Novel scene
Sun Quan's Letter Turns Back Cao Cao 孫權遺書退老瞞
About this event
Sun Quan's Letter Turns Back Cao Cao is the scene from the chapter title of Chapter 61 of the Romance, "Sun Quan Sends a Letter and Drives Back the Old Ah Man," and depicts the Battle of Ruxukou. When Cao Cao comes with 400,000 men to avenge Chibi, Sun Quan builds the Ruxu fort to hold him off, and after facing him for over a month sends a letter telling him to leave because the spring waters are rising, making Cao Cao withdraw. Romance, Ch. 61 §27–29 · 46–48
Chen Shou records this battle in the Annals of Emperor Wu in Records of Wei 1 and the Biography of the Lord of Wu in Records of Wu 2 as an event of the 1st month of the 18th year of Jian'an (213), and also includes it in the biography of Lü Meng. Records, Wei 1 §120Records, Wu 2 §18Records, Wu 9 §66
In the Romance
In Chapter 61 of the Romance, as Sun Quan is about to attack Jing Province, news comes that Cao Cao is coming with 400,000 men to avenge Chibi. Following the letter left by Zhang Hong, who has died of illness, Sun Quan moves his seat of government to Moling, renames it Jianye and builds Shitoucheng (the Stone City). To the generals who say they can land and fight on shore and jump back into the boats when needed, Lü Meng says that if they suddenly meet the enemy they will have no time to reach the water's edge and proposes building a fort at the mouth of the Ruxu River, and so the Ruxu fort is built. Romance, Ch. 61 §27–29
In Xuchang, at Dong Zhao's suggestion, Cao Cao seeks to receive the rank of Duke of Wei and the Nine Bestowments, and Xun Yu, who tries to stop him, receives an empty box sent by Cao Cao, takes poison and dies. Marching south in the 10th month, winter, of the 17th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao sees at Ruxukou how orderly Sun Quan's warships are and exclaims, "A son should be like Sun Zhongmou!", but he is chased by the cavalry Sun Quan leads in person and by Han Dang and Zhou Tai, and after a night raid he falls back more than fifty li. Romance, Ch. 61 §30–40
Having dreamed of a red sun rising out of the river and falling on the hill in front of his camp, Cao Cao meets Sun Quan at the foot of that hill and says he has come to punish him on the Son of Heaven's edict, but Sun Quan retorts that Cao Cao holds the Son of Heaven hostage to command the lords, and drives him off with an ambush. After facing each other for over a month, in the 1st month of the following year, when the soldiers are suffering in the mud from the spring rains, a letter comes from Sun Quan. After the words that the spring waters are just rising and he should leave quickly, two more lines were written: "While you do not die, I cannot be at peace." Cao Cao says, "Sun Zhongmou does not deceive me," and turns his army back. Romance, Ch. 61 §42–48
Where the Romance differs
Why Cao Cao withdrew: In Chapter 61 of the Romance, Cao Cao turns his army back after receiving Sun Quan's letter. In the Biography of the Lord of Wu in the Records, Cao Cao, after a standoff of over a month, admired the order and discipline of Sun Quan's army and withdrew; the Annals of Emperor Wu say he returned after breaking Sun Quan's camp west of the river and capturing the area commander Gongsun Yang; and the biography of Lü Meng records that the defenses of the fort built astride the river mouth were so thorough that Cao Cao could not take it and withdrew. The affair of the letter is not in Chen Shou's text. Romance, Ch. 61 §47–48Records, Wu 2 §18Records, Wei 1 §120Records, Wu 9 §66
Zhang Hong and Moling: In Chapter 61 of the Romance, Zhang Hong, dying of illness, urges in his last letter a move to Moling. In the biography of Zhang Hong in the Records, Zhang Hong devised the plan of moving to Moling and Sun Quan followed it; afterwards he died of illness on the way to fetch his family, and the letter he entrusted to his son as he was dying discussed how a ruler should make use of loyal advice. The Biography of the Lord of Wu records that the move to Moling took place in the 16th year of Jian'an (211). Romance, Ch. 61 §27–28Records, Wu 8 §6–7Records, Wu 2 §17
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.