RNo direct record — estimated from his being a general of Yuan ShuWei 1 §44
NRun through by Xiahou Dun's spear before three bouts were overCh. 17 §24
Qiao Rui 橋蕤
| Occupation | RGeneral · General-in-Chief NGeneral · Senior General | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | R? Unverified | Native place | |
| Died | R197 Unverified | Place of death | RKu County |
| Cause of death | RKilled in battle NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R7 |
Profile
Qiao Rui was a general of Yuan Shu. After Yuan Shu fled to Jiujiang and took over the government of Yang Province, Qiao Rui became General-in-Chief together with Zhang Xun and others. In autumn, the 9th month of the 2nd year of Jian'an (197), when Yuan Shu invaded Chen, Cao Cao marched east against him, and Yuan Shu abandoned his army and fled, leaving Qiao Rui and others behind. Cao Cao attacked and defeated Qiao Rui and the others and beheaded them all. Records, Wei 6 §73–74Records, Wei 1 §43–44
He has no biography of his own in the Records; his name appears in the Annals of Emperor Wu (Records of Wei 1), the Biographies of Dong Zhuo, the Two Yuans and Liu Biao (Records of Wei 6), the Biographies of Cui Yan, Mao Jie, Xu Yi, He Kui, Xing Yong, Bao Xun and Sima Zhi (Records of Wei 12), the Biographies of Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Yu Jin, Zhang He and Xu Huang (Records of Wei 17), and the Biographies of Sun Jian and Sun Ce (Records of Wu 1). Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name or origin. Records, Wei 1 §44Records, Wei 6 §74Records, Wei 12 §41Records, Wei 17 §28Records, Wu 1 §25
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 15 among the men Yuan Shu gathers to discuss a plan against Sun Ce, and appears in 2 of its 120 chapters; his name is in no chapter title. In Chapter 17, when Yuan Shu, having proclaimed himself emperor, attacks Xu Province in seven columns, Qiao Rui marches against Xiaopei as senior general of the second column, and when Cao Cao comes south on campaign he leads the vanguard and is run through by Xiahou Dun's spear. Romance, Ch. 15 §69Romance, Ch. 17 §3 · 5 · 24
In the Records
Yuan Shu entered Chenliu, and after being heavily defeated by Cao Cao and Yuan Shao he fled to Jiujiang with the remnants of his host, killed Chen Wen, Inspector of Yang Province, and took over the province. Yuan Shu made Zhang Xun, Qiao Rui and others Generals-in-Chief. Records, Wei 6 §73–74
According to the Biography of Sun Ce in Records of Wu 1, when Sun Ce joined Yuan Shu in the 1st year of Xingping (194), Yuan Shu thought him most remarkable and returned Sun Jian's troops to him. The Grand Tutor Ma Midi summoned Sun Ce at Shouchun and memorialized the throne to make him Colonel Who Cherishes Righteousness, and Yuan Shu's chief generals Qiao Rui and Zhang Xun both gave him their wholehearted respect. Records, Wu 1 §25
According to the Biography of He Kui in Records of Wei 12, when Yuan Shu reached Shouchun he summoned He Kui, a man of Yangxia County in Chen Commandery, and although He Kui did not respond, Yuan Shu kept him there. Some time later Yuan Shu, together with Qiao Rui, attacked and besieged Qiyang, which held out firmly for Cao Cao. Because He Kui was a man of that commandery, Yuan Shu tried to coerce him into persuading Qiyang to yield, but He Kui refused, citing the words of Liuxia Hui to Yuan Shu's strategist Li Ye, and fled to hide on Mount Qian. Records, Wei 12 §41–42
In the 2nd year of Jian'an (197), Yuan Shu, wishing to proclaim himself emperor in Huainan, sent a man to inform Lü Bu, but Lü Bu seized the envoy and sent the letter to the court, and Yuan Shu in his anger attacked Lü Bu but was defeated. In autumn, the 9th month, when Yuan Shu invaded Chen, Cao Cao marched east against him. Hearing that Cao Cao was coming in person, Yuan Shu abandoned his army and fled, leaving behind his generals Qiao Rui, Li Feng, Liang Gang and Yue Jiu. Cao Cao arrived, attacked and defeated Qiao Rui and the others and beheaded them all, and Yuan Shu fled across the Huai. Records, Wei 1 §43–44
According to Records of Wei 17, Yue Jin followed Cao Cao in attacking Lü Bu at Puyang, Zhang Chao at Yongqiu and Qiao Rui at Ku County, each time being first to scale the walls and winning merit, and was therefore enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangchang Village. Yu Jin followed Cao Cao in besieging Qiao Rui at Ku County and beheaded Qiao Rui and three other generals, four in all. Records, Wei 17 §20 · 28
In the 5th month of the 18th year of Jian'an (213), the decree of investiture with which the Son of Heaven made Cao Cao Duke of Wei counted among Cao Cao's merits that, although Yuan Shu had usurped and rebelled and run rampant in Huainan, Cao Cao had employed a greatly illustrious plan so that in the campaign of Qiyang Qiao Rui surrendered his head, his keen might spread southward, and Yuan Shu thereby collapsed. Records, Wei 1 §121 · 124
In the Romance
In Chapter 15 of the Romance, when Sun Ce asks for the return of the imperial seal, Yuan Shu, who secretly harbors the ambition to proclaim himself emperor, makes excuses and does not return it, and hastily gathers more than thirty men — the Chief Clerk Yang Dajiang, the Commanders Zhang Xun, Ji Ling and Qiao Rui, the senior generals Lei Bo and Chen Lan and others — to discuss a plan against Sun Ce. Yang Dajiang says that Sun Ce cannot be overcome and proposes attacking Liu Bei first. Romance, Ch. 15 §69–70
