Xu Si 許汜

RecordsRomance 허사许汜

Profile
OccupationROfficial · Attendant Gentleman NStrategistFaction
AppearsRNBiography in
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR5

Profile

Xu Si has no biography of his own in the Records, and in Chen Shou's main text he appears in two passages of the Biographies of Lü Bu, Zhang Miao and Zang Hong (Records of Wei 7). In the 1st year of Xingping (194), while Taizu was away attacking Tao Qian again, he plotted as an Attendant Gentleman, together with Zhang Miao's younger brother Zhang Chao, Chen Gong and Wang Kai, to rise against Taizu. Records, Wei 7 §12

Later, when he was in the company of Liu Biao, Governor of Jing Province, together with Liu Bei, he judged Chen Deng to be 'a man of the lakes and seas who never shed his arrogant spirit', and was rebuked by Liu Bei for having sought fields and inquired about houses even though he bore the name of a gentleman of the state. Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, origins, or the years of his birth and death. In the Romance he appears in Chapter 19 as an adviser to Lü Bu, appearing in only that 1 of its 120 chapters, and goes with Wang Kai to ask Yuan Shu for help. No chapter has his name in its title. Records, Wei 7 §31–33Romance, Ch. 19 §32–35

In the Records

When Lü Bu left Yuan Shao to follow Zhang Yang, he called on Zhang Miao on the way and, on parting, they clasped hands and swore an oath together; Yuan Shao heard of this and bore a deep grudge, and Zhang Miao was uneasy. In the 1st year of Xingping (194), when Taizu went to campaign against Tao Qian again, Zhang Miao's younger brother Zhang Chao plotted to rise against Taizu together with Taizu's general Chen Gong and the Attendant Gentlemen Xu Si and Wang Kai. Records, Wei 7 §12

Chen Gong persuaded Zhang Miao that since the province's army had gone east and left it empty, they should take in Lü Bu and govern Yan Province together, and Zhang Miao followed his advice. Chen Gong led his troops to welcome Lü Bu, made him Governor of Yan Province and occupied Puyang; the commanderies and counties all responded, and only Juancheng, Dong'a and Fan held out for Taizu. Chen Shou's main text does not separately record what Xu Si did in this affair. Records, Wei 7 §12–13

The account of Chen Deng in the Biographies of Lü Bu, Zhang Miao and Zang Hong states that Chen Deng, courtesy name Yuanlong, won an awe-inspiring name at Guangling and died at thirty-nine, and then continues with this episode. Later, Xu Si was in the company of Liu Biao, Governor of Jing Province, together with Liu Bei. When Liu Biao and Liu Bei were discussing the notable men of the realm, Xu Si said, 'Chen Yuanlong is a man of the lakes and seas who has never shed his arrogant spirit.' When Liu Bei asked whether Master Xu's judgment was right, Liu Biao answered that if he said it was wrong, this man was a fine gentleman who would not speak idly, and if he said it was right, Yuanlong's name carried great weight throughout the realm. Records, Wei 7 §31

When Liu Bei asked what had happened, Xu Si said that in the past, during the disorders, he had passed through Xiapi and met Yuanlong, who showed none of a host's regard for a guest, did not speak with him for a long time, and himself climbed onto the large bed to sleep while making his guest sleep on the lower bed. Liu Bei said that since Xu Si bore the name of a gentleman of the state, Yuanlong would have hoped he would worry for the state and forget his own household, but he had sought fields and inquired about houses and said nothing worth taking up, which was what Yuanlong disdained; had it been Liu Bei himself, he would have slept on top of a hundred-foot tower and made Xu Si sleep on the ground. Liu Biao laughed heartily, and Liu Bei said that Yuanlong's civil and martial ability, courage and resolve could be found only among the men of old. These two passages are the only places in Chen Shou's main text where Xu Si appears. Records, Wei 7 §32–33

In the Romance

In Chapter 19 of the Romance, when Lü Bu, besieged in Xiapi, stays inside the city drinking with Lady Yan and Diaochan, his advisers Xu Si and Wang Kai come in and propose a plan: to renew the request for the marriage alliance once agreed with Yuan Shu, so that when his troops come they can attack Cao Cao from inside and outside together. Lü Bu writes a letter that same day and sends the two of them, and when Xu Si says that a detachment must open the way, Zhang Liao and Hao Meng escort them through the encirclement with 1,000 troops. Romance, Ch. 19 §31–33

