Xiahou Hui 夏侯惠

RecordsRomance Wei Courtesy name 稚權 Zhiquan夏侯恵하후혜치권

Profile
OccupationROfficial · Administrator of Le'an NGeneral · Army MajorFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography inBook of Wei
BornNative placeQiao Commandery
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR5

Profile

Xiahou Hui was a son of Xiahou Yuan, the younger brother of Xiahou Wei and the elder brother of Xiahou He, and a man of Qiao State. He has no biography of his own in the Records; he appears in the record of Xiahou Yuan in the Biographies of the Xiahou and Cao Clans in Records of Wei 9 and in the record of Liu Shao in the Biographies of Wang, Wei, the Two Lius and Fu in Records of Wei 21. While he was Gentleman Cavalier Attendant he submitted a memorial recommending Liu Shao, and his office was Administrator of Le'an. Records, Wei 9 §27–28Records, Wei 21 §70 · 79

In Records of Wei 21 Chen Shou listed him only as one of those whose writings and rhapsodies were fairly widely transmitted in the world, and did not state the year of his death. In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 102 as the third of the four sons of Xiahou Yuan whom Sima Yi recommends to Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, and he appears in 3 of its 120 chapters; there is no chapter with his name in its title. He accompanies Sima Yi as Army Major and seizes the wooden oxen and gliding horses of the Shu army, and in Chapter 104 he follows the fleeing Sima Yi together with Xiahou Ba and calms him. Records, Wei 21 §79Romance, Ch. 102 §7–8Romance, Ch. 103 §21Romance, Ch. 104 §33

In the Records

According to the record of Xiahou Yuan in the Biographies of the Xiahou and Cao Clans in Records of Wei 9, Xiahou Yuan's eldest son was Xiahou Heng and a middle son was Xiahou Ba. Xiahou Yuan was attacked by Liu Bei and killed in battle in the first month of the 24th year of Jian'an (219). In the Huangchu era Xiahou Ba, and in the Taihe era Xiahou Ba's four younger brothers, were all granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes. Xiahou Hui was the younger brother of Xiahou Ba's younger brother Xiahou Wei, and the elder brother of Xiahou He. Records, Wei 9 §24 · 27–28

In the Zhengshi era Xiahou Ba became Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu and General of the Right, but on hearing that Cao Shuang, who had always treated him generously, had been executed, he grew fearful for himself and fled to Shu. Because of Xiahou Yuan's past merits, Xiahou Ba's sons were pardoned and moved to Lelang Commandery. His elder brother Xiahou Wei rose to be Inspector of Yan Province, Xiahou Hui was Administrator of Le'an, and his younger brother Xiahou He was Intendant of Henan. Records, Wei 9 §27–28

According to the record of Liu Shao in Records of Wei 21, after Emperor Ming came to the throne Liu Shao served as Administrator of Chenliu and Chief Commandant of Cavalry and was then transferred to Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. At that time an edict sought worthy men far and wide, and the Gentleman Cavalier Attendant Xiahou Hui recommended Liu Shao. Xiahou Hui said that the Attendant Liu Shao was deeply loyal and earnest in thought and embodied every kind of rule in his person; that men of genuine character admired his gentleness and rectitude, men of learning the precision of his calendrical calculations, men versed in law the exactness of his distinctions, and men of strategy his clear thought that reached into subtle matters; and that each of these judgments took up only the one branch that suited the speaker's own strengths. Records, Wei 21 §65–66 · 70

Xiahou Hui went on to say that he had many times heard Liu Shao's pure conversation and read his earnest discourses, and had cherished them in his heart for years; such a man should assist in confidential affairs and offer counsel within the curtained tent, and was not one commonly found in the world. He then asked that if His Majesty would lend an ear and let Liu Shao attend at his side in times of leisure and give his utmost, virtuous words would reach the throne and grow brighter day by day. Records, Wei 21 §71

