Novel scene

Zhang Fei Takes Wakou Pass by Wit 猛張飛智取瓦口隘

About this event

This is the scene from the chapter title of Chapter 70 of the Romance, "Fierce Zhang Fei Takes Wakou Pass by Wit," a passage of the Battle of Baxi in which Zhang Fei drives back Zhang He, who has invaded Baxi. Zhang He holes up in three camps at Dangqu, Mengtou and Dangshi, and Zhang Fei, pretending for more than fifty days to be drunk, lures him out to a night raid, takes the three camps, and attacks the rear of Wakou Pass by a byway the local people show him, driving Zhang He away. Romance, Ch. 70 §1–20

Chen Shou's text records in the biography of Zhang Fei in Records of Shu 6 and the Biography of the First Sovereign in Records of Shu 2 that Zhang Fei faced Zhang He for more than fifty days and in the end defeated him at Wakou. Records, Shu 6 §19Records, Shu 2 §36

In the Romance

At the end of Chapter 69 of the Romance, Zhang He gives a written pledge under military law to Cao Hong, who hesitates out of concern over Guan Lu's words, and sets out for Baxi. In Chapter 70 Zhang He comes out with 30,000 men divided among three camps, the Dangqu camp, the Mengtou camp and the Dangshi camp, is defeated before Langzhong by a pincer attack from Zhang Fei and Lei Tong, falls back to Mount Dangqu, piles up logs and stones to roll down and holds fast. When he does not come out despite daily abuse, Zhang Fei spends more than fifty days drinking in front of the mountain and hurling insults. Romance, Ch. 69 §47–48Romance, Ch. 70 §1–5

When Liu Bei is alarmed at reports that Zhang Fei does nothing but drink, Zhuge Liang says this is a plan to lure Zhang He out and has Wei Yan deliver fifty jars of Chengdu's fine wine. Seeing Zhang Fei drinking in front of his tent while having his soldiers wrestle, Zhang He comes down the mountain at night and attacks the camp, but the Zhang Fei he spears down is a straw dummy. While he fights Zhang Fei, Wei Yan and Lei Tong seize two of the camps and Zhang Fei's rear army takes the remaining one, so that Zhang He loses all three camps and flees to Wakou Pass. Romance, Ch. 70 §6–11

Refused relief by Cao Hong, Zhang He feigns defeat to lure Lei Tong into an ambush and kills him, but Zhang Fei turns this around and has Wei Yan set fire to carts loaded with brushwood, trapping the ambush troops in the valley. When Wakou Pass does not fall, Zhang Fei learns from local people returning to Hanzhong by mountain paths that a byway over Mount Zitong leads to the rear of the pass, and while Wei Yan attacks the front of the pass, he strikes its rear with five hundred light horsemen. Zhang He abandons his horse, climbs the mountain and flees on foot to Nanzheng with only a dozen or so men. Romance, Ch. 70 §12–21

Where the Romance differs

Timing: The Romance places this battle after the uprising in Xudu in the 1st month of the 23rd year of Jian'an (218) in Chapter 69. The biography of Zhang Fei and the Biography of the First Sovereign in the Records record it as happening right after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu and left Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He in Hanzhong, that is, in the 20th year of Jian'an (215). Romance, Ch. 69 §25 · 45–48Records, Shu 6 §19Records, Shu 2 §35–36

The course of the battle: The wine, the straw dummy and the byway shown by the local people in Chapter 70 of the Romance are not in Chen Shou's text. In the biography of Zhang Fei, Zhang He came out to Dangqu, Mengtou and Dangshi to move the people of Baxi to Hanzhong and faced Zhang Fei for more than fifty days, and Zhang Fei, leading over 10,000 picked troops, went out by another road and intercepted him; because the mountain road was narrow, the front and rear of Zhang He's army could not help each other and were broken. That Zhang He abandoned his horse, climbed the mountain and withdrew by a byway with a dozen or so men is the same as in the Romance. Romance, Ch. 70 §5–11 · 17–20Records, Shu 6 §19

Lei Tong's death: In the Romance, Lei Tong dies in this battle, caught in Zhang He's ambush. In the Biography of the First Sovereign, in the 23rd year of Jian'an (218) Liu Bei sent Wu Lan, Lei Tong and others to Wudu, and they were all wiped out by Cao Cao's army. Romance, Ch. 70 §13Records, Shu 2 §37

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Romance chapters (2)

Records volumes (2)