RBrave, fierce, decisive and resolute, with the bearing of Sun CeWu 6 §34
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a rough-natured warriorCh. 38 §31
| Occupation | RGeneral · Lieutenant General · Administrator of Danyang NGeneral · Administrator of Danyang | Faction | Wu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | Book of Wu |
| Born | R184 Unverified | Native place | Wu Commandery Fuchun County Unverified |
| Died | R204 Unverified | Place of death | NDanyang Commandery |
| Cause of death | RKilled NKilled Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R6 |
Sun Yi, courtesy name Shubi, was the younger brother of Sun Quan. Brave, fierce, decisive and resolute, he had the bearing of his elder brother Sun Ce. In the 8th year of Jian'an (203), at the age of twenty, he served as Lieutenant General and concurrently as Administrator of Danyang, but the following year, the 9th year of Jian'an (204), he was murdered by his attendant Bian Hong. His post of Administrator of Danyang was taken over by his cousin Sun Yu. Records, Wu 6 §34Records, Wu 2 §8
Chen Shou placed a short biography of him in the Biographies of the Imperial Clan in Records of Wu 6, and in the assessment of the Biographies of the Imperial Clan he only praised the Sun family members together and did not discuss Sun Yi separately. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 7 as the third son of Sun Jian, and he appears in 2 of its 120 chapters; his name is in no chapter title. In Chapter 38 he dies by Bian Hong's sword after a banquet, and his wife Lady Xu avenges him. Records, Wu 6 §33–35 · 52Romance, Ch. 7 §29Romance, Ch. 38 §32 · 36
Sun Yi, courtesy name Shubi, was the younger brother of Sun Quan. Sun Jian's four sons were Sun Ce, Sun Quan, Sun Yi and Sun Kuang. Sun Yi was brave, fierce, decisive and resolute, and had the bearing of his elder brother Sun Ce. Records, Wu 6 §34Records, Wu 1 §22
At the time when Sun Ce was bringing Jiangdong under his control, Yuan Shao was at the height of his power, and Cao Cao, not yet able to exert his strength as he wished, sought for the moment to placate Sun Ce. Cao Cao therefore summoned both of Sun Ce's younger brothers, Sun Quan and Sun Yi, with due courtesy. Sun Yi's biography records that the Administrator Zhu Zhi recommended him as Filial and Incorrupt and that the Minister of Works summoned him. Records, Wu 1 §35Records, Wu 6 §34
According to the Biography of Zhu Zhi, Sun Yi was sharp and hasty by nature and gave free rein to his joy and anger, and Zhu Zhi repeatedly rebuked and instructed him and enlightened him with moral principles. Records, Wu 11 §7
In the 8th year of Jian'an (203) Sun Yi served as Lieutenant General and concurrently as Administrator of Danyang; he was then twenty years old. Earlier, when Sun Quan killed Sheng Xian, the Administrator of Wu Commandery, Gui Lan and Dai Yuan, whom Sheng Xian had recommended as Filial and Incorrupt, had fled and hidden in the mountains. On becoming Administrator of Danyang, Sun Yi invited them both with due courtesy; Gui Lan became Grand Commander in charge of the troops and Dai Yuan became Assistant of the Commandery. Records, Wu 6 §34 · 41
Sun Yi was later murdered after all by his attendant Bian Hong, and Bian Hong too was executed soon after. The Biography of the Lord of Wu records that in the 9th year of Jian'an (204), when Sun Quan's younger brother Sun Yi, Administrator of Danyang, was harmed by his attendants, Sun Quan had his cousin Sun Yu replace him. Records, Wu 6 §34Records, Wu 2 §8
When Sun Yi was harmed, Sun He galloped to Wanling and angrily rebuked Gui Lan and Dai Yuan for failing to keep proper watch and letting a treacherous outrage take place. The two conferred, saying, 'Bohai is only a distant relative of the general and yet he rebukes us like this. If the General Who Attacks Barbarians comes, not one of us will be left,' and killed Sun He. They then sent men north to welcome Liu Fu, Inspector of Yang Province, and have him stay at Liyang, intending to respond to him with Danyang. Just then Sun Yi's retainers Xu Yuan, Sun Gao, Fu Ying and others killed Gui Lan and Dai Yuan. Sun Quan, hearing of the upheaval, returned from Jiaoqiu, pacified Danyang on the way, and led his army back to Wu. Records, Wu 6 §42–43
