RSuppressed Zhang Jin's rebellion at Jiuquan and beheaded Zhang JinWei 9 §64Wei 3 §10
NLed out 50,000 troops, fell into an ambush and was heavily defeatedCh. 97 §39Ch. 97 §43
| Occupation | RGeneral · General NGeneral · Central Protector of the Army | Faction | Wei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Born | N? Unverified | Native place | |
| Died | N228 Unverified | Place of death | |
| Cause of death | NSuicide Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R8 |
Fei Yao was a general of Wei. He has no biography of his own in the Records, and his name appears in the Biography of Cao Zhen, the Biography of Zhang Ji and the Annals of Emperor Ming. After Emperor Wen ascended the throne of the kingdom, when Zhang Jin and others rebelled at Jiuquan, he attacked and defeated them on Cao Zhen's orders, and during the rebellion of the tribesmen of Liang Province he followed Zhang Ji and reached Wuwei. In the 12th month of the 2nd year of Taihe (early 229 CE), when Zhuge Liang besieged Chencang, Cao Zhen sent him to resist. Records, Wei 9 §63–64Records, Wei 15 §48–50Records, Wei 3 §10
Chen Shou's main text does not record his courtesy name, his place of origin or his death. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 97, and his name is in no chapter title. Serving under Cao Zhen as Central Protector of the Army and senior general and placed in command of the vanguard, he goes out in person to meet Jiang Wei despite his suspicions about Jiang Wei's letter of surrender, falls into the Shu army's stratagem on the Xie Valley road, is heavily defeated and cuts his own throat. Records, Wei 3 §10Records, Wei 9 §64Records, Wei 15 §49–50Romance, Ch. 97 §35 · 38–39 · 44
When Emperor Wen ascended the throne of the kingdom, Cao Zhen became General Who Guards the West, was granted the Acting Credentials and commanded the military affairs of Yong and Liang Provinces, and for his merits before and after he was advanced in enfeoffment to Marquis of Dongxiang. When Zhang Jin and others rebelled at Jiuquan, Cao Zhen sent Fei Yao, who attacked and defeated them and beheaded Zhang Jin and the others. The Biography of Zhang Ji records this rebellion as follows: when Emperor Wen first established Liang Province and made Zou Qi, Administrator of Anding, its Inspector, Zhang Jin of Zhangye seized his commandery's Administrator and raised troops to resist Zou Qi, and Huang Hua and Qu Yan likewise each drove out their former Administrators and responded to him. Records, Wei 9 §63–64Records, Wei 15 §47
Later the Lushui Hu of Liang Province, Yijian Jiqie, Zhiyuanduo and others, rebelled, and the region west of the Yellow River fell into great turmoil. Saying that no one but Zhang Ji could bring peace to Liang Province, Emperor Wen recalled Zou Qi and had Zhang Ji replace him, and sent the Protector of the Army Xiahou Ru, the general Fei Yao and others to follow after him. Records, Wei 15 §48–49
Zhang Ji crossed the Yellow River from Jincheng, spread word that he was going by way of Zhanyin, and then secretly passed through Juci and came out at Wuwei. The tribesmen, thinking him supernatural, fell back to Xianmei. Only after Zhang Ji had occupied Wuwei did Fei Yao arrive, and Xiahou Ru and the others had not yet reached it. Overruling the generals who said that it would be hard to fight with weary soldiers, Zhang Ji advanced to Xianmei and inflicted a heavy defeat on the tribesmen with an ambush. Records, Wei 15 §49–51
Judging that Zhuge Liang, having been chastened at Qishan, would surely come by way of Chencang next time he came out, Cao Zhen had the generals Hao Zhao and Wang Sheng guard Chencang and repair its walls. The Annals of Emperor Ming record that in the 12th month of the 2nd year of Taihe (early 229 CE), when Zhuge Liang besieged Chencang, Cao Zhen sent the general Fei Yao and others to resist him. Records, Wei 9 §65Records, Wei 3 §10
Chen Shou's main text does not record Fei Yao's courtesy name, his place of origin, his later career or his death. Records, Wei 3 §10Records, Wei 9 §64Records, Wei 15 §49–50
In Chapter 97 of the Romance, Cao Zhen, hearing that Chencang is in danger, sends Wang Shuang to relieve it, and on hearing that Wang Shuang has cut down an enemy general and won merit, he places Fei Yao, Central Protector of the Army and senior general, temporarily in command of the vanguard. At this point a man captured in a mountain valley, claiming to be a trusted follower of Jiang Wei, presents a secret letter. It says that Jiang Wei, having fallen into Zhuge Liang's stratagem, ended up in Shu but has never for a day forgotten his old state, and that if the Commander-in-Chief comes in person with a great army and feigns defeat, Jiang Wei will raise a fire from the rear as a signal and burn the Shu army's grain and fodder. Romance, Ch. 97 §35–37
When Cao Zhen, overjoyed, consults him, Fei Yao worries that it may be a trick, saying that Zhuge Liang is full of schemes and Jiang Wei broad in wisdom, and that Zhuge Liang may have put him up to it. When Cao Zhen does not doubt it, saying that Jiang Wei was originally a man of Wei, Fei Yao tells him that the Commander-in-Chief should not go lightly but only hold the main camp firmly, and that he himself will lead a detachment to meet Jiang Wei: if it succeeds, all the credit will go to the Commander-in-Chief, and if there is treachery, he will bear it himself. Cao Zhen, overjoyed, has Fei Yao lead 50,000 troops and advance toward the Xie Valley. Romance, Ch. 97 §38–39
