Yin Chun 殷純
| Occupation | ROfficial · Subordinate of the Grand Marshal NOfficial · Grand Marshal | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R1 |
Profile
Yin Chun has no biography of his own in the Records; his name appears once, in the Biography of the First Sovereign in Records of Shu 2. In the 25th year of Jian'an (220), after Emperor Wen of Wei proclaimed himself emperor and word spread that the Han emperor had been killed, he is named as 'Yin Chun, Subordinate of the Grand Marshal' among the officials who jointly submitted a document asking Liu Bei to ascend the imperial throne, citing the River Chart and the Luo Writing, the prophetic and apocryphal texts, and the omens of Heaven. Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, his origins or what became of him afterwards. Records, Shu 2 §55–59
In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 80, one of its 120 chapters, and his name is in no chapter title. After Zhuge Liang, pleading illness, has won the consent of the King of Hanzhong and strikes the screen, he is named as 'Yin Chun, Grand Marshal' among the civil and military officials who come in from outside, prostrate themselves and ask for the great ceremony. Romance, Ch. 80 §34–37
In the Records
According to the Biography of the First Sovereign, in the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an (219) the officials raised the First Sovereign (Liu Bei) up as King of Hanzhong and submitted a memorial to the Han emperor. The memorial said that, in accordance with the old statutes, they were enfeoffing Liu Bei as King of Hanzhong and appointing him Grand Marshal to take command of the Six Armies. Records, Shu 2 §38 · 40 · 45
In the 25th year of Jian'an (220) Emperor Wen of Wei proclaimed himself emperor and changed the era name to Huangchu. When word spread that the Han emperor had been killed, the First Sovereign announced mourning, put on mourning garments and conferred on him the posthumous title Emperor Xiaomin. After this, reports of all manner of auspicious omens came in from many places, day after day and month after month. Thereupon the Consultant and Marquis of Yangquan Liu Bao, the Marquis of Qingyi Xiang Ju, the Lieutenant Generals Zhang Yi (張裔) and Huang Quan, the Subordinate of the Grand Marshal Yin Chun, the Attendant Officer Mounted Escort of Yi Province Zhao Zuo, the Headquarters Attendant Officer Yang Hong, the Libationer Attendant Officer He Zong, the Attendant Officer for Deliberation Du Qiong, and the Attendant Officers for Encouraging Learning Zhang Shuang, Yin Mo and Qiao Zhou, among others, submitted a document. Records, Shu 2 §55
The document said that the River Chart and the Luo Writing and the prophetic and apocryphal texts of the Five Classics had been sifted and made clear by Confucius, and that their confirmations and responses had come down from distant antiquity, and it cited passages such as the Luoshu Zhenyaodu's 'in the ninth generation it meets Bei (備), and they unite to become the time of the emperor' and the Xiaojing Gouming Juelu's 'the emperor is thrice established, and in the ninth meets Bei (備)'. It also recorded that 'my father Qun', while he was alive, had said that a yellow vapour several zhang high had been rising straight up in the southwest for years, and that during the 22nd year of Jian'an (217) a vapour like a banner had several times crossed the middle of the sky from the west to the far east. Records, Shu 2 §55–57
The document said that while the emperor at Xu was still alive the officials had not dared to let these words slip, but that recently Mars had again followed Jupiter, the Year Star, and appeared in the Wei, Mao and Bi lodges. It closed by asking that the Great King respond to Heaven and accord with the people by swiftly taking up the great enterprise and bringing peace to the realm. Records, Shu 2 §58–59
Next the Grand Tutor Xu Jing, the General Who Pacifies the Han Mi Zhu, the General Military Adviser Zhuge Liang, the Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong, the Minister of the Household Huang Zhu, the Minister Steward Wang Mou and others also submitted a document, saying that more than eight hundred officials had submitted documents one after another, all citing auspicious tallies and omens, and that together with the Erudite Xu Ci and the Consultant Meng Guang they would establish the rites, choose an auspicious day and present the imperial title. In the 4th month of the 26th year of Jian'an (221) the First Sovereign ascended the imperial throne south of Wudan in Chengdu. Records, Shu 2 §60 · 64–65
In Chen Shou's main text, this one passage in the Biography of the First Sovereign is the only place where Yin Chun's name appears. His courtesy name, his origins, what he did as Subordinate of the Grand Marshal and his later career are not recorded. Records, Shu 2 §55
In the Romance
In Chapter 80 of the Romance, when word reaches Chengdu that Cao Pi has made himself Emperor of Great Wei and that the Han emperor has already been killed, the King of Hanzhong weeps aloud all day, has the officials put on mourning and offers the posthumous title Emperor Xiaomin. When the King of Hanzhong falls ill from grief over this and entrusts all affairs of government to Kongming, Kongming confers with the Grand Tutor Xu Jing and the Grandee of Splendid Happiness Qiao Zhou, wishing to raise the King of Hanzhong to emperor, and Qiao Zhou cites as signs auspicious winds and felicitous clouds, a yellow vapour soaring up at the northwest corner of Chengdu, and the Emperor Star appearing in the field of the Bi, Wei and Mao lodges. Romance, Ch. 80 §29–30
