RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NTrained in the martial arts, drove back Shi Zuan and Deng Zhong alone on his horse with a single spearCh. 117 §30Ch. 117 §36
Zhuge Shang 諸葛尚
| Occupation | NGeneral · Vanguard | Faction | Shu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | R? N245 Unverified | Native place | Langya Commandery Yangdu County Unverified |
| Died | R263 N(same) Unverified | Place of death | RNMianzhu County |
| Cause of death | RKilled in battle NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R1 |
Profile
Zhuge Shang was the eldest son of Zhuge Zhan, General of the Guards of Shu, and the grandson of Zhuge Liang. He has no biography of his own in the Records and is mentioned once, in the passage on Zhuge Zhan in the Biography of Zhuge Liang, Records of Shu 5. When Deng Ai of Wei invaded Shu in the winter of the 6th year of Jingyao (263), he died together with his father Zhuge Zhan, who fell resisting him at Mianzhu. Records, Shu 5 §43 · 60–61
Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, age, offices or the circumstances of his death, and the Records contain no assessment of him. Of the 120 chapters of the Romance he appears only in Chapter 117, and no chapter has his name in its title. There he is portrayed as a young general who volunteers at nineteen to lead the vanguard and drives back the Wei army, and who, when his father dies on the battlefield, sallies out from the city and dies fighting. Records, Shu 5 §61 · 66Romance, Ch. 117 §30 · 36 · 44–45
In the Records
His father Zhuge Zhan was the son of Zhuge Liang and inherited his father's rank. At seventeen he married a princess and became Commandant of Cavalry, and after holding several offices he became acting Protector-General and General of the Guards in the 4th year of Jingyao (261), handling the affairs of the Imperial Secretariat together with Dong Jue, General-in-Chief Who Supports the State. Records, Shu 5 §43 · 59–60
In the winter of the 6th year of Jingyao (263), when Deng Ai, General Who Conquers the West of Wei, came into Shu by a byroad from Yinping along the Jinggu road, Zhuge Zhan led the various armies to Fu County and halted there, and when his vanguard was broken he withdrew and halted at Mianzhu. When Deng Ai sent a letter saying that if he surrendered he would memorialize to make him King of Langya, Zhuge Zhan in anger beheaded the envoy, and at last gave battle, but he was badly defeated and died on the battlefield. He was then thirty-seven. Records, Shu 5 §60–61
According to the Biography of Deng Ai, Deng Ai sent his son Deng Zhong and others out on the right and his Major Shi Zuan and others on the left. When the two fared badly, fell back and said the enemy could not be attacked, Deng Ai rebuked them, saying that survival or ruin hung on this one effort, and was about to behead them. Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan galloped back and fought again, crushing the enemy, and took the heads of Zhuge Zhan, the Master of Writing Zhang Zun and others. Records, Wei 28 §71–72
Chen Shou recorded that Zhuge Zhan's eldest son Zhuge Shang also died together with Zhuge Zhan. The second son Zhuge Jing, Zhuge Pan's son Zhuge Xian and others were moved inland to Hedong in the 1st year of Xianxi (264). Records, Shu 5 §61
This single phrase is the only place in Chen Shou's main text where Zhuge Shang's name appears. His courtesy name, age, offices and the circumstances of his death are not recorded, and the Records, including the assessment in the Biography of Zhuge Liang, contain no assessment of him. Records, Shu 5 §61 · 66
In the Romance
In Chapter 117 of the Romance, when Deng Ai's troops are stationed at Fucheng and Chengdu is in danger, the Later Sovereign (Liu Shan) summons Zhuge Zhan, pleads with him in tears and gives him 70,000 officers and men of Chengdu. When Zhuge Zhan gathers his generals and asks who will lead the vanguard, before he has finished speaking a young general steps forward and says that since his father holds supreme command, he wishes to be the vanguard. This is Zhuge Zhan's eldest son Zhuge Shang, then nineteen, who had read widely in books of war and trained much in the martial arts. Zhuge Zhan, overjoyed, makes him the vanguard. Romance, Ch. 117 §29–30
Encountering the Shu army near Mianzhu, Deng Ai's son Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan see the figure of Kongming (Zhuge Liang) seated on a four-wheeled carriage and flee in alarm, crying that Kongming is still alive. Scouting reveals that Kongming's son Zhuge Zhan is the commander and Zhuge Zhan's son Zhuge Shang the vanguard, and that the figure seated on the carriage was a carved wooden likeness of Kongming. When Deng Ai says he will behead them if they fail to win again, the two come back to fight with 10,000 troops, and Zhuge Shang, alone on his horse with a single spear and summoning up all his spirit, fights and drives the two of them back. Zhuge Zhan then leads the troops of both wings and breaks into the Wei ranks, and the Wei army is badly defeated. Romance, Ch. 117 §33–36
Badly defeated by Deng Ai's ambush and fallen back to Mianzhu, Zhuge Zhan receives no relief, so he leaves his son Zhuge Shang and the Master of Writing Zhang Zun to hold the city and personally leads the three armies out through three opened gates to fight, but is surrounded. Struck by an arrow and falling from his horse, Zhuge Zhan cries that he will repay the state with his death, and draws his sword and cuts his own throat. Romance, Ch. 117 §41 · 43–44