At Shouchun, when Yuan Shu reproaches them for the earlier killing of his envoy and the breaking of the marriage agreement, Xu Si replies that Lü Bu was misled by Cao Cao's treacherous scheme, and Wang Kai asks for help, saying that when the lips are gone the teeth grow cold. When Yuan Shu says he will send troops if the daughter is sent first, on the way back Xu Si says that they cannot pass by day, so the two of them should go ahead in the middle of the night while Hao Meng guards the rear. The two of them pass Xuande's camp first, but Hao Meng is captured by Zhang Fei. Romance, Ch. 19 §34–36

On his return Xu Si relays Yuan Shu's words to Lü Bu and says that since Hao Meng has been captured Cao Cao will be on his guard, so the general must escort her in person. When Lü Bu proposes sending her that day, Xu Si says that it cannot be done today because it is a day ruled by an evil spirit, and that tomorrow, at the hours of xu and hai, will be most auspicious. The next night Lü Bu sets out with his daughter tied to his back, but is blocked by Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Xuande's troops and cannot break through the encirclement. Romance, Ch. 19 §38–40

Where the Romance differs

First appearance: In Chapter 19 of the Romance, Xu Si first appears as an adviser to Lü Bu, besieged at Xiapi. In the Records he first appears as an Attendant Gentleman who plotted with Zhang Chao, Chen Gong and Wang Kai in the 1st year of Xingping (194) to rise against Taizu, and in the Romance Xu Si does not appear in that affair. Romance, Ch. 19 §32Records, Wei 7 §12

Envoy to Yuan Shu: In Chapter 19 of the Romance, Xu Si and Wang Kai go to Shouchun to ask Yuan Shu for help and exchange words with him over the marriage. The Biographies of Lü Bu, Zhang Miao and Zang Hong in the Records say only that Lü Bu sent someone to ask Yuan Shu for help and that Yuan Shu was unable to help him; the envoys' names are not in Chen Shou's main text. Romance, Ch. 19 §34–35Records, Wei 7 §25–26

The day for sending the daughter: In Chapter 19 of the Romance, Xu Si has the departure put off by a day because it is a day ruled by an evil spirit, and Lü Bu sets out with his daughter on his back and is blocked. The Biographies of Lü Bu, Zhang Miao and Zang Hong in the Records do not have this episode, and say that after asking for help Lü Bu personally led more than a thousand cavalry out to fight, was defeated and held the city. Romance, Ch. 19 §38–40Records, Wei 7 §25

The judgment of Chen Deng: In the Records, Xu Si, in the company of Liu Biao together with Liu Bei, judges Chen Deng a man who never shed his arrogant spirit and is rebutted by Liu Bei. Chapter 19 of the Romance does not have this exchange, and the story does not appear in any other chapter of the Romance either. Records, Wei 7 §31–33Romance, Ch. 19 §32–38

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3131±0
  • STR3131±0
  • INT4552+7
  • POL3833−5
  • CHA4038−2
  • VIR3042+12
  • ADP4248+6
  • SCH5238−14
  • DIP5052+2
  • DIS3535±0
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

ScholarshipR52N38Unverified −14

RLiu Bei said he bore the name of a gentleman of the stateWei 7 §32

NNo direct recordCh. 19 §38

VirtueR30N42Unverified +12

RPlotted to rise against Taizu; Liu Bei rebuked him for seeking only fields and housesWei 7 §12Wei 7 §32

NNo direct recordCh. 19 §35

8 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Attendant GentlemanWei 7 §12

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as an adviserCh. 19 §32

  • StrengthR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWei 7 §12

    NNo direct recordCh. 19 §33

  • IntelligenceR45UnverifiedN52 +7

    RNo direct record — took part in the plot to rebelWei 7 §12

    NProposed renewing the marriage request to Yuan Shu for a pincer attackCh. 19 §32

  • PoliticsR38UnverifiedN33Unverified −5

    RNo direct recordWei 7 §12

    NNo direct recordCh. 19 §32

  • CharismaR40UnverifiedN38Unverified −2

    RNo direct recordWei 7 §31

    NNo direct recordCh. 19 §34

  • AdaptabilityR42N48 +6

    RJoined the rebellion on Zhang Miao's side and later took refuge with Liu BiaoWei 7 §12Wei 7 §31

    NSaying they could not pass by day, went ahead at night and left the rear to Hao MengCh. 19 §35

  • DiplomacyR50N52 +2

    RBefore Liu Biao, judged Chen Yuanlong a man of the lakes and seasWei 7 §31

    NWent as envoy to Yuan Shu to ask for help, but got only the answer to send the daughter firstCh. 19 §34Ch. 19 §35

  • DiscernmentR35N35Unverified ±0

    RJudged Chen Deng arrogant, but Liu Bei rebutted him and praised Chen DengWei 7 §31Wei 7 §33

    NNo direct recordCh. 19 §38

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (1)

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