His son Sun Song became Colonel of Archers Who Shoot at a Sound and Marquis of a Chief District, and died in the 3rd year of Huanglong (231). Zhuge Liang, Chancellor of Shu, wrote in a letter to his elder brother Zhuge Jin that, having received generous treatment from the eastern court, he felt attached to its young men; that Ziqiao had been a fine talent, so that he grieved for him; and that seeing the objects Ziqiao had given him moved him to tears. Chen Shou wrote that Zhuge Liang said this because his adopted son Zhuge Qiao had told him about Sun Song. Records, Wu 6 §34–35
In the assessment of the Biographies of the Imperial Clan, Chen Shou said that he had written about the Sun family members in detail because some had helped lay the first foundations of the state and some had guarded the frontiers, equal to their duties and not disgracing their honors, but he did not single out Sun Yi for discussion. Records, Wu 6 §52
Chapter 7 of the Romance introduces Sun Jian's sons in the passage where he raises troops to attack Liu Biao, saying that of the four sons borne by Lady Wu the third was named Yi, with the courtesy name Shubi. Romance, Ch. 7 §29
In Chapter 38, Sun Yi, Administrator of Danyang, is rough by nature and fond of wine, and when drunk he habitually flogs his soldiers. Gui Lan, the Supervising Commander of Danyang, and Dai Yuan, Assistant of the Commandery, constantly harbor the intention of killing Sun Yi, and, making common cause with Sun Yi's attendant Bian Hong, they plot together to kill him. When the generals and county magistrates gather at Danyang, Sun Yi holds a banquet. His wife Lady Xu is highly skilled at divination by the Book of Changes, and saying that the hexagram she has drawn that day is extremely ominous, she urges him not to go out and meet his guests, but Sun Yi does not listen. Romance, Ch. 38 §31–32
When the gathering breaks up in the evening, Bian Hong, wearing a sword, follows him out of the gate and at once draws the sword and cuts Sun Yi down. Gui Lan and Dai Yuan lay the blame on Bian Hong and behead him in the marketplace, and taking advantage of the situation they seize Sun Yi's property and his concubines. When Gui Lan tells Lady Xu that she will die if she does not go along with him, she puts him off, saying that it will not be too late to marry after she has held the sacrifice on the last day of the month and put off her mourning clothes. Romance, Ch. 38 §32
Lady Xu secretly summons to the official residence Sun Gao and Fu Ying, old generals who had been Sun Yi's trusted men, and in tears asks them to avenge him, and the two send a trusted messenger to inform Sun Quan. On the last day of the month Lady Xu hides the two behind the curtains of an inner chamber, and after finishing the sacrifice she takes off her mourning clothes, dresses herself finely, invites Gui Lan to drink and calls him into the inner chamber. When Lady Xu gives a loud cry, the two leap out from behind the curtains with swords in hand; Gui Lan is felled by Fu Ying's sword and then killed on the spot by Sun Gao's sword. Dai Yuan, invited to the feast next, is also killed by the two. Romance, Ch. 38 §33–36
Lady Xu puts her mourning clothes on again and offers the heads of Gui Lan and Dai Yuan in sacrifice before Sun Yi's spirit tablet. Before long Sun Quan himself arrives at Danyang leading his troops, appoints Sun Gao and Fu Ying Generals of the Standard to guard Danyang, and takes Lady Xu to his home to support her for the rest of her life. The Romance then includes a poem by a later writer praising Lady Xu as 'the heroine of Eastern Wu'. Romance, Ch. 38 §37–38
Character: In Chapter 38 of the Romance, Sun Yi is rough by nature and fond of wine, and flogs his soldiers when drunk. The Biography of Sun Yi in the Records says that he was brave, fierce, decisive and resolute and had the bearing of Sun Ce, and the Biography of Zhu Zhi records that he was sharp and hasty by nature and gave free rein to his joy and anger, so that Zhu Zhi rebuked and instructed him. The wine and the flogging are not in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 38 §31Records, Wu 6 §34Records, Wu 11 §7
