RNo direct record — estimated from his being a Hu kingWu 13 §21
NShot Gan Ning dead with an arrow and fought Zhou Tai for more than twenty boutsCh. 83 §13Ch. 83 §14Ch. 84 §39
Shamoke 沙摩柯
| Occupation | RRuler · Hu King NRuler · King of the Man | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | R? N? Unverified | Native place | |
| Died | R222 N(same) Unverified | Place of death | |
| Cause of death | RKilled in battle NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R1 |
Profile
Shamoke was a Hu (barbarian) king who was beheaded by Lu Xun's army together with Zhang Nan and Feng Xi in the battle of Yiling. He has no biography of his own in the Records, and his name appears only once, in the Biography of Lu Xun in Records of Wu 13. Records, Wu 13 §21
In the 1st year of Huangwu (222), when Liu Bei came toward Wu's western border at the head of a great army, Lu Xun had his soldiers carry thatch grass, took the camps by fire attack, and led all his armies in a simultaneous assault. It was then that Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, the Hu king Shamoke and others were beheaded. Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, his origins, or which group he led. Records, Wu 13 §17 · 21
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 82 as 'Shamoke, King of the Man' in a spy's report, and he appears in 4 of its 120 chapters, Chapters 82 to 85; no chapter has his name in its title. In Chapter 83 he shoots Gan Ning with an arrow and causes his death, and in Chapter 84, fleeing alone on horseback, he is killed by Zhou Tai. Romance, Ch. 82 §18Romance, Ch. 83 §14Romance, Ch. 84 §39
In the Records
In the autumn, the 7th month, of the 1st year of Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei, enraged that Sun Quan had attacked Guan Yu by surprise, led his armies against Wu. When the generals Wu Ban and Feng Xi defeated the Wu general Li Yi and others at Wu County and encamped at Zigui, the Man peoples of the Five Streams of Wuling sent envoys asking for troops. In the 2nd month of the following year Liu Bei set up camp at Xiaoting in Yidao and opened a road from Henshan to Wuling, then sent the Palace Attendant Ma Liang to pacify the Man peoples of the Five Streams, and they all rose together in response. Records, Shu 2 §68–70
The Biography of the Lord of Wu likewise records that Liu Bei, having reached Wushan and Zigui, sent envoys to win over the Man peoples of Wuling, giving them seals and passes and promising them fiefs and rewards, so that the various counties and the people of the Five Streams all rebelled and went over to Shu. According to the Biography of Lu Xun, Liu Bei set up dozens of encampments from the Wu Gorge and Jianping to the border of Yiling and stirred up the various Yi peoples with gold, brocade, ranks and rewards. Chen Shou's main text does not make clear to which of these groups Shamoke belonged. Records, Wu 2 §39Records, Wu 13 §17
When the two sides had faced each other for seven or eight months and the generals said that an attack would now bring no advantage, Lu Xun said that Liu Bei's army was worn out and its spirit broken, and that now was exactly the time to strike. Lu Xun first attacked one camp, and when that went badly, he had each soldier carry a bundle of thatch grass and took the camps by fire attack. Once the momentum was established, he led all his armies in a simultaneous assault, beheaded Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, the Hu king Shamoke and others, and broke more than forty camps. Liu Bei's generals Du Lu, Liu Ning and others, driven into a corner, asked to surrender. Records, Wu 13 §20–21
The Biography of the Lord of Wu says that the fighting lasted from the 1st month of the 1st year of Huangwu to the intercalary month and that the Shu army was crushed, and the Biography of the First Sovereign records that more than ten days after a yellow vapor appeared at Zigui in the summer, the 6th month, Lu Yi (Lu Xun) crushed Liu Bei's army at Xiaoting, and the generals Feng Xi, Zhang Nan and others were all killed. This one passage in the Biography of Lu Xun is the only place in Chen Shou's main text where Shamoke's name appears. Records, Wu 2 §41Records, Shu 2 §71Records, Wu 13 §21
In the Romance
In Chapter 81 of the Romance, Liu Bei resolves to attack Wu and sends an envoy to the Five Streams to borrow 50,000 foreign troops, and with several hundred generals of Xichuan and the foreign commanders of the Five Streams his army comes to 750,000. In Chapter 82 a Wu spy reports that the ruler of Shu is advancing by land and water together, leading the great army of his own state, tens of thousands of foreign troops under Shamoke, King of the Man, and the two columns of Du Lu and Liu Ning, Han generals of Dongxi. Romance, Ch. 81 §3 · 13Romance, Ch. 82 §18
In Chapter 83, Gan Ning, who has been nursing an illness aboard ship, hurriedly mounts his horse on hearing that the Shu army has arrived in force, and runs into a band of Man troops. All of them have loose hair and bare feet, and at their head is the foreign king Shamoke, whose face is red as if spattered with blood and whose green eyes bulge out; he wields an iron caltrop-headed mace and carries two bows at his waist. Gan Ning, unable to face him, flees, but is struck in the head by an arrow shot by Shamoke, and, with the arrow still lodged in him, reaches Fuchikou, sits down beneath a great tree and dies. Romance, Ch. 83 §13–14