When Fei Yao urges his troops forward, the Shu army withdraws three times before engaging, dragging things out until about the shen hour of the next day. Just as the Wei troops, who have had no rest for a whole day and night, are about to cook a meal, the Shu army surges in from all sides, and Zhuge Liang, seated in a four-wheeled carriage, asks for the commander of the Wei army. Seeing Zhuge Liang, Fei Yao is secretly pleased and tells his men to fall back if the Shu army bears down on them, and to turn and attack when fire rises behind the hill. When Zhuge Liang tells him to summon Cao Zhen, Fei Yao reviles him, saying that Commander-in-Chief Cao is a branch of gold and leaf of jade and would never meet with a rebel. Romance, Ch. 97 §40–42
When Zhuge Liang waves his feather fan, Ma Dai and Zhang Ni charge out along two routes. Fei Yao, who has been falling back, takes the fire rising behind the Shu army to be the signal fire and turns to attack, but Guan Xing and Zhang Bao charge out, arrows and stones rain down from the hills, and the Wei army is heavily defeated. Fleeing into a mountain valley, Fei Yao runs into Jiang Wei and reviles him as a faithless rebel, and Jiang Wei laughs, saying that he had meant to capture Cao Zhen but had lured him out by mistake. As Fei Yao fights his way out and flees, flames shoot up at the mouth of the valley and pursuers arrive from behind, and he cuts his own throat and dies; the rest of his troops all surrender. Hearing that he has lost Fei Yao, Cao Zhen regrets it, but it is already too late. Romance, Ch. 97 §42–44 · 46
Spelling of his name: Chen Shou's main text writes Fei Yao's name as 費曜, while the Romance writes it as 費耀. Records, Wei 3 §10Records, Wei 9 §64Romance, Ch. 97 §35
Earlier career: In the Romance, Fei Yao appears only in Chapter 97. In the Records, under Emperor Wen he defeated Zhang Jin and the other rebels at Jiuquan on Cao Zhen's orders, and during the rebellion of the tribesmen of Liang Province he followed Zhang Ji and reached Wuwei. Romance, Ch. 97 §35Records, Wei 9 §64Records, Wei 15 §49–50
His role in the fighting at Chencang: In Chapter 97 of the Romance, Fei Yao, as Central Protector of the Army and senior general, is placed in command of the vanguard and leads 50,000 troops out to the Xie Valley to meet Jiang Wei. The Annals of Emperor Ming in the Records record only that in the 12th month of the 2nd year of Taihe (early 229 CE), when Zhuge Liang besieged Chencang, Cao Zhen sent the general Fei Yao and others to resist him. Romance, Ch. 97 §35 · 39Records, Wei 3 §10
Jiang Wei's letter of surrender: In Chapter 97 of the Romance, Jiang Wei sends Cao Zhen a false secret letter and lures out the Wei army. The Biography of Jiang Wei in Chen Shou's main text has no such letter, and the Biography of Zhuge Liang records that in the winter of that year Zhuge Liang besieged Chencang but, when Cao Zhen blocked him, ran out of provisions and returned, and that he defeated and beheaded the Wei general Wang Shuang, who had pursued him. Romance, Ch. 97 §36–37Records, Shu 14 §28–50Records, Shu 5 §35
Death: In Chapter 97 of the Romance, Fei Yao falls into the Shu army's stratagem on the Xie Valley road and is defeated, and when he is cut off at the mouth of the valley he cuts his own throat. Chen Shou's main text has no record of Fei Yao's death. Romance, Ch. 97 §43–44Records, Wei 3 §10Records, Wei 9 §64Records, Wei 15 §49–50
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RSuppressed Zhang Jin's rebellion at Jiuquan and beheaded Zhang JinWei 9 §64Wei 3 §10
NLed out 50,000 troops, fell into an ambush and was heavily defeatedCh. 97 §39Ch. 97 §43
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 9 §64
NSaid he would bear the blame for failure himself, and killed himself rather than surrenderCh. 97 §39Ch. 97 §44
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 9 §64
NLed the pursuit sword in hand and broke through the encirclement to fleeCh. 97 §43Ch. 97 §44
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 15 §49
NSuspected a trick in the secret letter, yet trusted the signal fire and was caughtCh. 97 §38Ch. 97 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 9 §64
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderCh. 97 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 15 §49
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a commander in charge of the vanguardCh. 97 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 15 §50
NCaught by the stratagem, with his retreat cut off, he cut his own throatCh. 97 §43Ch. 97 §44
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 9 §64
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderCh. 97 §35
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 15 §49
NAnswered Zhuge Liang's call for a parley with abuseCh. 97 §41Ch. 97 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his being a generalWei 15 §49
NNo direct record — estimated from his being a military commanderCh. 97 §35
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).