RSurrendered, then rebelled to answer Yuan Shao's call and raided the area around XuWei 1 §67Shu 2 §17
NRepaid Liu Bei, to whom he had no ties, with his life — stopped his suicide and fought to open a wayCh. 31 §32Ch. 31 §39
| Occupation | RRuler NGeneral | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Cause of death | NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R5 |
Liu Pi was a leader of the Yellow Turban bands of Runan. The Records give him no biography of his own, and his name appears in the Annals of Emperor Wu, the Biography of the First Sovereign and the biography of Yu Jin. Together with He Yi, Huang Shao, He Man and others, each leading a following of tens of thousands, he first answered Yuan Shu and then attached himself to Sun Jian, and in the 1st year of Jian'an (196) he was attacked by Taizu (Cao Cao). Records, Wei 1 §38Records, Wei 17 §28
In the 5th year of Jian'an (200), when Lord Cao faced Yuan Shao at Guandu, Liu Pi turned against Lord Cao, answered Yuan Shao's call and raided the area around Xu. He acted together with Liu Bei, whom Yuan Shao had sent, but after Cao Ren defeated Liu Bei, Liu Pi's camp was also broken. Records, Shu 2 §17–18Records, Wei 1 §67
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 26 as a Yellow Turban chief running rampant in Runan, and he appears in 4 of the 120 chapters, with no chapter title bearing his name. Together with Gong Du he feigns defeat before Guan Yu, he welcomes Liu Bei in Runan, and in Chapter 31 he fights Gao Lan to save Liu Bei and dies before three bouts are over. Romance, Ch. 26 §18 · 24Romance, Ch. 28 §61Romance, Ch. 31 §32
According to the Annals of Emperor Wu, the Yellow Turbans of Runan and Yingchuan, He Yi, Liu Pi, Huang Shao, He Man and others, each had followings of tens of thousands; at first they answered Yuan Shu, and then they attached themselves to Sun Jian. In the 2nd month of the 1st year of Jian'an (196), Taizu advanced his army, attacked and defeated them and beheaded Liu Pi, Huang Shao and others, whereupon He Yi and his followers all surrendered. Records, Wei 1 §36 · 38
The biography of Yu Jin records the same fight as follows. Yu Jin followed Taizu in the campaign against the Yellow Turbans Liu Pi, Huang Shao and others and camped at Banliang; when Huang Shao and the others raided Taizu's camp at night, Yu Jin led his own troops, struck and routed them, beheaded Huang Shao and others and made all their followers surrender. Those whom Yu Jin's biography records as beheaded are Huang Shao and others. Records, Wei 17 §28
In the 5th year of Jian'an (200), when Lord Cao faced Yuan Shao at Guandu, the Yellow Turbans of Runan, Liu Pi and others, turned against Lord Cao and answered Yuan Shao's call. The Annals of Emperor Wu call them 'the bandits of Runan who had surrendered, Liu Pi and others', and record that they rebelled to answer Yuan Shao's call and raided the area around Xu. Records, Shu 2 §17Records, Wei 1 §58 · 67
Yuan Shao had the First Sovereign (Liu Bei) lead troops and attack the area around Xu together with Liu Pi and the others, and the Annals of Emperor Wu record that Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to aid Liu Pi. Around this time Guan Yu escaped and returned to the First Sovereign. Lord Cao sent Cao Ren to attack and defeat them; Liu Bei fled back to Yuan Shao's army, and Lord Cao in the end broke Liu Pi's camp as well. Records, Shu 2 §18Records, Wei 1 §67
In the Records, Liu Pi's name appears up to this point. The Annals of Emperor Wu record that Liu Pi was beheaded in the 1st year of Jian'an, yet the same volume records him again in its entry for the 5th year of Jian'an, and the Biography of the First Sovereign also records him in events of the 5th year of Jian'an. His later deeds and death are not in Chen Shou's main text. In the entry for the 6th year of Jian'an (201) in the Annals of Emperor Wu, when Yuan Shao had Liu Bei attack Runan, those who answered were the Runan bandits Gong Du and others. Records, Wei 1 §38 · 67 · 73Records, Shu 2 §17–18