At the end of the record of Liu Shao in Records of Wei 21, Chen Shou wrote that the Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary Su Lin of Chenliu, the Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Wei Dan of Jingzhao, the Administrator of Le'an Xiahou Hui of Qiao State, the Administrator of Chen Commandery Sun Gai of Rencheng, the Prefect of the Gentlemen of the Palace Du Zhi of Hedong and others also wrote writings and rhapsodies that were fairly widely transmitted in the world. Chen Shou's main text does not record the year of Xiahou Hui's death or his age. Records, Wei 21 §79Records, Wei 9 §28

In his assessment in Records of Wei 9, Chen Shou said that because the Xiahou and Cao clans had intermarried for generations, Xiahou Dun, Xiahou Yuan, Cao Ren and others were valued in their time as close kin, and in his assessment in Records of Wei 21 he said that Liu Shao had read widely in learning and books, so that refinement and substance were in harmony in him. Neither assessment discusses Xiahou Hui separately. Records, Wei 9 §132Records, Wei 21 §99

In the Romance

In Chapter 102 of the Romance, when the Shu army marches out to Mount Qi again in the 2nd month of spring in the 2nd year of Qinglong, Sima Yi recommends to Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, four men to go with him. They are the four sons of Xiahou Yuan: the eldest Ba, the second Wei, the third Hui, courtesy name Zhiquan, and the fourth He. Sima Yi says that Ba and Wei are skilled in archery and horsemanship, that Hui and He are well versed in the art of war and strategy, and that all four constantly long to avenge their father. He then asks that Xiahou Ba and Xiahou Wei be made vanguard commanders of the left and right, and Xiahou Hui and Xiahou He Army Majors to assist in military planning. Romance, Ch. 102 §6–8

When Cao Rui asks whether they will not be like Xiahou Mao, who earlier bungled military affairs, Sima Yi answers that these four are not to be compared with the likes of Xiahou Mao, and Cao Rui grants his request and makes Sima Yi Grand Commander. Romance, Ch. 102 §8–9

In Chapter 103 Xiahou Hui and Xiahou He come into the camp and tell Sima Yi that the Shu army has scattered in all directions to farm military colonies, planning to hold out for a long time, and that if it is not wiped out now its roots will grow deep and it will be hard to shake. When Sima Yi says that this too is a scheme of Zhuge Liang, the two say that if the Commander is so suspicious, when will the enemy ever be destroyed, and that the two brothers will fight to the death to repay the state's kindness. Sima Yi sends the two out, each leading 5,000 troops. Romance, Ch. 103 §19–20

The two advance by separate roads, strike a Shu force driving wooden oxen and gliding horses, seize all of them and send them to Sima Yi's camp, and the next day they capture more than a hundred men and horses and send them as well. Afterward, when Zhuge Liang has Gao Xiang pretend to transport grain and drive the wooden oxen and gliding horses back and forth through Shangfang Valley, Xiahou Hui and the others repeatedly cut off the road and attack, winning several times in a row within half a month. Zhuge Liang had earlier told Gao Xiang that if the Wei troops seized them, that would be his merit, and when withdrawing the troops at Mount Qi under the pretext of farming, he had instructed them that if other troops came to fight, they were only to feign defeat. Romance, Ch. 103 §18 · 21 · 24

In Chapter 104 Sima Yi sees Zhuge Liang sitting upright on a four-wheeled carriage, cries that he has fallen into a trap, and flees more than 50 li. When two Wei generals who have caught up with him seize the bit ring of his horse and call out to him not to be alarmed, Sima Yi feels his head with his hand and asks whether his head is still there. After panting for a long while, he opens his eyes and sees that they are Xiahou Ba and Xiahou Hui, and he returns to his main camp by a side road with the two generals. The Zhuge Liang on the carriage is later revealed by villagers to have been a wooden figure. Romance, Ch. 104 §32–34

Where the Romance differs

Order among the brothers: In Chapter 102 of the Romance, Sima Yi says that Xiahou Yuan had four sons, the eldest being Xiahou Ba and the third Xiahou Hui. In the Records, Xiahou Yuan's eldest son was Xiahou Heng and Xiahou Ba was a middle son, and Xiahou Ba had four younger brothers who were granted the rank of Marquis Within the Passes in the Taihe era. Xiahou Hui is recorded as the younger brother of Xiahou Wei and the elder brother of Xiahou He. Romance, Ch. 102 §7Records, Wei 9 §27–28