Year of death: Chapter 38 of the Romance gives no year for Sun Yi's death and places the episode right after Sun Quan's attack on Huang Zu in the 11th month of the 8th year of Jian'an. The Biography of the Lord of Wu in the Records records it as an event of the 9th year of Jian'an (204). Romance, Ch. 38 §30–31Records, Wu 2 §8
Who plotted the murder: In Chapter 38 of the Romance, Gui Lan, the Supervising Commander of Danyang, and Dai Yuan, Assistant of the Commandery, conspire with Bian Hong to have him kill Sun Yi. Chen Shou's main text records only that Sun Yi was murdered by his attendant Bian Hong. Gui Lan and Dai Yuan were men whom Sun Yi had invited with due courtesy and made Grand Commander and Assistant of the Commandery, and Chen Shou's main text does not say that they plotted Sun Yi's death. Romance, Ch. 38 §31Records, Wu 6 §34 · 41–42
The execution of Bian Hong: In Chapter 38 of the Romance, Gui Lan and Dai Yuan lay the blame on Bian Hong and behead him in the marketplace. The Records says only that Bian Hong too was executed soon after, without stating who killed him. Romance, Ch. 38 §32Records, Wu 6 §34
The end of Gui Lan and Dai Yuan: In Chapter 38 of the Romance, his wife Lady Xu draws Gui Lan in on the pretext of the sacrifice on the last day of the month, and Sun Gao and Fu Ying, lying in wait, kill Gui Lan and Dai Yuan. In Chen Shou's main text, Gui Lan and Dai Yuan killed Sun He, who had rebuked them over Sun Yi's death, and tried to welcome Liu Fu, Inspector of Yang Province, before being killed by Sun Yi's retainers Xu Yuan, Sun Gao, Fu Ying and others. Lady Xu and her stratagem do not appear in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 38 §35–36Records, Wu 6 §42
Sun Quan's response: In Chapter 38 of the Romance, Sun Quan comes to Danyang in person, appoints Sun Gao and Fu Ying Generals of the Standard to guard Danyang, and takes Lady Xu in to support her. In Chen Shou's main text, Sun Quan, hearing of the upheaval, returned from Jiaoqiu, pacified Danyang on the way and went back to Wu, and entrusted the post of Administrator of Danyang to his cousin Sun Yu. The appointment of Sun Gao and Fu Ying as Generals of the Standard is not in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 38 §37Records, Wu 6 §43Records, Wu 2 §8
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RBrave, fierce, decisive and resolute, with the bearing of Sun CeWu 6 §34
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a rough-natured warriorCh. 38 §31
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a general of the ruling clanWu 6 §34
NFond of wine, he habitually flogged his soldiers when drunkCh. 38 §31
RRecommended as Filial and Incorrupt; his retainers Xu Yuan, Sun Gao and Fu Ying avenged himWu 6 §34Wu 6 §42
NHis subordinates sought to kill him, but Sun Gao and Fu Ying were grateful for his kindnessCh. 38 §31Ch. 38 §34
RNo direct record — only his murder by his attendants is recordedWu 6 §34
NIgnored the warning of an ominous hexagram, went to the banquet and was murderedCh. 38 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Lieutenant General and Administrator of DanyangWu 6 §34
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Administrator of DanyangCh. 38 §31
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Lieutenant GeneralWu 6 §34
NIgnored his wife's warning of an ominous hexagramCh. 38 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Administrator of DanyangWu 6 §34
NNo direct record — estimated from his post as Administrator of DanyangCh. 38 §31
RNo direct record — estimated from his martial temperamentWu 6 §34
NNo direct record — estimated from his rough natureCh. 38 §31
RInvited Gui Lan and Dai Yuan with due courtesy, but the two later rebelledWu 6 §41Wu 6 §42
NNo direct record — estimated from his murder by Gui Lan and Dai YuanCh. 38 §31
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
| Parents | Lady Wu (Sun Jian) Novel & History, Sun Jian Novel & History |
|---|---|
| Spouse | Lady Xu Romance |
| Siblings | Lady Sun Novel & History, Sun Quan Novel & History, Sun Ce Novel & History, Sun Kuang Novel & History |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.