In Chapter 26 of the Romance, while Cao Cao holds a banquet in Xudu to celebrate Guan Yu's feats, a report comes in that the Yellow Turbans Liu Pi and Gong Du are running rampant in Runan and that Cao Hong has fought them several times without success. Guan Yu volunteers and sets out, and Sun Qian, who is caught as a spy near Runan, says that he had drifted about Runan fleeing the turmoil and that Liu Pi had taken him in. Sun Qian reports that Liu Pi and Gong Du have submitted to Yuan Shao and are helping him attack Cao Cao, and that the next day the two will feign a defeat. Romance, Ch. 26 §18 · 20–22
The next day Gong Du comes out before the lines to fight, flees and says he will yield Runan, and Liu Pi and Gong Du, feigning defeat, scatter in all directions. Guan Yu takes the province and counties and returns to Xuchang. In Chapter 27, Sun Qian relates that after Guan Yu withdrew his troops, Liu Pi and Gong Du retook Runan, sent him to Hebei to make friends with Yuan Shao and invite Xuande, and that Xuande has already gone to Runan to join Liu Pi. Romance, Ch. 26 §23–24Romance, Ch. 27 §47–48
In Chapter 28, Cai Yang, who is cut down by Guan Yu, turns out to be the general whom Cao Cao had sent to Runan to attack Liu Pi. When Guan Yu and Sun Qian reach Runan, Liu Pi and Gong Du receive them, and Liu Pi says that the Imperial Uncle stayed for a few days but, seeing how few troops there were, went back to Hebei to consult Yuan Benchu. In Hebei, Yuan Shao tells Xuande, who offers to go to Jing Province to win over Liu Biao, 'If we gain Liu Biao, that will be far better than Liu Pi', and Guo Tu remonstrates that Liu Bei had earlier gone to win over Liu Pi without accomplishing anything and that he should not be sent. At the end of the chapter, as Xuande is about to abandon Gucheng and go to Runan, Liu Pi and Gong Du send men to invite him, and Xuande goes to Runan and stations himself there. Romance, Ch. 28 §36–37 · 41 · 49 · 51 · 61
In Chapter 31, Xun Yu informs Cao Cao that Liu Bei has gained the tens of thousands of followers of Liu Pi and Gong Du in Runan, has left Liu Pi to hold Runan, and is coming in person to attack Xuchang. When Xiahou Dun circles around behind and breaks Runan, Liu Pi abandons the city and flees, and around daybreak he leads more than a thousand horsemen of the defeated army, escorting Xuande's family, and meets Xuande, who has fled alone. Romance, Ch. 31 §22 · 26–27 · 29–30
With Zhang He blocking the way ahead and Gao Lan at the foot of the hill, Xuande cries out to heaven and draws his sword to cut his own throat. Liu Pi hurriedly stops him, saying, 'Let me fight to the death to seize a way through and save you, General', and engages Gao Lan, but before they have fought three bouts he is cut down by a single stroke of Gao Lan's blade and falls from his horse. Right after that Zhao Yun breaks through the lines and knocks Gao Lan from his horse with his spear. Romance, Ch. 31 §31–33
The first campaign: In Chapter 12 of the Romance, Cao Cao attacks and beheads the Yellow Turbans He Yi and Huang Shao of Runan and Yingchuan, but Liu Pi does not appear in this fight. The Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records record that in the same campaign in the 1st year of Jian'an (196) Liu Pi, Huang Shao and others were beheaded. Romance, Ch. 12 §24 · 33Records, Wei 1 §38
Relations with Guan Yu: In Chapter 26 of the Romance, Guan Yu goes on Cao Cao's orders to attack Liu Pi and Gong Du of Runan and recovers Runan through the two men's feigned defeat. In the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records, Yuan Shao had the First Sovereign attack the area around Xu together with Liu Pi and the others, and around that time Guan Yu escaped and returned to the First Sovereign. There is no record in Chen Shou's main text of Guan Yu attacking Liu Pi. Romance, Ch. 26 §18 · 24Records, Shu 2 §18Records, Wei 1 §67