In Chapter 17, after establishing the reign title Zhongshi and proclaiming himself emperor, Yuan Shu flies into a rage on hearing that Lü Bu has sent Han Yin under escort to Xudu, where Cao Cao beheaded him, and he makes Zhang Xun General-in-Chief and has a great army of more than 200,000 divided into seven columns to attack Xu Province. Qiao Rui, as senior general of the second column, takes the left, and when Lü Bu has the enemy scouted, Qiao Rui's force is found to be coming to attack Xiaopei. Romance, Ch. 17 §3 · 5
Following Chen Deng's plan, Lü Bu sends a letter to Han Xian and Yang Feng to have them act from within, divides his troops into five columns, and has Gao Shun lead one force to Xiaopei to hold off Qiao Rui. When Han Xian and Yang Feng set fire to Zhang Xun's camp, Zhang Xun is defeated and flees, and Yuan Shu too is badly beaten by Lü Bu and Guan Yu and returns to Huainan after gathering his defeated troops. Romance, Ch. 17 §7–11 · 13–15
When Cao Cao hears that Yuan Shu, out of grain, is plundering Chenliu and comes south on campaign, Yuan Shu has his chief general Qiao Rui lead 50,000 men as the vanguard. The two armies meet at the edge of Shouchun's territory, and Qiao Rui, riding out at the front, fights Xiahou Dun and, before three bouts are over, is run through by Xiahou Dun's spear. Yuan Shu's army is badly defeated and flees back into the city. Romance, Ch. 17 §20 · 24
Where the Romance differs
Rank: In Chapter 17 of the Romance, Qiao Rui appears as senior general of the second of the seven columns, and as chief general when facing Cao Cao. In the Records, Yuan Shu made Zhang Xun, Qiao Rui and others Generals-in-Chief, and the Biography of Sun Ce calls him Yuan Shu's chief general. Romance, Ch. 17 §3 · 24Records, Wei 6 §74Records, Wu 1 §25
The invasion of Xu Province: In Chapter 17 of the Romance, Qiao Rui marches against Xiaopei as one of the seven columns, and Lü Bu sends Gao Shun to hold him off. In the Biography of Lü Bu in the Records, when Yuan Shu joined forces with Han Xian and Yang Feng to attack Lü Bu, the man he sent was his chief general Zhang Xun; Qiao Rui does not appear. Romance, Ch. 17 §5 · 11Records, Wei 7 §24
The siege of Qiyang: In the Biography of He Kui in the Records, Qiao Rui, together with Yuan Shu, attacks and besieges Qiyang, which is holding out firmly for Cao Cao. This episode does not appear in the Romance. Records, Wei 12 §41Romance, Ch. 15 §69Romance, Ch. 17 §24
His death: In Chapter 17 of the Romance, Qiao Rui, leading Yuan Shu's vanguard, fights Xiahou Dun at the edge of Shouchun's territory and is run through by his spear before three bouts are over. In the Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records, Yuan Shu, hearing that Cao Cao was coming in person, abandoned his army and fled, leaving Qiao Rui and others behind, and Cao Cao attacked and defeated them and beheaded them all. The Biography of Yu Jin records that Qiao Rui was besieged at Ku County and that Qiao Rui and three other generals, four in all, were beheaded; Xiahou Dun does not appear in this episode. Romance, Ch. 17 §24Records, Wei 1 §44Records, Wei 17 §28
Where Yuan Shu went: In Chapter 17 of the Romance, after Qiao Rui's death Yuan Shu leaves Li Feng, Yue Jiu, Liang Gang and Chen Ji to hold Shouchun and crosses the Huai. In the Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records, Li Feng, Liang Gang and Yue Jiu were left behind together with Qiao Rui and beheaded along with him, and Yuan Shu fled across the Huai. Romance, Ch. 17 §25Records, Wei 1 §44
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
Abilities
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
Records total354 / 1000Rank 879 of 996 · Top 89%Romance total332 / 1000Rank 1,006 of 1,113 · Top 91%
Romance adaptation index−22Romance total − Records total
- LEA3638+2
- STR4025−15
- INT3535±0
- POL3331−2
- CHA3835−3
- VIR4040±0
- ADP3533−2
- SCH3131±0
- DIP3331−2
- DIS3333±0
Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more
9 similar abilities — show evidence
RBesieged Qiyang, which held firm, and was defeated at KuWei 12 §41Wei 17 §28
NLed the force attacking Xiaopei and a 50,000-man vanguard, but was badly defeatedCh. 17 §5Ch. 17 §24
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWei 1 §44
NNo direct record — estimated from his part in Yuan Shu's councilsCh. 15 §69
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 6 §74
NNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalCh. 15 §69
RNo direct record — estimated from his being Yuan Shu's General-in-ChiefWei 6 §74
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 17 §24
RNo direct record — estimated from his deedsWei 1 §44
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 17 §24
RNo direct record — estimated from his being beheaded while holding the army Yuan Shu abandonedWei 1 §44
NNo direct record — estimated from his deedsCh. 17 §24
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 6 §74
NNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalCh. 15 §69
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 6 §74
NNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalCh. 15 §69
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 6 §74
NNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalCh. 15 §69
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
Romance chapters (2)
AppearsNot present Chapter list →
Related events (1)
- Campaign against Yuan Shu 197~199 · Command
Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).