Kongming and Xu Jing lead the officials in submitting a memorial, but the King of Hanzhong asks whether they wish to plunge him into disloyalty and unrighteousness, shakes out his sleeves and withdraws into the inner palace. When they ask again three days later he still refuses, saying that although he is a descendant of Emperor Jing he has bestowed no benefits on the people. Kongming tells the officials of a plan and stays away, pleading illness, and when the King of Hanzhong comes to see him in person, Kongming draws from him the answer that it will not be too late to act once the Military Adviser has recovered. Romance, Ch. 80 §31–36
Kongming springs up from his couch and strikes the screen once, and the civil and military officials waiting outside all come in, prostrate themselves on the ground and ask that, since His Highness has now consented, a day be chosen to perform the great ceremony. The King of Hanzhong sees that they are the Grand Tutor Xu Jing, the General Who Pacifies the Han Mi Zhu, the Marquis of Qingyi Xiang Ju, the Marquis of Yangquan Liu Bao, the Headquarters Officer Yang Hong, the Officer for Deliberation Du Qiong, the Minister of Ceremonies Lai Gong, the Chamberlain for Attendants Huang Quan, the Libationer He Zong, the Scholar Yin Mo, the Director of Studies Qiao Zhou, the Grand Marshal Yin Chun, the Lieutenant General Zhang Yi (張裔), the Minister Steward Wang Mou, the Erudite Who Illustrates Culture Yi Ji, the Attendant Gentleman Qin Mi and others. The King of Hanzhong exclaims in alarm that it is they who have plunged him into unrighteousness. Romance, Ch. 80 §37–38
With the Erudite Xu Ci and the Consultant Remonstrant Meng Guang in charge of the rites, an altar is built south of Wudan in Chengdu, and after Qiao Zhou reads on the altar the prayer dated the 4th month of the 26th year of Jian'an, the King of Hanzhong receives the jade seal, ascends the imperial throne and changes the era name to the 1st year of Zhangwu. The Romance says only that the officials great and small were promoted and rewarded one by one; it does not record what office Yin Chun received or what became of him afterwards. Romance, Ch. 80 §38–39 · 41–42
Where the Romance differs
Title: In Chapter 80 of the Romance he appears as 'Yin Chun, Grand Marshal'. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records he is 'Yin Chun, Subordinate of the Grand Marshal', and in the Records the post of Grand Marshal was the one the officials gave to Liu Bei, King of Hanzhong, by their memorial in the 24th year of Jian'an (219). Romance, Ch. 80 §37Records, Shu 2 §55 · 45
Where his name appears: In Chapter 80 of the Romance, Yin Chun is one of the officials who come in when Zhuge Liang strikes the screen, prostrate themselves and ask for the great ceremony. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, he is one of the officials who submitted a document asking Liu Bei to ascend the imperial throne, citing the omens of Heaven and the prophetic and apocryphal texts. Romance, Ch. 80 §37Records, Shu 2 §55
Order of names: In Chapter 80 of the Romance, Yin Chun is placed after the Director of Studies Qiao Zhou and before the Lieutenant General Zhang Yi (張裔). In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, he is placed after the Lieutenant Generals Zhang Yi and Huang Quan and before Zhao Zuo, Attendant Officer Mounted Escort of Yi Province, while Xu Jing and Mi Zhu belong to the group that afterwards submitted a separate document together with Zhuge Liang, Lai Gong, Wang Mou and others. Romance, Ch. 80 §37Records, Shu 2 §55 · 60
Who reported the omens: In Chapter 80 of the Romance, Qiao Zhou, conferring with Kongming and Xu Jing, cites the auspicious winds, the yellow vapour to the northwest of Chengdu and the Emperor Star. In the Records, the yellow vapour in the southwest, the movements of the stars and the prophecies of the Luo Writing and other texts are contained in the document submitted jointly by Yin Chun and the other officials. Romance, Ch. 80 §30Records, Shu 2 §55–58
How the accession was urged: In Chapter 80 of the Romance, when the King of Hanzhong refuses again and again, Zhuge Liang wins his consent by a ruse of feigning illness, and Yin Chun is among the officials who come in at his signal. The Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records gives in turn the document of Yin Chun and the others and that of Xu Jing, Mi Zhu, Zhuge Liang and others, and the Biography of Zhuge Liang records that when the First Sovereign would not consent, Zhuge Liang persuaded him by citing the words of Geng Chun. The ruse of feigning illness does not appear. Romance, Ch. 80 §34–37Records, Shu 2 §55 · 60Records, Shu 5 §19–20
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
- LEA3538+3
- STR3333±0
- INT4040±0
- POL4845−3
- CHA4040±0
- VIR4545±0
- ADP4545±0
- SCH4542−3
- DIP4842−6
- DIS3838±0
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.
10 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RServed in office as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RJoined other officials in submitting a document urging the assumption of the imperial titleShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Subordinate of the Grand MarshalShu 2 §55
NNo direct record — estimated from his role as the Grand Marshal who urged the accessionCh. 80 §37
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (1)
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