Zhou Bi 周毖

RecordsRomance Courtesy name 仲遠 Zhongyuan주비중원

Profile
OccupationROfficial · Master of Writing for Personnel NOfficial · Master of WritingFaction
AppearsRNBiography in
BornR? UnverifiedNative placeHanyang Commandery
DiedR190 UnverifiedPlace of deathNLuoyang County
Cause of deathRExecuted NExecuted Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR5

Profile

Zhou Bi was a man of Hanyang. When Emperor Ling died and Dong Zhuo seized power, he became Master of Writing for Personnel and, together with Xu Jing, admitted and dismissed the scholars of the realm. The Records give him no biography of his own; his name appears in the account of Xu Jing in the Biographies of Xu, Mi, Sun, Jian, Yi and Qin in Records of Shu 8, and in the accounts of Dong Zhuo and Yuan Shao in the Biographies of Dong, the Two Yuans and Liu in Records of Wei 6. Records, Shu 8 §2Records, Wei 6 §10 · 37

When Yuan Shao fled to escape Dong Zhuo, Zhou Bi, together with Wu Qiong, Colonel of the City Gates, He Yong, Court Gentleman for Consultation, and others, persuaded Dong Zhuo to make Yuan Shao Administrator of Bohai. But when Han Fu, Liu Dai, Kong Zhou, Zhang Miao and others whom they had recommended reached their posts and raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo, Dong Zhuo rebuked Zhou Bi, sent him out and had him beheaded outside. Records, Wei 6 §37–38 · 10Records, Shu 8 §3–4

Chen Shou did not mention him separately in his assessments in volumes 6 and 8. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 4 as Palace Attendant and urges Dong Zhuo to pardon Yuan Shao and make him administrator of a commandery, and in Chapter 6, as Master of Writing, he remonstrates together with Wu Qiong against moving the capital to Chang'an and is beheaded outside the gate of the capital. He appears in 2 of the 120 chapters, and his name does not appear in any chapter title. Records, Wei 6 §96Records, Shu 8 §59Romance, Ch. 4 §2–3Romance, Ch. 6 §7–8

In the Records

When Emperor Ling died and Dong Zhuo took charge of the government, he made Zhou Bi of Hanyang Master of Writing for Personnel. Zhou Bi deliberated together with Xu Jing, who as a Gentleman of the Masters of Writing was in charge of selecting officials, and they admitted and dismissed the scholars of the realm, weeding out the corrupt and bringing to light and promoting men of talent who had been overlooked. Records, Shu 8 §2

When Dong Zhuo discussed with Yuan Shao his plan to depose the emperor and set up the Prince of Chenliu, Yuan Shao, holding his sword crosswise, made a long bow and left, and fled to Ji Province. Chen Shou recorded that the Palace Attendant Zhou Bi, the Colonel of the City Gates Wu Qiong, the Court Gentleman for Consultation He Yong and others were all men of renown who enjoyed Dong Zhuo's trust but secretly took Yuan Shao's side. They persuaded Dong Zhuo that Yuan Shao, not understanding the larger picture, had simply fled out of fear and had no other intention; that if a bounty were pressed on him, he would surely cause an uprising; and that since the Yuan family had bestowed favours for four generations and their disciples and former subordinates were spread across the realm, it would be better to pardon him and make him administrator of a commandery. Dong Zhuo agreed, made Yuan Shao Administrator of Bohai and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Kang Village. Records, Wei 6 §37–38

At this time Xun Shuang, Han Rong, Chen Ji and others of Yingchuan were promoted to be Excellencies, ministers and commandery administrators; the Master of Writing Han Fu became Governor of Ji Province, the Palace Attendant Liu Dai Inspector of Yan Province, Zhang Zi of Yingchuan Administrator of Nanyang, Kong Zhou of Chenliu Inspector of Yu Province, and Zhang Miao of Dong Commandery Administrator of Chenliu. Records of Wei 6 states that Dong Zhuo trusted and relied on the Master of Writing Zhou Bi, the Colonel of the City Gates Wu Qiong and others, and sent out Han Fu, Liu Dai, Kong Zhou, Zhang Zi, Zhang Miao and others whom they recommended to govern provinces and commanderies. Records, Shu 8 §3Records, Wei 6 §10

In the 1st month of spring in the 1st year of Chuping (190), Han Fu, Liu Dai, Kong Zhou, Zhang Miao and others raised troops all at once together with others. When Han Fu and the others reached their posts and each raised troops and headed for the capital intending to kill Dong Zhuo, Dong Zhuo raged at Zhou Bi: 'You said that good scholars should be promoted and employed, and I followed your plan, not wishing to go against the hearts of the people of the realm. Yet the men you employed have come to plot against me on the very day they reached their posts. Why should I be betrayed like this?' He rebuked Zhou Bi, sent him out and had him beheaded outside. Records of Wei 6 states that Dong Zhuo, believing that Zhou Bi, Wu Qiong and others had colluded with them and sold him out, had them all beheaded. Records, Wei 1 §7Records, Shu 8 §3–4Records, Wei 6 §10

Chen Shou's main text does not record Zhou Bi's courtesy name or the years of his birth and death. In his assessment in volume 6 Chen Shou appraised Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, and in his assessment in volume 8 Xu Jing and others, but he said nothing separately about Zhou Bi. Records, Wei 6 §96Records, Shu 8 §59

