Liu Xun 劉恂
| Occupation | ROther · Prince of Xinxing | Faction | Shu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | Native place | Zhuo Commandery Zhuo County Unverified | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R1 |
Profile
Liu Xun (劉恂) was a son of the Later Sovereign of Shu-Han. He has no biography of his own in Chen Shou's main text and appears once in the Biography of the Later Sovereign. In the 6th month, in summer, of the 2nd year of Jingyao (259), the Later Sovereign made his sons Liu Chen Prince of Beidi, Liu Xun Prince of Xinxing and Liu Qian Prince of Shangdang. He is a different person from Liu Xun (劉循), whose name is written the same way in Korean. Records, Shu 3 §39
Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, his mother, his age or what became of him afterward, and the assessment in the Biography of the Later Sovereign, in which he appears, does not deal with him either. In the Romance he is named only once, in Chapter 118, as the sixth of the Later Sovereign's seven sons, so that he appears in one of its 120 chapters, and his name is in no chapter title. Records, Shu 3 §39 · 53Romance, Ch. 118 §4
In the Records
In the 1st year of Jingyao (258) Jiang Wei returned to Chengdu, and the eunuch Huang Hao first began to wield power over the government as he pleased. In the 6th month, in summer, of the following year, the 2nd year of Jingyao (259), the Later Sovereign made his sons Liu Chen Prince of Beidi, Liu Xun Prince of Xinxing and Liu Qian Prince of Shangdang. Records, Shu 3 §38–39
Chen Shou's main text does not state his courtesy name, his mother or his age at the time. Nor is there an entry for him in the Biographies of the Consorts and Sons of the Two Rulers, which record the Later Sovereign's consorts and sons. The entries on imperial sons in those biographies cover only the First Sovereign's sons Liu Yong and Liu Li and the Later Sovereign's Crown Prince Liu Xuan. Records, Shu 3 §39Records, Shu 4 §16–25
The Later Sovereign's other sons are also made Crown Prince or princes one after another in the Biography of the Later Sovereign. In the 1st month, in spring, of the 1st year of Yanxi (238) Liu Xuan was made Crown Prince and Liu Yao Prince of Anding; in the 15th year (252) Liu Cong was made Prince of Xihe, and in the 19th year (256) Liu Zan Prince of Xinping. Liu Cong, Prince of Xihe, died in the 1st month, in spring, of the 5th year of Jingyao (262). Chen Shou's main text does not state the order of these sons by age. Records, Shu 3 §19 · 32 · 36 · 42
In the winter of the 6th year of Jingyao (263), when Deng Ai defeated the General of the Guards Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu, the Later Sovereign adopted the plan of Qiao Zhou, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, and surrendered to Deng Ai. On that day Liu Chen, Prince of Beidi, grieving at the fall of the state, first killed his wife and children and then took his own life. The Later Sovereign moved east to Luoyang with his whole household and was enfeoffed as Duke of Anle County; Chen Shou writes only that more than fifty of his sons and grandsons became one of the three commandants (sandu wei) or were enfeoffed as marquises, and does not name Liu Xun. Records, Shu 3 §43 · 46 · 48 · 52
In his assessment in the Biography of the Later Sovereign, Chen Shou argues only that the Later Sovereign was a ruler who followed reason while he entrusted affairs to a worthy chancellor, but became a benighted sovereign once he was led astray by eunuchs, and does not deal with Liu Xun. Records, Shu 3 §53
In the Romance
In Chapter 118 of the Romance, when news reaches Chengdu that Deng Ai has taken Mianzhu and that Zhuge Zhan and his son are already dead, the officials debate fleeing to the seven commanderies of Nanzhong or taking refuge with Wu. Qiao Zhou, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, says that rather than take refuge with Wu it would be better to surrender to Wei, and the next day he submits another memorial remonstrating. When the Later Sovereign, following Qiao Zhou's advice, is about to go out and surrender, his fifth son Liu Chen, Prince of Beidi, comes out from behind a screen and rebukes Qiao Zhou. Romance, Ch. 118 §1–4
At this point the Romance lists the Later Sovereign's seven sons: the eldest was Liu Xuan, the second Liu Yao, the third Liu Cong, the fourth Liu Zan, the fifth Liu Chen, Prince of Beidi, the sixth Liu Xun and the seventh Liu Qu. Of the seven sons, it says, only Liu Chen was intelligent and quick-witted beyond others from childhood, while the rest were all weak and meek. This is the only time Liu Xun's name appears in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 118 §4–5
When the Later Sovereign decides to surrender, Liu Chen, after his wife Lady Cui has died first, kills his three sons and cuts his own throat at the temple of Emperor Zhaolie (Liu Bei). The next day, when the Wei army arrives in force, the Later Sovereign, leading the Crown Prince, the princes and more than sixty of his ministers, with his own hands bound behind him and a coffin carried on a cart, goes out ten li beyond the north gate and surrenders. Romance, Ch. 118 §9–11 · 13
Where the Romance differs
Prince of Xinxing: In Chen Shou's main text, Liu Xun was made Prince of Xinxing in the 6th month, in summer, of the 2nd year of Jingyao (259). The Romance merely names him once, in Chapter 118, and does not record his enfeoffment as Prince of Xinxing. Records, Shu 3 §39Romance, Ch. 118 §4
Brothers and their order: Chapter 118 of the Romance lists Liu Xun as the sixth son. The Biography of the Later Sovereign in Chen Shou's main text only records that Liu Xuan, Liu Yao, Liu Cong, Liu Zan, Liu Chen, Liu Xun and Liu Qian were made Crown Prince or princes, without giving the brothers' order, and Liu Qu does not appear in it. Among the seven sons in the Romance there is no Liu Qian, who was made a prince together with Liu Xun. Romance, Ch. 118 §4Records, Shu 3 §19 · 32 · 36 · 39
Character: Chapter 118 of the Romance writes that of the seven sons only Liu Chen was intelligent and quick-witted, while the rest were all weak and meek. Chen Shou's main text does not record Liu Xun's character. Romance, Ch. 118 §5Records, Shu 3 §39
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
- LEA3531−4
- STR3231−1
- INT3835−3
- POL3835−3
- CHA4040±0
- VIR4045+5
- ADP4035−5
- SCH3840+2
- DIP3635−1
- DIS3633−3
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
No ability differs by 10 or more — the Romance portrays this person much as the Records do.
10 similar abilities — show evidence
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
RNo direct record — recorded only as having been made Prince of XinxingShu 3 §39
NNo direct record — recorded only as the Later Sovereign's sixth sonCh. 118 §4
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (1)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Allegiance history
- Shu · Romance · Romance ch. 118 「六子刘恂」 · Q124718898
Family
| Parents | Liu Shan Novel & History |
|---|---|
| Siblings | Liu Xuan Novel & History, Liu Chen Romance, Liu Qu Romance, Liu Yao(劉瑤) Romance, Liu Zan(劉瓚) Romance |
Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.