RNo direct record — estimated from the record calling him a noted man of Jing ProvinceWei 1 §104
NNo direct recordCh. 23 §23
| Occupation | RNOfficial · Grand Herald | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Yiyang Commandery | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R8 |
Han Song served under Liu Biao as Attendant Officer of the Household. He has no biography of his own in the Records and appears in the biography of Liu Biao and the Annals of Emperor Wu. When Taizu faced Yuan Shao at Guandu, he joined the Attendant Officer with Separate Carriage Liu Xian in urging Liu Biao to bring the whole province over to Lord Cao, and after going to Taizu and back on Liu Biao's orders, he urged Liu Biao to send a son in as a hostage, aroused Liu Biao's suspicion and nearly lost his life. Records, Wei 6 §86–88
After Liu Biao died, he joined Kuai Yue, Fu Xun and others in urging Liu Cong to submit to Taizu, and when Jing Province was pacified he became Grand Herald. Records, Wei 6 §89 · 91 · 94
Chen Shou does not deal with Han Song in his assessment in Records of Wei 6. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 23 as Liu Biao's Attendant Officer and General of the Household (congshi zhonglang jiang) and appears in 2 of the 120 chapters, with no chapter title bearing his name. In Chapter 23 he goes to Xudu and back and is nearly killed by Liu Biao, and in Chapter 42 Cao Cao, having entered Jing Province, releases him from confinement and makes him Grand Herald. Records, Wei 6 §96–97Romance, Ch. 23 §23 · 26Romance, Ch. 42 §26
Just as Taizu was facing Yuan Shao at Guandu, Yuan Shao sent men to ask for help; Liu Biao agreed but did not come, nor did he help Taizu, meaning to hold the land between the Yangtze and the Han and watch for changes in the realm. The Attendant Officer of the Household Han Song and the Attendant Officer with Separate Carriage Liu Xian told Liu Biao that now, with heroes contending together and two great rivals locked in a standoff, the weight of the realm rested on the general; if he wished to act, he should rise and take advantage of their exhaustion, and if not, he should choose whom to follow. Records, Wei 6 §86
The two said that if he held a host of 100,000 and merely sat at ease watching, two grievances, that he had seen a worthy man yet could not help him and that he had not responded when asked for peace, would gather upon him, and he would be unable to stay neutral. Since the able men of the realm were all flocking to Lord Cao for his enlightened wisdom, his momentum would surely bring down Yuan Shao and then turn his troops toward the Yangtze and the Han; so the surest plan was to bring the whole province over to Lord Cao, enjoy fortune and rank for a long time and hand them down to his descendants. Records, Wei 6 §87
Liu Biao's senior general Kuai Yue also urged him, but Liu Biao, doubtful as a fox, hesitated and then sent Han Song to Taizu to see how things truly stood. On his return Han Song spoke at length of Taizu's authority and virtue and urged Liu Biao to send a son in as a hostage. Suspecting that Han Song was instead persuading on Taizu's behalf, Liu Biao flew into a rage and meant to kill him, and had the men who had accompanied Han Song tortured to death. Then, learning that Han Song had no ulterior motive, he let the matter drop. Chen Shou wrote that Liu Biao appeared refined and scholarly but at heart was full of suspicion and jealousy, and that all his conduct was of this kind. Records, Wei 6 §88
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208) Taizu set out to attack Liu Biao, but before he arrived Liu Biao died of illness. Earlier, Liu Biao and his wife had loved their youngest son Liu Cong and wished him to succeed, and Cai Mao and Zhang Yun became his partisans, so Liu Cong became the heir. When Kuai Yue, Han Song, the Officer of the Eastern Bureau Fu Xun and others urged Liu Cong to submit to Taizu, Liu Cong asked why he could not hold the land of Chu together with them, preserve his late father's enterprise and watch the realm. Fu Xun said that for a subject to resist his sovereign was defiance and that even with Liu Bei he could not withstand Lord Cao, and when Taizu's army reached Xiangyang, Liu Cong surrendered with the whole province. Records, Wei 6 §89 · 91–93