In the Romance

In Chapter 4 of the Romance, after Yuan Shao hangs his tally on the East Gate and flees to Ji Province, Dong Zhuo, once the banquet is over, asks the Palace Attendant Zhou Bi and the Colonel Wu Qiong what will come of Yuan Shao's leaving like this. Zhou Bi says that since Yuan Shao has left in anger, pressing a bounty to catch him will surely provoke an uprising, and that the Yuan family has bestowed favours for four generations and its disciples and former subordinates are spread across the realm, so that if heroes rise up taking advantage of this, Shandong will no longer be his lord's; it would be better, he says, to pardon Yuan Shao and make him administrator of a commandery. Wu Qiong adds that Yuan Shao loves scheming but lacks decisiveness and is not worth worrying about, and that same day Dong Zhuo makes Yuan Shao Administrator of Bohai. Romance, Ch. 4 §1–3

In Chapter 6, Dong Zhuo returns to Luoyang to discuss moving the capital to Chang'an, and that same day he dismisses Yang Biao, Huang Wan and Xun Shuang, who remonstrated against it, and makes them commoners. When Dong Zhuo comes out and mounts his carriage, the Master of Writing Zhou Bi and the Colonel of the City Gates Wu Qiong bow toward the carriage, and Zhou Bi says that he has come to remonstrate because he has heard that the Chancellor intends to move the capital to Chang'an. Dong Zhuo flies into a rage, saying that he first listened to the two of them and recommended and employed Yuan Shao, and that now that Yuan Shao has rebelled they must be of the same faction; he shouts at his guards to drag the two men out beyond the city gate and behead them, and then issues the order to move the capital. Romance, Ch. 6 §5 · 7–8

Where the Romance differs

Persuasion on Yuan Shao's behalf: In Chapter 4 of the Romance, in answer to Dong Zhuo's question, Zhou Bi replies that Yuan Shao should be pardoned and made an administrator, and Wu Qiong backs him up. In the Records, the Palace Attendant Zhou Bi, the Colonel of the City Gates Wu Qiong, the Court Gentleman for Consultation He Yong and others persuaded Dong Zhuo together, and Chen Shou records that they secretly took Yuan Shao's side while enjoying Dong Zhuo's trust. Romance, Ch. 4 §2–3Records, Wei 6 §37–38

Selection of officials: Chapters 4 and 6 of the Romance, in which Zhou Bi appears, do not mention his admitting and dismissing the scholars of the realm with Xu Jing as Master of Writing for Personnel, nor Han Fu, Liu Dai, Kong Zhou, Zhang Zi, Zhang Miao and others going out to provinces and commanderies on his recommendation. In the Records, this is what leads to Zhou Bi's death. Romance, Ch. 4 §2Romance, Ch. 6 §7–8Records, Shu 8 §2–4Records, Wei 6 §10

Cause of death: In Chapter 6 of the Romance, when Zhou Bi, together with Wu Qiong, remonstrates against moving the capital to Chang'an, Dong Zhuo cites the earlier occasion when he listened to them and employed Yuan Shao, calls them confederates and beheads them. In the Records, when Han Fu and the others whom they had recommended reached their posts and raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo, Dong Zhuo beheaded them, believing that they had colluded with those men and sold him out. Zhou Bi's remonstrance against moving the capital is not found in the Records' account of Zhou Bi. Romance, Ch. 6 §8Records, Shu 8 §3–4Records, Wei 6 §10

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3131±0
  • STR3131±0
  • INT6260−2
  • POL5845−13
  • CHA5042−8
  • VIR5572+17
  • ADP4040±0
  • SCH4542−3
  • DIP6658−8
  • DIS7245−27
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

DiscernmentR72N45 −27

RWith Xu Jing, sifted the scholars of the realm and promoted overlooked talentShu 8 §2Wei 6 §10

NRecommended Yuan Shao for employment, but Yuan Shao rebelledCh. 6 §8

VirtueR55N72 +17

RServed Dong Zhuo while secretly siding with Yuan Shao, and the men he recommended rose against Dong ZhuoWei 6 §37Wei 6 §10

NRemonstrated before Dong Zhuo's carriage to stop the move of the capital and was beheadedCh. 6 §7Ch. 6 §8

PoliticsR58N45Unverified −13

RAs Master of Writing for Personnel he oversaw the selection of officials and weeded out the corruptShu 8 §2

NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Palace Attendant and Master of WritingCh. 4 §2

7 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Master of Writing for Personnel and Palace AttendantShu 8 §2

    NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Palace Attendant and Master of WritingCh. 4 §2

  • StrengthR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Master of Writing for Personnel and Palace AttendantShu 8 §2

    NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Palace Attendant and Master of WritingCh. 4 §2

  • IntelligenceR62N60 −2

    RWon Dong Zhuo's trust while secretly siding with Yuan Shao, and brought about his pardonWei 6 §37Wei 6 §38

    NForesaw that pursuing Yuan Shao would provoke an uprising and advised making him an administratorCh. 4 §2Ch. 4 §3

  • CharismaR50N42Unverified −8

    REnjoyed Dong Zhuo's trust as a man of renownWei 6 §37

    NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Palace Attendant and Master of WritingCh. 4 §2

  • AdaptabilityR40UnverifiedN40Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Master of Writing for Personnel and Palace AttendantShu 8 §2

    NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Palace Attendant and Master of WritingCh. 4 §2

  • ScholarshipR45UnverifiedN42Unverified −3

    RNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Master of Writing for Personnel and Palace AttendantShu 8 §2

    NNo direct record — estimated from his posts as Palace Attendant and Master of WritingCh. 4 §2

  • DiplomacyR66N58 −8

    RPersuaded Dong Zhuo by citing the Yuan family's favours over four generations, and had Yuan Shao made Administrator of BohaiWei 6 §38

    NPersuaded Dong Zhuo to make Yuan Shao Administrator of BohaiCh. 4 §2Ch. 4 §3

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (2)

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