Yin Li 殷禮

Records Courtesy name 德嗣 Desi殷礼은례덕사

Profile
OccupationROfficial · Administrator of LinglingFaction
AppearsRBiography in
BornNative placeZuopingyi Commandery Yunyang County
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR12

Profile

Yin Li was an official of Wu, recorded in the biography of Gu Shao as a native of Yunyang. Together with Wu Can of Wucheng and others he rose from humble origins; Gu Shao singled him out, made him a friend and established his reputation, and he rose in office to Administrator of Lingling. He has no separate biography in the Records and appears in the biographies of Gu Shao, Zhang Wen and Zhao Da. Records, Wu 7 §38–39

He had originally been summoned for his skill in divination by signs. Zhang Wen took him along on his embassy to Shu and praised him there, and on his return he served as acting Gentleman of the Census Section of the Masters of Writing. When Zhang Wen was condemned, Sun Quan cited this as one of Zhang Wen's offenses, and the general Luo Tong defended it in a memorial, saying that an envoy praising a minister of his own state brought glory to the state. The biography of Zhao Da records that even when renowned Confucian scholars such as Kan Ze and Yin Li humbled themselves to come and learn from him, Zhao Da kept his arts hidden and would not teach them. Records, Wu 12 §34–35 · 41–43Records, Wu 18 §22

Chen Shou's main text records neither his courtesy name nor his death, and in his assessment he does not discuss him separately. He does not appear in the Romance. Records, Wu 7 §38–39 · 100Records, Wu 12 §34–35

In the Records

Gu Shao became Administrator of Yuzhang at the age of twenty-seven; he had junior clerks of good quality pursue learning and promoted those who advanced first. Earlier, Ding Xu of Qiantang had come from the ranks of corvée laborers and Zhang Bing of Yangxian had been born a commoner, while Wu Can of Wucheng and Yin Li of Yunyang had risen from humble origins; Gu Shao singled them all out, made them his friends and established their reputations. Later Ding Xu rose to Gentleman of the Household in Charge of the Army, Zhang Bing became Administrator of Yunyang, Yin Li Administrator of Lingling, and Wu Can Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince. The world held that Gu Shao knew how to judge men. Records, Wu 7 §37–39

Zhang Wen went to Shu as an envoy with the rank of General of the Household Who Supports Righteousness; Sun Quan secretly resented Zhang Wen's praise of the government of Shu and disliked his reputation being too great, and when the affair of Ji Yan arose, he used it as an occasion to condemn Zhang Wen. Sun Quan issued an order listing Zhang Wen's offenses, saying that Yin Li had originally been summoned for divination by signs, yet Zhang Wen had asked again and again to take him along to Shu, extolled him in a foreign state and spread talk on his behalf. He also said that on his return Yin Li ought to have gone back to his own post, but had instead been made acting Gentleman of the Census Section of the Masters of Writing, and that such an arrangement came from Zhang Wen alone. Zhang Wen was banished to his home commandery. Records, Wu 12 §26 · 30 · 32 · 34–35

The general Luo Tong defended Zhang Wen in a memorial, saying that Zhang Wen's joining in praise of Yin Li when he went to Shu could be excused, even though a minister should have no dealings across the border. Dealings across the border, he said, meant following one another privately without the ruler's command, whereas to set out one's own feelings while carrying out a command and cultivating friendly relations was the proper way of an envoy. If Zhang Wen's praise of Yin Li made the people there marvel, he said, this showed that our ministers included many worthy men and displayed the excellence of the state in a foreign land, and he cited Zhao Wenzi of Jin and Wangsun Yu of Chu, who had praised ministers of their own states in other states. Records, Wu 12 §36 · 41–43

Zhao Da treasured his arts, and even when renowned Confucian scholars and fine gentlemen such as Kan Ze and Yin Li humbled themselves in person to come and learn from him, he kept them hidden and would not teach them. Records, Wu 18 §22

Chen Shou's main text stops at Yin Li's becoming Administrator of Lingling and does not record his courtesy name, the year of his death or the place of his death. Records, Wu 7 §39

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

This person does not appear in the Romance, so only the Records score (Chen Shou’s main text) is given.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records
  • LEA33
  • STR31
  • INT45
  • POL52
  • CHA45
  • VIR50
  • ADP42
  • SCH68
  • DIP58
  • DIS40
Each ability out of 100

Evidence by ability

  • LeadershipR33Unverified

    RNo direct recordWu 7 §39

  • StrengthR31Unverified

    RNo direct recordWu 7 §39

  • IntelligenceR45Unverified

    RNo direct record — estimated from his being summoned for divination by signsWu 12 §34

  • PoliticsR52

    RServed as Administrator of Lingling and acting Gentleman of the Census Section of the Masters of WritingWu 7 §39Wu 12 §35

  • CharismaR45Unverified

    RNo direct record — estimated from his being singled out from humble originsWu 7 §38

  • VirtueR50Unverified

    RNo direct recordWu 7 §38

  • AdaptabilityR42Unverified

    RNo direct recordWu 12 §35

  • ScholarshipR68

    RNamed a renowned Confucian scholar alongside Kan Ze, and summoned for divination by signsWu 18 §22Wu 12 §34

  • DiplomacyR58

    RWent to Shu with Zhang Wen and is said to have made the people there marvelWu 12 §34Wu 12 §43

  • DiscernmentR40Unverified

    RNo direct recordWu 7 §39

Special — talents Records +10

  • Divination & astronomy

    RSkilled +10 Originally summoned for divination by signsWu 12 §34

Records Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.