Taizu made Liu Cong Inspector of Qing Province and enfeoffed him as a full marquis, and fifteen men, Kuai Yue among them, were enfeoffed as marquises. Kuai Yue became Superintendent of the Imperial Household, Han Song Grand Herald, Deng Yi Palace Attendant and Liu Xian Prefect of the Masters of Writing. The Annals of Emperor Wu likewise record that after Liu Cong surrendered, Taizu advanced to Jiangling, assessed the merit of Jing Province's submission, and summoned and employed noted men of Jing Province such as Han Song and Deng Yi. Chen Shou's text does not record the year of Han Song's death. Records, Wei 6 §94Records, Wei 1 §104
In his assessment in Records of Wei 6, Chen Shou said that Yuan Shao and Liu Biao were both outwardly tolerant but inwardly jealous, fond of scheming but unable to decide, unable to use the talent they had and unable to accept good advice when they heard it. Han Song's name does not appear in the assessment. Records, Wei 6 §96
In Chapter 23 of the Romance, with Mi Heng, sent by Cao Cao, already in Jing Province and an envoy from Yuan Shao also arriving, Liu Biao asks his advisers which side he should follow. The Attendant Officer and General of the Household Han Song steps forward and says that with the two great rivals holding out against each other, if Liu Biao wants to do great things he should seize this opening to crush the enemy, and if not, he should choose the better side and follow it. Since Cao Cao will surely strike Yuan Shao first and then turn his troops toward Jiangdong, he advises that nothing would be better than bringing Jing Province over to Cao Cao. Romance, Ch. 23 §22–23
When Liu Biao tells him to go to Xudu first and observe how things stand, Han Song replies that sovereign and subject each have their fixed place. He says in advance that if Liu Biao can obey the Son of Heaven above and follow Lord Cao below, he may send him, but if Liu Biao sends him while still wavering and the Son of Heaven grants him an office, he will become the Son of Heaven's subject and will never again die for the general. Liu Biao tells him to go and look first, saying he has his own ideas. Romance, Ch. 23 §24
When Han Song reaches Xudu, Cao Cao at once makes him Palace Attendant and concurrently Administrator of Lingling. When Xun Yu asks why he has conferred such a weighty post on a man who has merely come to observe and has not the slightest merit, Cao Cao answers only about the matter of Mi Heng and sends Han Song back to Jing Province to talk Liu Biao round. Romance, Ch. 23 §25
When Han Song returns, praises the great virtue of the court and urges Liu Biao to send a son to court to attend the Son of Heaven, Liu Biao flies into a rage, saying, 'You harbor a divided heart,' and moves to behead him. Han Song cries out, 'It is the general who has betrayed me, not I who have betrayed the general,' and when Kuai Liang says that Han Song had already said as much before he left, Liu Biao at last pardons him. Romance, Ch. 23 §26
In Chapter 42, when Guan Yu blocks the land route, Cao Cao suspects an ambush and does not dare to pursue, and fearing that Liu Bei will seize Jiangling first, he hurries to Jiangling through the night. When Jing Province's Headquarters Officer Deng Yi and Attendant Officer with Separate Carriage Liu Xian lead out the soldiers and people and surrender, Cao Cao enters the city and settles the people, then releases the imprisoned Han Song and makes him Grand Herald. Romance, Ch. 42 §26