Seeing from the city wall his father die on the battlefield, Zhuge Shang flies into a rage, puts on his armour and mounts his horse. When Zhang Zun urges that the young general must not rush out rashly, Zhuge Shang sighs that his grandfather, his father and he himself have all received the state's generous favour, and now that his father has died at the enemy's hands, what use is there in his living on? He then whips his horse, charges out and dies in battle. Romance, Ch. 117 §44–45
The Romance records that a later poet wrote verses praising Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang, father and son, and Deng Ai, moved by their loyalty, buries the father and son together. In Chapter 118, the Later Sovereign is greatly alarmed on hearing that Deng Ai has taken Mianzhu and that Zhuge Zhan and his son are already dead. Chapter 117 is the only chapter of the Romance in which Zhuge Shang's name appears. Romance, Ch. 117 §46Romance, Ch. 118 §1
Where the Romance differs
The vanguard: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Zhuge Shang volunteers at nineteen to lead the vanguard, and alone on his horse with a single spear drives back Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan when they return to fight. Chen Shou's main text does not record his age or his duties, and in the Records' Biography of Deng Ai, Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan, who had at first fared badly and fallen back, fight again and crush the Shu army. Romance, Ch. 117 §30 · 36Records, Shu 5 §61Records, Wei 28 §72
The wooden statue: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan see the wooden statue of Kongming seated on a four-wheeled carriage in the Shu ranks and flee in alarm, crying that Kongming is alive. In the Records' Biography of Deng Ai the two merely fell back after faring badly and said the enemy could not be attacked, and no statue of Zhuge Liang appears. Romance, Ch. 117 §33–35Records, Wei 28 §72
Circumstances of his death: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Zhuge Shang, while holding the city, sees his father die, charges out alone and dies on the battlefield. Chen Shou's main text records only that the eldest son Zhuge Shang also died together with Zhuge Zhan, and does not say how. Romance, Ch. 117 §43–45Records, Shu 5 §61
Zhang Zun: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, the Master of Writing Zhang Zun holds the city with Zhuge Shang and tries to stop him from charging out, and afterwards leads troops out separately and dies fighting. In the Records' Biography of Deng Ai, Zhang Zun appears as a Master of Writing who was beheaded together with Zhuge Zhan. Romance, Ch. 117 §43–44 · 47Records, Wei 28 §72
The burial: In Chapter 117 of the Romance, Deng Ai, moved by their loyalty, buries Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang, father and son, together. The Records' Biography of Deng Ai has no such episode; it records that Deng Ai built a terrace at Mianzhu as a jingguan (a mound of the slain) to display his victory, and that his soldiers who died in battle were all buried together with the soldiers of Shu. Romance, Ch. 117 §46Records, Wei 28 §74
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total369 / 1000Rank 797 of 996 · Top 81%Romance total479 / 1000Rank 150 of 1,113 · Top 14%
Romance adaptation index+110Romance total − Records total
- LEA3550+15
- STR4072+32
- INT3540+5
- POL3133+2
- CHA3850+12
- VIR5885+27
- ADP3535±0
- SCH3548+13
- DIP3133+2
- DIS3133+2
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
RDied together with his father Zhuge Zhan in the battle at MianzhuShu 5 §61
NDied for the state invoking three generations' debt of favour, and was praised for integrity and righteousnessCh. 117 §44Ch. 117 §46
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NLed the vanguard and held the city with Zhang ZunCh. 117 §30Ch. 117 §43
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NHad read widely in books of war by nineteenCh. 117 §30
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Zhuge Zhan's eldest son and vanguardCh. 117 §30
5 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Zhuge Zhan's eldest son and vanguardCh. 117 §30
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Zhuge Zhan's eldest son and vanguardCh. 117 §30
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NIgnored the advice not to rush out rashly, went out to fight and was killedCh. 117 §44Ch. 117 §45
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Zhuge Zhan's eldest son and vanguardCh. 117 §30
RNo direct record — estimated from his position as Zhuge Zhan's eldest sonShu 5 §61
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Zhuge Zhan's eldest son and vanguardCh. 117 §30
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (1)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Shu · Romance · Romance ch. 117 「瞻之子诸葛尚为先锋」 · Q124710906
Family
| Parents | Zhuge Zhan Novel & History |
|---|---|
| Siblings | Zhuge Jing(諸葛京) Records |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.
Related events (1)
- Zhuge Zhan Dies in Battle at Mianzhu 263 · Appears (Romance scene)
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).