How he joined Liu Bei: In Chapters 27 and 28 of the Romance, Liu Bei goes to Liu Pi in Runan and joins him as a ploy to get free of Yuan Shao. In the Records, Yuan Shao had the First Sovereign lead troops and attack the area around Xu together with Liu Pi and the others, and the Annals of Emperor Wu record that Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to aid Liu Pi. Romance, Ch. 27 §48Romance, Ch. 28 §41Records, Shu 2 §18Records, Wei 1 §67
Who attacked Liu Pi: In the Romance, Cao Cao sends Guan Yu in Chapter 26 and Cai Yang in Chapter 28 to attack Liu Pi. In the Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records, Cao Ren defeated Liu Bei and then broke Liu Pi's camp as well. In the Biography of the First Sovereign, Cai Yang went to attack the First Sovereign, who had joined forces with Gong Du and others, and was killed by the First Sovereign. Romance, Ch. 26 §18–19Romance, Ch. 28 §37Records, Wei 1 §67Records, Shu 2 §18
The loss of Runan: In Chapter 31 of the Romance, while Liu Bei is away attacking Xuchang, Xiahou Dun breaks Runan and Liu Pi abandons the city and flees. In the entry for the 6th year of Jian'an (201) in the Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records, when Cao Cao marched south against Liu Bei, Liu Bei fled to Liu Biao and Gong Du and the others all scattered, and neither Liu Pi nor Xiahou Dun appears here. Romance, Ch. 31 §22 · 27Records, Wei 1 §73
Death: In Chapter 31 of the Romance, Liu Pi fights Gao Lan to save Liu Bei and is cut down before three bouts are over. The Annals of Emperor Wu in the Records record that Liu Pi was beheaded in the 1st year of Jian'an (196), yet he appears again in the 5th year of Jian'an (200), and his later death is not recorded. Romance, Ch. 31 §32Records, Wei 1 §38 · 67
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RSurrendered, then rebelled to answer Yuan Shao's call and raided the area around XuWei 1 §67Shu 2 §17
NRepaid Liu Bei, to whom he had no ties, with his life — stopped his suicide and fought to open a wayCh. 31 §32Ch. 31 §39
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a leader of a Yellow Turban bandWei 1 §38
NFeigned defeat against Guan Yu and handed over RunanCh. 26 §24
RRepeatedly switched sides, from Yuan Shu to Sun Jian, Taizu and Yuan ShaoWei 1 §38Wei 1 §67
NAbandoned Cao Cao, submitted to Yuan Shao and joined Liu BeiCh. 26 §21Ch. 28 §61
RLed followings of tens of thousands but was repeatedly broken by Taizu and Cao RenWei 1 §38Wei 1 §67
NHolding Runan, was broken by Xiahou Dun and abandoned the city in flightCh. 31 §27
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a leader of a Yellow Turban bandWei 1 §38
NFought Gao Lan and was cut down within three boutsCh. 31 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a leader of a Yellow Turban bandWei 1 §38
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Yellow Turban chief in RunanCh. 28 §41
RGathered followings of tens of thousands in Runan and YingchuanWei 1 §38
NCommanded tens of thousands of followers and took in the wandering Sun QianCh. 26 §20Ch. 31 §22
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a leader of a Yellow Turban bandWei 1 §38
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Yellow Turban chief in RunanCh. 28 §41
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a leader of a Yellow Turban bandWei 1 §38
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Yellow Turban chief in RunanCh. 28 §41
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a leader of a Yellow Turban bandWei 1 §38
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a Yellow Turban chief in RunanCh. 28 §41
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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