting him with a promise to memorialize to make him Prince of Langya if he comes over, Zhuge Zhan tears up the letter and beheads the envoy. But when Deng Ai comes leading his troops in person, Zhuge Zhan sallies out, is badly defeated by ambushes that pour out from both sides, and withdraws into Mianzhu, which the Wei army surrounds as tightly as an iron bucket. Zhuge Zhan gives Peng He a letter and has him break through the siege to ask Eastern Wu for help. Romance, Ch. 117 §38–41
When no relief comes, Zhuge Zhan, saying that holding out for long is no good plan, leaves his son Zhuge Shang and the Master of Writing Zhang Zun to hold the city and, leading the three armies himself, throws open three gates and sallies out. Trapped by Wei troops closing in from all sides, Zhuge Zhan is struck by an arrow and falls from his horse, then draws his sword and cuts his own throat. When Zhuge Shang, seeing this from the walls, puts on his armor and mounts his horse, Zhang Zun remonstrates, 'Young General, you must not go out rashly.' Zhuge Shang, saying that three generations, his grandfather, his father and he himself, have received the state's deep favor, and that with his father killed by the enemy there is no reason for him to live, sallies out and dies on the field. Romance, Ch. 117 §43–45
Moved by their loyalty, Deng Ai buries Zhuge Zhan and his son together, and, taking advantage of the opening, attacks Mianzhu. Zhang Zun, Huang Chong and Li Qiu each lead a body of troops out to fight, but the Shu troops are few and the Wei troops many, and all three die fighting; Deng Ai thus takes Mianzhu and goes on to seize Chengdu. In the Romance, Zhang Zun's name appears only in this passage of Chapter 117. Romance, Ch. 117 §46–47
Where the Romance differs
Family: The biography of Zhang Fei in the Records describes Zhang Zun as the son of Zhang Bao, Zhang Fei's eldest son. Chapter 117 of the Romance calls him only 'the Master of Writing Zhang Zun' and does not mention his relationship to Zhang Fei or Zhang Bao. Records, Shu 6 §23Romance, Ch. 117 §43 · 47
His role: In the Romance, when Zhuge Zhan sallies out, Zhang Zun stays behind with Zhuge Shang to hold the city of Mianzhu. The Biography of Zhang Fei in the Records says that he followed Zhuge Zhan and died fighting Deng Ai at Mianzhu, and the Biography of Deng Ai says that Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan took the heads of Zhuge Zhan, the Master of Writing Zhang Zun and others together. Nothing is said of Zhang Zun holding the city. Romance, Ch. 117 §43Records, Shu 6 §23Records, Wei 28 §72
Order of deaths: In the Romance, Zhuge Zhan first cuts his own throat and Zhuge Shang dies fighting, and then, when Deng Ai attacks Mianzhu, Zhang Zun sallies out with Huang Chong and Li Qiu and dies. The Biography of Deng Ai in the Records records in a single statement that Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan fought again, crushed the enemy and took the heads of Zhuge Zhan, Zhang Zun and others. Romance, Ch. 117 §44–47Records, Wei 28 §72
Restraining Zhuge Shang: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Zhang Zun urges Zhuge Shang, who is about to go out after seeing his father's death, not to go out rashly. These words are not in the Records, and the record of Zhuge Zhan says only that his eldest son Zhuge Shang died together with Zhuge Zhan. Romance, Ch. 117 §44Records, Shu 5 §61
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total428 / 1000Rank 461 of 996 · Top 47%Romance total444 / 1000Rank 258 of 1,113 · Top 24%
Romance adaptation index+16Romance total − Records total
- LEA4242±0
- STR4042+2
- INT4050+10
- POL4845−3
- CHA4040±0
- VIR6265+3
- ADP4042+2
- SCH4040±0
- DIP3840+2
- DIS3838±0
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
9 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NWas entrusted with the defense of Mianzhu and led a body of troops out to fightCh. 117 §43Ch. 117 §47
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NDied in battle fighting with few troopsCh. 117 §47
RBecame Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingCh. 117 §43
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingCh. 117 §43
RFollowed Zhuge Zhan and died fighting Deng Ai at MianzhuShu 6 §23Wei 28 §72
NDefended Mianzhu and fought to the deathCh. 117 §44Ch. 117 §47
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NUrged caution but in the end sallied out with Huang Chong and Li Qiu and diedCh. 117 §44
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingCh. 117 §43
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingCh. 117 §43
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingShu 6 §23
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Master of WritingCh. 117 §43
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (1)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Shu · Romance · Romance ch. 117 「遂留子尚与尚书张遵守城」 · Q124711420
Related events (2)
- Zhuge Zhan Dies in Battle at Mianzhu 263 · Appears (Romance scene)
- Conquest of Shu by Wei 263 · Command
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).