When he gave his advice: In Chapter 23 of the Romance, when Mi Heng, sent by Cao Cao, and an envoy from Yuan Shao are in Jing Province, Han Song alone steps forward in answer to Liu Biao's question and urges him to side with Cao Cao. In the Records, when Taizu and Yuan Shao faced each other at Guandu, the Attendant Officer of the Household Han Song and the Attendant Officer with Separate Carriage Liu Xian spoke to Liu Biao together, and the senior general Kuai Yue also urged him. Mi Heng does not appear in this passage. Romance, Ch. 23 §23Records, Wei 6 §86 · 88
Words before departing: In Chapter 23 of the Romance, before leaving for Xudu, Han Song says in advance that if the Son of Heaven grants him an office he will become the Son of Heaven's subject and will never again die for the general. Chen Shou's text of the biography of Liu Biao in the Records does not contain these words. Romance, Ch. 23 §24Records, Wei 6 §86–94
The office received at Xudu: In Chapter 23 of the Romance, Cao Cao at once makes Han Song, who has come to Xudu, Palace Attendant and concurrently Administrator of Lingling. Chen Shou's text of the biography of Liu Biao in the Records says only that Han Song went to Taizu, saw how things stood and returned, and does not record any office he received at that time. Romance, Ch. 23 §25Records, Wei 6 §88
After his return: In Chapter 23 of the Romance, when Liu Biao moves to behead him, Han Song cries out that 'it is the general who has betrayed me,' and Kuai Liang backs him up by saying he had said as much before leaving, so he is pardoned. In Chen Shou's text of the Records, Liu Biao let the matter drop only after torturing to death the men who had accompanied Han Song and learning that Han Song had no ulterior motive, and Kuai Liang does not appear. Romance, Ch. 23 §26Records, Wei 6 §88
Liu Cong's surrender: In the biography of Liu Biao in the Records, Kuai Yue, Han Song, the Officer of the Eastern Bureau Fu Xun and others urged Liu Cong to submit to Taizu. In Chapter 40 of the Romance, Fu Xun, Kuai Yue and also Wang Can urge Liu Cong to offer Jing Province to Cao Cao, and Han Song does not appear. Records, Wei 6 §91Romance, Ch. 40 §19–22
How he became Grand Herald: In Chapter 42 of the Romance, Cao Cao enters the city of Jiangling, releases the imprisoned Han Song and makes him Grand Herald. Chen Shou's text of the Records does not say that Han Song was imprisoned. The biography of Liu Biao says that Han Song became Grand Herald after Liu Cong surrendered, and the Annals of Emperor Wu record that after Taizu advanced to Jiangling he summoned and employed noted men of Jing Province such as Han Song and Deng Yi. Romance, Ch. 42 §26Records, Wei 6 §86–94Records, Wei 1 §104
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RNo direct record — estimated from the record calling him a noted man of Jing ProvinceWei 1 §104
NNo direct recordCh. 23 §23
RSummoned and employed as a noted man of Jing ProvinceWei 1 §104
NNo direct recordCh. 23 §26
RNo direct recordWei 6 §94
NNo direct recordCh. 23 §25
RNo direct recordWei 6 §94
NNo direct recordCh. 23 §25
RForesaw that Lord Cao would crush Yuan Shao and then come to the Yangtze and the HanWei 6 §86
NReasoned that while the two great rivals held out, Liu Biao should choose the better side and follow itCh. 23 §23
RNo direct record — estimated from his office as Grand HeraldWei 6 §94
NNo direct record — estimated from his office as Grand HeraldCh. 42 §26
RNearly killed under suspicion, but was found to have no ulterior motiveWei 6 §88
NPromised to do as ordered and in the end never betrayed his lordCh. 23 §24Ch. 23 §26
RRepeatedly urged submission and was enfeoffed as a marquis and made Grand HeraldWei 6 §91Wei 6 §94
NEscaped death because he had spoken his mind in advance before leavingCh. 23 §24Ch. 23 §26
RWent as envoy to see how things stood and on returning explained and argued for Taizu's authority and virtueWei 6 §88Wei 6 §86
NPraised the court's virtue and urged Liu Biao to send a son, but failedCh. 23 §26
RNo direct recordWei 6 §91
NNo direct recordCh. 23 §23
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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