Talents: Chapter 102 of the Romance introduces Xiahou Hui and Xiahou He as men well versed in the art of war and strategy. Records of Wei 21 lists Xiahou Hui as one of those whose writings and rhapsodies were fairly widely transmitted in the world, and the deed of his that remains in Chen Shou's main text is his memorial, as Gentleman Cavalier Attendant, recommending Liu Shao. Romance, Ch. 102 §8Records, Wei 21 §70–71 · 79

Offices: In Chapter 102 of the Romance, Xiahou Hui becomes an Army Major and goes with Sima Yi to the Wei River front. The only offices of his that appear in Chen Shou's main text are Gentleman Cavalier Attendant and Administrator of Le'an, and there is no record of his leading troops. Romance, Ch. 102 §8Records, Wei 9 §28Records, Wei 21 §70 · 79

Wooden oxen and gliding horses: In Chapter 103 of the Romance, Xiahou Hui and his brother seize the Shu army's wooden oxen and gliding horses around Shangfang Valley. The Biography of Zhuge Liang in the Records says that in the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing (234) Zhuge Liang transported provisions with gliding horses, faced Sima Yi at the Wuzhang Plains and divided his troops to farm military colonies, but it does not say that the Wei army seized wooden oxen or gliding horses, and Xiahou Hui does not appear in it. Romance, Ch. 103 §21 · 24Records, Shu 5 §38

Sima Yi's flight: In Chapter 104 of the Romance, Xiahou Hui and Xiahou Ba follow Sima Yi, who has fled more than 50 li, and calm him. The Biography of Zhuge Liang in the Records only says that in the 8th month of that year Zhuge Liang died of illness in camp, and that after the army withdrew Sima Yi inspected the sites of his camps and ramparts and called him an extraordinary talent of the realm; there is no flight by Sima Yi. Romance, Ch. 104 §33Records, Shu 5 §38

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3552+17
  • STR3145+14
  • INT4848±0
  • POL4533−12
  • CHA4040±0
  • VIR5058+8
  • ADP4242±0
  • SCH6633−33
  • DIP5238−14
  • DIS6635−31
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

ScholarshipR66N33Unverified −33

RHis writings and rhapsodies were fairly widely transmitted in the worldWei 21 §79

NNo direct recordCh. 102 §8

LeadershipR35UnverifiedN52 +17

RNo direct record — his post as Administrator of Le'anWei 21 §79

NSeized the wooden oxen and gliding horses with 5,000 troops and won several times within half a monthCh. 103 §21Ch. 103 §24

PoliticsR45UnverifiedN33Unverified −12

RNo direct record — estimated from his post as Administrator of Le'anWei 21 §79

NNo direct recordCh. 102 §8

4 similar abilities — show evidence
  • IntelligenceR48UnverifiedN48 ±0

    RNo direct recordWei 21 §70

    NRecommended as well versed in the art of war; asked to go out and fight despite the warning that it was Zhuge Liang's schemeCh. 102 §8Ch. 103 §19

  • CharismaR40UnverifiedN40Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWei 21 §79

    NNo direct recordCh. 103 §19

  • VirtueR50UnverifiedN58 +8

    RNo direct recordWei 21 §70

    NVowed to fight to the death to repay the state's kindness; followed the routed Sima YiCh. 103 §19Ch. 104 §33

  • AdaptabilityR42UnverifiedN42Unverified ±0

    RNo direct recordWei 21 §79

    NNo direct recordCh. 103 §19

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (3)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Wei · Records · Records vol. 21 「樂安太守譙國夏侯惠」

Family

ParentsXiahou Yuan Novel & History
SiblingsXiahou Ba Records, Xiahou Wei Novel & History, Xiahou Mao Romance, Xiahou He Novel & History

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.

Related events (1)

Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).