In Chapter 84, to test the strength and weakness of the Shu army, Lu Xun has the junior officer Chunyu Dan attack with 5,000 troops the fourth camp south of the river, held by Fu Tong. Chunyu Dan, driven back by Fu Tong and fleeing, has his way blocked by Zhao Rong and loses more than half his troops, and then has his way blocked again by the foreign commander Shamoke, who comes out from behind a hill leading Man troops. Chunyu Dan fights desperately and barely escapes, and Xu Sheng and Ding Feng rescue him and take him back. Romance, Ch. 84 §17–19
In the same chapter, when the Shu army collapses, Shamoke, King of the Man, flees alone on horseback, runs into Zhou Tai, and after fighting more than twenty bouts is killed by Zhou Tai. Du Lu and Liu Ning both surrender to Wu. In Chapter 85, the First Sovereign, staying at Baidi, hears the report that Feng Xi, Zhang Nan, Fu Tong, Cheng Ji, Shamoke and others have all given their lives in the service of the state, and grieves without end. Romance, Ch. 84 §39Romance, Ch. 85 §2
Where the Romance differs
How his troops came: In Chapter 81 of the Romance, Liu Bei sends an envoy to the Five Streams to borrow 50,000 foreign troops, and in Chapter 82 Shamoke comes as King of the Man at the head of tens of thousands of foreign troops. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, the Man peoples of the Five Streams of Wuling first sent envoys asking for troops, and the following year, when Liu Bei sent Ma Liang to pacify them, they rose together in response. Chen Shou's main text does not directly connect Shamoke with the Man peoples of the Five Streams. Romance, Ch. 81 §3Romance, Ch. 82 §18Records, Shu 2 §69–70Records, Wu 13 §21
Title: The Romance calls him 'King of the Man' (manwang) in Chapters 82 and 84, 'foreign king' (fanwang) in Chapter 83, and 'foreign commander' (fanjiang) in the Chunyu Dan episode of Chapter 84. The Biography of Lu Xun in the Records writes 'Hu king' (huwang). Romance, Ch. 82 §18Romance, Ch. 83 §13Romance, Ch. 84 §18 · 39Records, Wu 13 §21
Appearance and weapons: Chapter 83 of the Romance portrays him with a face red as if spattered with blood, bulging green eyes, an iron caltrop-headed mace and two bows. The Biography of Lu Xun in the Records records only his name and the title 'Hu king'. Romance, Ch. 83 §13Records, Wu 13 §21
Gan Ning's death: In Chapter 83 of the Romance, Gan Ning is struck in the head by Shamoke's arrow and dies at Fuchikou. The Biography of Gan Ning in the Records says only that 'when Gan Ning died, Sun Quan grieved deeply for him,' without making clear when or how he died. Nor is Gan Ning among the generals whom the Biography of Lu Xun names as serving under Lu Xun at Yiling. Romance, Ch. 83 §14Records, Wu 10 §68Records, Wu 13 §17
The fight with Chunyu Dan: In Chapter 84 of the Romance, Shamoke blocks from behind a hill the way of Chunyu Dan, whom Lu Xun has sent out as a test. The Biography of Lu Xun in the Records says only that Lu Xun first attacked one camp and that it went badly, without naming the general who went into that fight or those who opposed him. Romance, Ch. 84 §17–18Records, Wu 13 §21
How he died: In Chapter 84 of the Romance, Shamoke flees alone on horseback and, after fighting more than twenty bouts with Zhou Tai, is killed by Zhou Tai. In the Biography of Lu Xun in the Records, Lu Xun led all his armies in a simultaneous assault and beheaded Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, Shamoke and others, and the name of the man who killed him is not recorded. The Biography of Zhou Tai in the Records does not mention the battle of Yiling. Romance, Ch. 84 §39Records, Wu 13 §21Records, Wu 10 §26–32
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total361 / 1000Rank 842 of 996 · Top 85%Romance total423 / 1000Rank 358 of 1,113 · Top 33%
Romance adaptation index+62Romance total − Records total
- LEA4255+13
- STR4572+27
- INT3333±0
- POL3131±0
- CHA4045+5
- VIR4055+15
- ADP3335+2
- SCH3131±0
- DIP3333±0
- DIS3333±0
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a Hu king who joined Liu Bei's armyWu 13 §21
NJoined the Shu army leading tens of thousands of Man troops and blocked Chunyu Dan's retreatCh. 82 §18Ch. 84 §18
7 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 83 §13
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a Hu kingWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — estimated from his being King of the ManCh. 82 §18
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a Hu kingWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a foreign king of imposing presenceCh. 83 §13
RNo direct record — beheaded in Lu Xun's fire attackWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — killed while fleeing alone on horsebackCh. 84 §39
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a Hu kingWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — estimated from his being King of the ManCh. 83 §13
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 82 §18
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWu 13 §21
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 82 §18
Special — talents Records +0 · Romance +10
-
Archery
NSkilled +10 Carried two bows at his waist and shot Gan Ning in the headCh. 83 §13Ch. 83 §14
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (4)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Related events (2)
- Lu Xun Burns Seven Hundred Li of Camps 222 · Appears (Romance scene)
- Liu Bei Catches His Enemies at Xiaoting 222 · Appears (Romance scene)
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).
Items owned or made (1)
- Tiejili Guduo · Weapon · 222 · Romance
Ownership and authorship assigned by 3KDEX from source sentences — not yet reviewed (unverified).